Saunt Petersburg

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Saunt Petersburg
Санкт-Петербург (Roushie)
—  Federal ceety  —
Clockwise frae top left: Saunt Isaac's Cathedral rises ower the ceety, Peter an Paul Fortress on Zayachy Island, Palace Square wi the Alexander Column, Petergof, Nevsky Prospekt, an the Winter Palace

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Coat o airms
Coordinates: 59°57′N 30°19′E / 59.95°N 30.317°E / 59.95; 30.317
Poleetical status
Kintra Roushie
Federal destrict Northwastren[1]
Economic region Northwastren[2]
Established 27 Mey 1703[3]
Federal ceety Day May 27[4]
Govrenment (as of March 2010)
 - Govrenor Georgy Poltavchenko (actin)
 - Legislature Legislative Assembly
Statistics
Aurie [5]
 - Total 1,439 km2 (555.6 sq mi)
Aurie rank 82nt
Population (2010 Census)[6]
 - Total 4,879,566
 - Rank 4t
 - Density 3,390.94 /km2 (8,782.5 /sq mi)
Population (2002 Census)
 - Total
 - Rank {{{pop_2002census_rank}}}
 - Density {{convert/numdisp/fracExpression error: Unexpected < operator. |Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".|Expression error: Unexpected < operator.|Expression error: Unexpected < operator.|Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "{".}} /km2 (Expression error: Unexpected < operator. /sq mi)
Time zone(s) [7]
ISO 3166-2 RU-SPE
Number plates 78, 98, 178
Offeecial leids Roushie[8]

Saunt Petersburg (Roushie: Soond Са́нкт-Петербу́рг?‎) is a ceety an a federal subject (a federal ceety) o Roushie locatit on the Neva River at the heid o the Guwf o Finland on the Easter Seas. The ceety's ither names wis Petrograd (Roushie: Петроград‎, 1914–1924) an Leningrad (Roushie: Ленинград‎, 1924–1991). It is aften cawed juist Petersburg (Roushie: Петербург‎) an is informally kent as Piter (Roushie: Питер‎).

Foondit bi Tsar Peter the Great on 27 Mey 1703, it wis the caipital o the Roushie Empire for mair than twa hunder years (1713–1728, 1732–1918). Saunt Petersburg ceased being the caipital in 1918 efter the Roushie Revolution o 1917 It is Roushie's seicont lairgest ceety efter Moscow wi 4.6 million inhabitants, an fowert in Europe efter Istanbul, Lunnon an Moscow. Saunt Petersburg is a major European cultural centre, an an important Roushie port on the Easter Seas.

Saunt Petersburg is aften described as the maist Wastren ceety o Roushie. Amang ceeties o the warld wi ower ane million fowk, Saunt Petersburg is the northmaist. The Heestoric Centre o Saunt Petersburg an Related Groups o Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Steid. Saunt Petersburg is an aa hame tae The Hermitage, the lairgest airt museum in the warld. Roushie's poleetical an cultural centre for 200 years, the ceety is sometimes referred tae in Roushie as the Northren Caipital. Ower its history it haes been referencit as "the Venice o the north" an the "Northren Palmira" an aw. A lairge nummer o foreign consulates, internaitional corporations, banks an ither businesses are locatit in Saunt Petersburg.

Table o contents

Demografics

Main airticle: Demografics o Saunt Petersburg

Saunt Petersburg is the seicont lairgest ceety in Roushie. Per the 2010 Census, the federal subject's population is 4,879,566, or 3.4% o the total population o Roushie;[6] up frae 4,661,219 (3.21%) recordit in the 2002 Census,[9] an doun frae 5,023,506 recordit in the 1989 Census.[10]

The 2010 Census recordit the ethnic composition as follaes:[6] Roushie 92.5%, Ukrainian 1.5%, Belaroushies 0.9%, Jewish 0.6%, Tatar 0.7%, Uzbek 0.5%, Armenie 0.5%, Azeri 0.4%, Tajik 0.3%, Georgie 0.2%, Moldovan 0.2%, Finns 0.1%. Additionally, 652,827 fowk wur registered frae admeenistrative databases, an coud no declare an ethnicity. It is estimatit that the proportion o ethnicities in this group is the same as that o the declared group.[11]

The 20t century saw hectic ups an douns in population. Frae 2.4 million in 1916 it haed droppit tae less than 740,000 bi 1920 durin the Roushie Revolution an Roushie Ceevil War. The minorities o Germans, Poles, Finns, Estonies an Latvies wur amaist completely transferred frae Leningrad durin the 1930s.[12] Frae 1941 tae the end o 1943, population droppit frae 3 million tae less than 600,000, as fowk dee'd in battles, starvit tae daith durin the Siege o Leningrad, or wur evacuatit. Efter the siege, some o the evacuees returned, but maist influx wis due tae migration frae ither pairts o the Soviet Union. The ceety absorbit aboot 3 million fowk in the 1950s an grew tae ower 5 million in the 1980s. Frae 1991 tae 2006 the ceety's population decreased tae the 4.6 million, while the suburban population increased due tae privatization o land an massive muive tae suburbs. Based on the 2010 census results the current population is ower 4.8 million.[13][14] The birth rate remains lawer than the daith rate; fowk ower 65 constitute mair than twinty percent o the population; an the median age is aboot 40 years.[15]

