Gothenburg
| Gothenburg Göteborg |
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| — Ceety — | |||
| Göteborg | |||
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  Gothenburg
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| Coordinates: 57°42′N 11°58′E / 57.7°N 11.967°E | |||
| Kintra | Swaden | ||
| Province | Västergötland an Bohuslän | ||
| Coonty | Västra Götaland Coonty | ||
| Municipality | Gothenburg Municipality, Härryda Municipality, Partille Municipality an Mölndal Municipality |
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| Chairter | 1621 | ||
| Aurie[1] | |||
| - Ceety | 450 km2 (173.7 sq mi) | ||
| - Wattir | 14.5 km2 (5.6 sq mi) 3.2% | ||
| - Urban | 203.67 km2 (78.6 sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 3,717 km2 (1,435.1 sq mi) | ||
| Indwallers (2011 (urban: 2010))[1][2] | |||
| - Ceety | 519,399 | ||
| - Densitie | 1,154.2/km2 (Expression error: Unexpected < operator./sq mi) | ||
| - Urban | 549,839 | ||
| - Urban densitie | 2,699.7/km2 (Expression error: Unexpected < operator./sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 933,560 | ||
| - Metro densitie | 251.2/km2 (Expression error: Unexpected < operator./sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Simmer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Wabsteid | www.goteborg.se | ||
Gothenburg (Swadish: Göteborg; pronounced Template:IPA-sv) is the seicont-lairgest ceety in Swaden (efter Stockholm) an the fift-lairgest in the Nordic kintras. Situatit on the soothwast coast o Swaden, the ceety proper haes a population o 512,754, wi 510,491 in the urban aurie an total o 926,654 inhabitants in the metropolitan aurie.[1]
The Ceety o Gothenburg wis foondit in 1621 bi Keeng Gustavus Adolphus o Swaden. It lies bi the sea at the mooth o Göta Älv—the river runnin through the ceety—an is the lairgest seaport in the Nordic kintras.[3]
Gothenburg is an aa hame tae mony students, as the ceety includes baith the University o Gothenburg an Chalmers University o Technology. Volvo Cars wis foondit in Gothenburg in 1927.[4]
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[edit] Name
The ceety wis named efter the Geats (Swadish: Götar varied: Geatas, Gautar, Goths, Gotar, Gøtar, Götar), the inhabitants o Gothia, nou soothren Sweden—i.e. "Defence of the Geats".[5] The river on which the ceety sits is the Göta Älv or Gothia River. Göta borg "Gothia Fortress" is the fort on the Göta River, built tae protect the port, which wis intendit tae be Swaden's commercial windae tae the wast.
In Dutch, Scots an Inglis, aw leids wi a lang history o being spoken in this trade an maritime-orientit ceety, the name Gothenburg haes traditionally been uised for the ceety as in the Gothenburg Film Festival. The French form o the ceety name is Gothembourg. Gottenburg can an aa be seen in some aulder Inglis texts. These traditional forms are nou sometimes replaced wi the uise o the Swadish Göteborg, for example bi the Göteborgsoperan an the Göteborg Ballet. Housomeivver, Göteborgs universitet, previously designatit as Göteborg University in Inglis, chyngit tae the University o Gothenburg in 2008.[6] The municipality o Gothenburg haes an aa revertit tae the uise o the Inglis name in internaitional contexts.[7] Ither auld variations in Swadish are Götheborgh, an the mair common, Götheborg. Ane Inglis text written in the late 15t century states the name as "Guthaeborg".
[edit] History
- Main airticle: History o Gothenburg
[edit] Geography
Gothenburg is locatit on the wast coast, in Soothwastren Swaden, approximately hauf wey atween the Dens an Norse caipitals Copenhagen an Oslo. The location at the mooth o the river Göta älv, which feeds intae Kattegatt, an airm o the North Sea, haes helped the ceety grow in significance as a tradin ceety. The airchipelago o Gothenburg consists o rough, barren rocks an cliffs, which an aa is typical for the coast o Bohuslän. Due tae the Gulf Stream the ceety haes a mild climate an quite a lot o rain.