Fowk in urban Saunt Petersburg live maistly in apairtments. Atween 1918 an the 1990s, the Soviets naitionalisit hoosin an forcit residents tae share communal apairtments (kommunalkas). Wi 68% livin in shared flats in the 1930s, Leningrad wis the ceety in the USSR wi the lairgest number o kommunalkas. Resettlin residents o kommunalkas is nou on the wey oot, albeit shared apairtments are still no uncommon. As new burghs wur built on the ootskirts in the 1950s–1980s, ower hauf a million law income faimilies eventually receivit free apairtments, an aboot an additional hunder thoosan condos wur purchased. While economic an social activity is concentratit in the historic ceety centre, the richest pairt o Saunt Petersburg, maist fowk live in commuter auries. For the first hauf o 2007, the birth rate wis 9.1 per 1000.[16]

Govrenment

Further information: Govrenment in Saunt Petersburg
The Mariinsky Palace, seat o the ceety assembly
Smolny Institute, the seat o the govrenor

Saunt Petersburg is a federal subject of Roushie.[17] The poleetical life o Saunt Petersburg is regulatit bi the ceety chairter adoptit bi the ceety legislatur in 1998.[18] The superior executive body is the Saunt Petersburg Ceety Admeenistration, led bi the govrenor (mayor afore 1996). Saunt Petersburg haes a single-chamber legislatur, the Saunt Petersburg Legislative Assembly.

Accordin tae the federal law passed in 2004, heids o federal subjects, includin the govrenor o Saint Petersburg, are nominatit bi the Preses o Roushie an approvit bi local legislaturs. If the legislatur disappruives the nominee, it is dissolvit.

Saunt Petersburg ceety is currently dividit intae aichteen districts. Saunt Petersburg is an aw the admeenistrative centre o Leningrad Oblast, an o the Northwastren Federal Destrict.[19] The Constitutional Court o Roushie muivit tae Saunt Petersburg frae Moscow in Mey 2008.

Saunt Petersburg an Leningrad Oblast, being twa different federal subjects, share a number o local depairtments o federal executive agencies an courts, such as court o arbitration, polis, FSB, postal service, drug enforcement admeenistration, penitentiary service, federal registration service, an ither federal services.

Twin touns an sister ceeties

See an aw: Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie

Leet o sister ceeties tae Saunt Petersburg, juist like it appears on the offeecial portal o the Ceety Govrenment, leetin baith sister ceeties an pairtnership tees.[20]:

Sister ceeties in the Commonweel o Unthirlt States an Baltic states:

Ither sisterhuids no on the govrenment leet:

References

  1. ↑ Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", №20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г. (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).
  2. ↑ Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР. (Gosstandart o the Roushie Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).
  3. ↑ Official website of St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg in Figures
  4. ↑ Законодательное Собрание Санкт-Петербурга. Закон №555-75 от 26 октября 2005 г. «О праздниках и памятных датах в Санкт-Петербурге», в ред. Закона №541-112 от 6 ноября 2008 г. (Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg. Law #555-75 of October 26, 2005 On Holidays and Memorial Dates in Saint Petersburg. ).
  5. ↑ Official website of St. Petersburg. Петербург в цифрах (St. Petersburg in Figures) (Roushie)
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 (Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census). Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Retrieved on 29 Juin 2012. .
  7. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
  8. ↑ Offeecial the whole territory o Roushie accordin tae Airticle 68.1 o the Constitution o Roushie.
  9. ↑ Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек (Russian). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002). Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Retrieved on 9 Februar 2012. .
  10. ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров. (Russian). Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved on 9 Februar 2012. .
  11. ↑ http://www.perepis-2010.ru/news/detail.php?ID=6936
  12. ↑ Martin, Terry (1998). The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing. The Journal of Modern History 70.4, 813–861.[deid airtin]
  13. ↑ Чистякова Н. Третье сокращение численности населения... и последнее? Демоскоп Weekly 163 – 164, August 1–15, 2004.
  14. ↑ Russian source: "Encyclopedia of Saint Petersburg" Чистяков А. Ю. Население (обзорная статья). Энциклопедия Санкт-Петербурга
  15. ↑ Russian statistics Основные показатели социально-демографической ситуации в Санкт-Петербурге
  16. ↑ В первом полугодии продолжалось умеренное повышение числа рождений. Demoscope.ru. Retrieved on 6 Januar 2009. .
  17. ↑ The Constitution of the Russian federation. Constitution.ru. Retrieved on 22 October 2009. .
  18. ↑ Russian source: Charter of Saint Petersburg City. Gov.spb.ru. Retrieved on 22 October 2009. .
  19. ↑ Official website of the Northwestern Federal District (Russian). Szfo.ru (June 25, 2009). Retrieved on 22 October 2009. .
  20. ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 20.17 20.18 20.19 20.20 20.21 20.22 20.23 20.24 20.25 20.26 20.27 20.28 20.29 20.30 20.31 20.32 20.33 20.34 20.35 20.36 20.37 20.38 20.39 20.40 20.41 20.42 20.43 20.44 20.45 20.46 20.47 20.48 20.49 20.50 20.51 20.52 20.53 Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties. Saint Petersburg City Government. Retrieved on 23 Mairch 2008. .
  21. ↑ Barcelona's Sister cities. 2008 Ajuntament de Barcelona (City council's webpage). Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  22. ↑ ::Bethlehem Municipality::. bethlehem-city.org. Retrieved on 10 October 2009. .
  23. ↑ Coloful Daegu. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  24. ↑ Dresden Twin cities. 2008 Landeshauptstadt Dresden (City of Dresden: www.Dresden.de). Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .[deid airtin]
  25. ↑ Tenerife
  26. ↑ Edinburgh – Twin and Partner Cities. 2008 The City of Edinburgh Council, City Chambers, High Street, Edinburgh, EH1 1YJ Scotland. Retrieved on 21 Dizember 2008. .[deid airtin]
  27. ↑ Gdańsk Official Website: 'Miasta partnerskie' (Polish & English). 2009 Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku. Retrieved on 11 Julie 2009. .
  28. ↑ Stadt Graz: Sister Cities. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  29. ↑ Twin Towns – Graz Online – English Version. graz.at. Retrieved on 5 Januar 2010. .
  30. ↑ Sister Cities of Istanbul. Retrieved on 2 November 2008. .
  31. ↑ Erdem, Selim Efe. "İstanbul'a 49 kardeş", Radikal, November 3, 2003. Retrieved on 2 November 2008.. (in Turkish)
  32. ↑ Le Havre Website – Twin Towns. Flag of the United Kingdom.svg (in English) 2006–2008 Ovidio Limited.. Retrieved on 30 November 2008. .
  33. ↑ Los Angeles City Council: Sister cities of Los Angeles. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  34. ↑ Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon. 2008 Mairie de Lyon. Retrieved on 21 October 2008. .
  35. ↑ Friendship Agreements. Manchester City Council. Archived from the original on 11 Juin 2008. . Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  36. ↑ International relations: Saint Petersburg. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  37. ↑ City of Melbourne — International relations — Sister cities. City of Melbourne. Retrieved on 7 Julie 2009. .
  38. ↑ Milano – Città Gemellate. 2008 Municipality of Milan (Comune di Milano). Retrieved on 5 Dizember 2008. .
  39. ↑ Official Website of Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  40. ↑ Osaka and the World, the official website of the Osaka city. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  41. ↑ Paris Partners: 'Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération'. Mairie de Paris. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  42. ↑ Paris International relations : special partners. Mairie de Paris. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  43. ↑ ~Plovdiv Sister cities[deid airtin]
  44. ↑ Prague Partner Cities (Czech). 2009 Magistrát hl. m. Prahy. Retrieved on 2 Julie 2009. .
  45. ↑ Twinning Cities. City of Thessaloniki. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  46. ↑ (Pols) Miasta partnerskie Warszawy. um.warszawa.pl. Biuro Promocji Miasta (May 4, 2005). Retrieved on 29 August 2008. .
  47. ↑ Zagreb Sister Cities. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  48. ↑ Yerevan Municipality – Sister Cities. 2005–2009 www.yerevan.am. Retrieved on 22 Juin 2009. .
  49. ↑ Guide to Vilnuis. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  50. ↑ Twin cities of Riga. Riga City Council. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  51. ↑ About Daugavpils
  52. ↑ 52.00 52.01 52.02 52.03 52.04 52.05 52.06 52.07 52.08 52.09 52.10 52.11 52.12 Chairman of the Committee for External Relations of St. Petersburg. Translate.google.com. Retrieved on 20 Julie 2012. .
  53. ↑ Online Directory: Russian Federation, Eurasia. Sister Cities International. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  54. ↑ Sister cities:Saint Petersburg, Russia. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .[deid airtin]
  55. ↑ Maribor sister cities
  56. ↑ US Africa Sister Cities Conference. U.S. Africa sister cities foundation, inc.. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 Sister cities international. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  58. ↑ Sister partners of Oslo. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  59. ↑ Rishon LeZion. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  60. ↑ Partnership towns of the City of Košice (Slovak). 2007–2009 City of Košice Magistrát mesta Košice, Tr. SNP 48/A, 040 11 Košice. Retrieved on 12 Julie 2009. .
  61. ↑ Haifa agreement with partner ((Roushie)). Mignews.com. Retrieved on 20 Julie 2012. .
  62. ↑ The city of Lviv, and its sister cities. Retrieved on 1 Dizember 2008. .
  63. ↑ Hungary-Russia sister cities. Vengria.ru. Retrieved on 20 Julie 2012. .
  64. ↑ Porto Alegre's International Sister Cities Program. Porto Alegre, RS. Retrieved on 22 August 2008. .

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