The Gothenburg Metropolitan Aurie (Stor-Göteborg) haes 816,931 inhabitants an extends tae the municipalities o Ale, Härryda, Kungälv, Lerum, Mölndal, Partille, Stenungsund, Tjörn, Öckerö in Västra Götaland Coonty, an Kungsbacka in Halland Coonty.
Angered, a suburb ootside Gothenburg, consists o Hjällbo, Rannebergen, Hammarkullen, Gårdsten an Lövgärdet. It is a Million Programme pairt o Gothenburg, like Rosengård in Malmö an Botkyrka in Stockholm. Angered haes 40,000 inhabitants in total. It lies north frae Gothenburg an is isolatit frae the rest o the ceety. Bergsjön is anither Million Programme suburb north o Gothenburg, Bergsjön haes 14,000 inhabitants. Biskopsgården is the biggest multicultural suburb on the island Hisingen, which is a pairt o Gothenburg separatit bi the river.
[edit] Climate
Gothenburg haes an oceanic climate accordin tae Köppen climate classification. Despite its heich northren latitude, temperaturs are quite mild throughoot the year an hintle warmer than places in similar latitude, or even somewha further south, mainly because of the moderating influence of the warm Gulf Stream. Durin the simmer, daylicht extends 17 oors, but lasts anerlie aroond 7 oors in late December.
Simmers are warm an pleasant wi average heich temperaturs o 19 tae 20 °C (66 tae 68 °F) an lows o 10 tae 12 °C (50 tae 54 °F), but temperaturs o 25–30 °C (77–86 °F) occur on mony days durin the simmer. Winters are cauld an windy wi temperaturs o aroond -5 tae 3 °C (23 to 37 °F), even though it rarely drops belaw −10 °C (14 °F). Precipitation is regular but generally moderate throughoot the year. Snaw mainly occurs frae December tae Mairch. Although snaw is no unuisual in November an Aprile an can sometimes occur even in October an Mey.
[edit] Cultur
The sea, trade an industrial history o the ceety is evident in the cultural life o Gothenburg. The greatest attraction in the ceety is the amusement pairk Liseberg (see Points o interest). Anither fact relatit tae the industrial heritage o the ceety is that mony o the cultural institutions, as well as hospitals and the university, were created thanks tae donations frae rich merchants an industrialists, for example the Röhsska Museum.
There are many free theatre ensembles in the ceety, besides institutions like Gothenburg Ceety Theatre, Backa Theatre (youth theatre), an Folkteatern. On 29 December 2004, the Museum o Warld Cultur wis opened in Gothenburg, locatit near Korsvägen.
The Gothenburg Film Festival, held each year, is the lairgest film festival in Scandinavie.[8] Similarly, the Gothenburg Beuk Fair, held ivery year in September, is the lairgest such event in Scandinavie.
Citin the Financial Creesis the Internaitional Federation o Library Associations an Institutions haes annoonced that Gothenburg will host the 2010 Warld Library an Information Congress,[9] previously tae be held in Brisbane, Australie.
[edit] Airchitectur
There are vera few hooses left frae the 17t century when the ceety wis foondit, syne aw but the military an ryal hooses wur built o wood.[10] Ane example is Skansen Kronan.
The first major airchitecturally interestin period is the 18t century when the East Indie Company made Gothenburg an important trade ceety. Imposin stane hooses wi a Classical leuk wur erectit aroond the canals. Ane example frae this period is the East Indie Hoose, which the day hooses Gothenburg’s Ceety Museum.
In the 19t century, the walthy bourgeoisie begun tae muive ootside the ceety waws which haed protectit the ceety when the Union o Denmark an Norawa wis still a threat. The style nou wis an eclectic, academic, somewha ower decoratit style which the middle-class favoured. The wirkin class lived in the owercroudit ceety destrict Haga, in wooden hooses.
In the 19t century the first important toun plan efter the foondin o the ceety wis creatit, which led tae the construction o the main street, Kungsportsavenyn. The perhaps maist significant type o hooses o the ceety, Landshövdingehusen, wur built in the end o the 19t century; three storey-hooses wi the first floor in stane an the ither twa in wood.
A vera important period in the airchitectural history o the ceety wis the early 20t century, when the Naitional Romantic style dominatit. Amang the mony monumental biggin erectit the Masthugget Kirk can be mentioned.
An aw in the beginnin o the 1920s, when the ceety celebratit its 300t anniversary, the Götaplatsen square wi its Neo-Classical leuk wis built.
Efter this the predominant style in Gothenburg an rest o Swaden wis Functionalism which especially dominatit the suburbs like Västra Frölunda an Bergsjön. The prominent Swadish functionalist airchitect Uno Åhrén served as the ceety planner here frae 1932 through 1943. In the 1950s, the big stadium Ullevi wis erectit when Swaden hostit the 1958 FIFA Warld Cup.
The modren airchitectur o the ceety is being formed bi such airchitects as Gert Wingårdh who stairtit as a Post-Modrenist in the 1980s.
A further remarkable construction is Brudaremossen TV Touer, ane o the few pairtially guyed touers in the warld.
[edit] Characteristic biggins
The Gothenburg Central Station is in the hert o the ceety, juist next tae Nordstan an Drottningtorget. The biggin haes been renovatit an expandit numerous times syne the grand openin in October 1858. In 2003 a major reconstruction wis finished which brought the 19t century biggin in tae the 21st century expandin the capacity for trains, travellers an shoppin. Not far from the centralstation is Skanskaskrapan, or mair commonly kent as "The Lipstick". It's 86 meters heich wi 22 floors an coloured in red-white stripes. The skyscraper wis designed bi Ralph Erskine an built bi Skanska in the 1980s as the heidquarter for the company.
By the shore o Göta Älv is the Gothenburg Opera. It wis completit in 1994. The airchitect Jan Izikowitz wis inspired bi the landscape an described his veesion as "Something that maks your mind float ower the squigglin landscape like the wings o a seagull.
Feskekôrka, or Fiskhallen,[11] is a fishmercat bi the Rosenlundskanalen in the hert o Gothenburg. Feskekôrkan wis opened on 1 November 1874 an the name comes frae being compared wi a kitk.
The Gothenburg Law Court is in the Beaux-Arts.
The Gothenburg Synagogue at Stora Nygatan, near Drottningtorget, wis built in 1855 accordin tae the designs o the German airchitect August Krüger.
[edit] Muisic
Template:Further Gothenburg haes a diverse muisic community—the Gothenburg Symphony Orchestra is the best kent when it comes tae classical muisic. Gothenburg an aa wis the birthplace o the Swadish composer Kurt Atterberg. Baunds like The Soundtrack of Our Lives an Ace of Base are well kent pop representatives o the ceety. There is an aw an active indie scene. For example, the muisicker Jens Lekman wis born in the suburb o Angered an named his 2007 release Night Falls Over Kortedala efter anither suburb (Kortedala). Ither internaitionally acclaimed indie airtists include the electro pop duos Studio, The Knife, Air France, The Tough Alliance, sangwriter José González an pop sangster El Perro Del Mar as well as genre bendin quartet Little Dragon frontit bi vocalist Yukimi Nagano. Anither son o the ceety is ane o Swaden's maist popular sangsters, Håkan Hellström, who aften includes mony places frae the ceety in his sangs.
Gothenburg's awn commercially successful At the Gates, In Flames an Dark Tranquillity are creditit wi pioneerin melodic daith metal. Anither well kent baund o the Gothenburg scene is The Haunted. Progressive pouer metal baund Evergrey an aa oreeginate frae the ceety as dae pouer metal baunds HammerFall an Dream Evil.
The Metaltown Festival is a twa day festival featurin hivy metal baunds, held in Gothenburg. It haes been arranged annually syne 2004, takin place at the Frihamnen venue. The maist recent festival in Juin 2010, includit baunds such as Coheed and Cambria, Dark Tranquillity, Rammstein, Amon Amarth, an In Flames.
[edit] Fuid an drink
The ceety haes a number o starn chefs – ower the past decade, seiven o the Swadish Chef o the Year Awards hae been wan bi Gothenburgers.[12] A popular place tae buy fish ingredients is the Feskekôrka ("Fish Kirk"); an indoor fish mercat which got its name frae the biggin's resemblance tae a Gothic kirk. Five Gothenburg restaurants hae a starn in the 2008 Michelin Guide: 28 +, Basement, Fond, Kock & Vin, Fiskekrogen an Sjömagasinet.[13]
[edit] Sports
As in aw o Swaden, a variety o sports are follaed, includin but no limited tae fitbaa, ice hockey, basketbaw, team handbaw, an figure skatin. There is a varied amateur an professional sports clubs scene. Gothenburg is the birthplace o fitbaa in Swaden as the first fitbaa match in Swaden wis played there in 1892. The ceety's three major clubs, IFK Göteborg, Örgryte IS an GAIS share a total o 34 Swadish Championships atween them. IFK haes an aa wan the UEFA Cup twice. Ither notable clubs include BK Häcken (football), Pixbo Wallenstam IBK (floorbaw), multiple naitional team handbaw champion Redbergslids IK, an three time naitional ice hockey champion Frölunda HC, Gothenburg haes an aa a professional basketbaw team Gothia Basket. The bandy depairtment o GAIS, GAIS Bandy, played qualification matches tae the heichest diveesion Elitserien last saison.
The ceety's maist notable sports venues are Scandinavium (ice hockey), an Nya Ullevi (multisport) an the new-built Gamla Ullevi[14] (fitbaa).
Gothenburg haes hostit a number o internaitional sportin events includin the 1958 FIFA Warld Cup, the 1983 European Cup Winners' Cup Feenal, an NFL preseason game on 14 August 1988 atween the Chicago Bears an the Minnesota Vikings, the 1992 European Fitbaa Championship, the 1993 an the 2002 Warld Men's Handbaw Championship, the 1995 Warld Championships in Athletics, the 1997 Warld Championships in Swimmin (Short track), the 2002 Ice Hockey Warld Championships, the 2004 UEFA Cup feenal, the 2006 European Championships in Athletics, an the 2008 Warld Figure Skating Championships. Annual events held in the ceety are the Gothia Cup an the Göteborgsvarvet.
Gothenburg hostit the XIII FINA Warld Masters Championships 2010.[15] Divin, swimmin, synchronized swimmin an open water competitions teuk place frae 28 Julie tae 7 August. The water polo events wis held on the neighborin cety o Borås.
[edit] Govrenment
- Main airticle: Gothenburg Municipality
[edit] Internaitional relations
[edit] Twin touns an sister ceeties
Gothenburg is twinned wi:
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[edit] References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km2 2005 och 2010 (Swedish) (xls). Statistics Sweden. Retrieved on 10 Mey 2009. .
- ↑ Statistics Sweden: Folkmängd i riket, län och kommuner 30 juni 2011 och befolkningsförändringar 1 januari - 30 juni 2011
- ↑ Swedish National Encyclopedia (password needed)
- ↑ Volvo group history: Volvo's founders
- ↑ Hellquist, E. Svensk etymologisk ordbok. Pamp, B. Ortnamnen i Sverige. Svenska ortnamnsarkiv. AWE/Gebers serie om ortnamnen i våra landskap.
- ↑ Template:Cite press release
- ↑ City of Gothenburg. 7.goteborg.se. Retrieved on 16 September 2011. .
- ↑ Göteborg International Film Festival 2008: Göteborg International Film Festival. Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 24 Januar 2008. . Retrieved on 25 Julie 2009. .
- ↑ Göteborg, Sweden to host the 2010 IFLA World Library and Information Congress, IFLA 8 July 2009
- ↑ Nationalencyklopedin (NE), The Swadish Naitional Encyclopedia (Most of this section is based on NE)
- ↑ 100 utmärkta hus i Göteborg, Manne Ekman & Margareta Rydbo, Göteborgs Stadsmuseum, Alfa Print AB, Sundbyberg 2007 ISBN 978-91-85488-78-0 s.78
- ↑ "Sweden Unzipped". New York Times 23 September 2007
- ↑ Information frae the tourist company Göteborg & Co, website www.goteborg.com
- ↑ Gamla Ullevi, Higabgruppen, website (Swedish) http://www.higab.se/fotbollsarenan/default.asp
- ↑ http://www.2010finamasters.org/ XIII FINA World Masters Championships 2010 website
- ↑ Partner Cities of Lyon and Greater Lyon. Mairie de Lyon (2008). Retrieved on 17 Julie 2009. .
[edit] Freemit airtins
- Goteborg.se – Ceety o Gothenburg wabsteid (Inglis)
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Gothenburg is ane o 133 places wi the historical ceety status in Swaden. |
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