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State o the Unitit States

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(Reguidit frae U.S. state)
Cairt o the Unitit States

A U.S. state (abbreviation o Unitit States state) is ony o the 50 federatit states o the Unitit States o Americae that share sovereignty wi the federal govrenment. Acause o this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen baith o the federal entity an o his or her state o domicile.[1] Fower states uise the offeecial title o commonweel rather than state. State ceetizenship is flexible an no govrenment approval is required tae muive atween states (wi the exception o convicts on parole).

The Unitit States Constitution allocates pouer atween thon twa levels o govrenment. Bi ratifyin the Constitution, the fowk transferred certain limited sovereign pouers tae the federal govrenment frae thair states. Unner the Tenth Amendment, aw pouers no delegatit tae the U.S. govrenment nor prohibitit tae the states are retained bi the states or the fowk. Historically, the tasks o public safety (in the sense o controllin creeme), public eddication, public heal, transportation, an infrastructur hae generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, awtho aw o thir nou hae significant federal fundin an regulation as well (based lairgely upon the Commerce Clause, the Taxin an Spendin Clause, an the Necessary an Proper Clause o the Constitution).

Ower time, the Constitution haes been amendit, an the interpretation an application o its provisions haes chynged. The general tendency haes been toward centralization an incorporation, wi the federal govrenment playin a muckler role nor it ance did. Thare is a continuin debate ower states' richts, that concerns the extent an naitur o the states' pouers an sovereignty in relation tae the federal govrenment as weel as the richts o individual bodys.

Congress micht admit new states on an equal fittin wi existin anes; housomeivver, it haesnae duin sae syne 1959. The Constitution is silent on the quaisten o gin states hae the pouer tae unilaterally lea, or secede frae, the Union, but the Supreme Court haes ruled[2][3] secession tae be unconstitutional, a poseetion driven in pairt bi the ootcome o the American Ceevil War.

States o the Unitit States o Americae
Name &
postal abbreviation[4]		 Ceeties Established[A] Population
[B][6]		 Total area[7] Laund area[7] Watter area[7] #
Reps.
Caipital Lairgest[8] mi2 km2 mi2 km2 mi2 km2
 Alabama AL Montgomery Birmingham Dec 14, 1819
4,874,747
 52,420135,767 50,645131,171 1,7754,597
7
 Alaska AK Juneau Anchorage Jan 3, 1959
739,795
 665,3841,723,337 570,6411,477,953 94,743245,384
1
 Arizona AZ Phoenix Feb 14, 1912
7,016,270
 113,990295,234 113,594294,207 3961,026
9
 Arkansas AR Little Rock Jun 15, 1836
3,004,279
 53,179137,732 52,035134,771 1,1432,961
4
 Californie CA Sacramento Los Angeles Sep 9, 1850
39,536,653
 163,695423,967 155,779403,466 7,91620,501
53
 Colorado CO Denver Aug 1, 1876
5,607,154
 104,094269,601 103,642268,431 4521,170
7
 Connecticut CT Hartford Bridgeport Jan 9, 1788
3,588,184
 5,54314,357 4,84212,542 7011,816
5
 Delaware DE Dover Wilmington Dec 7, 1787
961,939
 2,4896,446 1,9495,047 5401,399
1
 Florida FL Tallahassee Jacksonville Mar 3, 1845
20,984,400
 65,758170,312 53,625138,887 12,13331,424
27
 Georgie GA Atlanta Jan 2, 1788
10,429,379
 59,425153,910 57,513148,959 1,9124,951
14
 Hawaii HI Honolulu Aug 21, 1959
1,427,538
 10,93228,313 6,42316,635 4,50911,678
2
 Idaho ID Boise Jul 3, 1890
1,716,943
 83,569216,443 82,643214,045 9262,398
2
 Illinois IL Springfield Chicago Dec 3, 1818
12,802,023
 57,914149,995 55,519143,793 2,3956,202
18
 Indiana IN Indianapolis Dec 11, 1816
6,666,818
 36,42094,326 35,82692,789 5931,537
9
 Iowa IA Des Moines Dec 28, 1846
3,145,711
 56,273145,746 55,857144,669 4161,077
4
 Kansas KS Topeka Wichita Jan 29, 1861
2,913,123
 82,278213,100 81,759211,754 5201,346
4
 Kentucky[C] KY Frankfort Louisville Jun 1, 1792
4,454,189
 40,408104,656 39,486102,269 9212,387
6
 Louisiana LA Baton Rouge New Orleans Apr 30, 1812
4,684,333
 52,378135,659 43,204111,898 9,17423,761
6
 Maine ME Augusta Portland Mar 15, 1820
1,335,907
 35,38091,633 30,84379,883 4,53711,750
2
 Maryland MD Annapolis Baltimore Apr 28, 1788
6,052,177
 12,40632,131 9,70725,142 2,6996,990
8
 Massachusetts[C] MA Boston Feb 6, 1788
6,859,819
 10,55427,336 7,80020,202 2,7547,134
9
 Michigan MI Lansing Detroit Jan 26, 1837
9,962,311
 96,714250,487 56,539146,435 40,175104,052
14
 Minnesota MN St. Paul Minneapolis Mey 11, 1858
5,576,606
 86,936225,163 79,627206,232 7,30918,930
8
 Mississippi MS Jackson Dec 10, 1817
2,984,100
 48,432125,438 46,923121,531 1,5083,907
4
 Missouri MO Jefferson City Kansas City Aug 10, 1821
6,113,532
 69,707180,540 68,742178,040 9652,501
8
 Montana MT Helena Billings Nov 8, 1889
1,050,493
 147,040380,831 145,546376,962 1,4943,869
1
 Nebraska NE Lincoln Omaha Mar 1, 1867
1,920,076
 77,348200,330 76,824198,974 5241,356
3
 Nevada NV Carson City Las Vegas Oct 31, 1864
2,998,039
 110,572286,380 109,781284,332 7912,048
4
 New Hampshire NH Concord Manchester Jun 21, 1788
1,342,795
 9,34924,214 8,95323,187 3971,027
2
 New Jersey NJ Trenton Newark Dec 18, 1787
9,005,644
 8,72322,591 7,35419,047 1,3683,544
12
 New Mexico NM Santa Fe Albuquerque Jan 6, 1912
2,088,070
 121,590314,917 121,298314,161 292757
3
 New York NY Albany New York City Jul 26, 1788
19,849,399
 54,555141,297 47,126122,057 7,42919,240
27
 North Carolina NC Raleigh Charlotte Nov 21, 1789
10,273,419
 53,819139,391 48,618125,920 5,20113,471
13
 North Dakota ND Bismarck Fargo Nov 2, 1889
755,393
 70,698183,108 69,001178,711 1,6984,397
1
 Ohio OH Columbus Mar 1, 1803
11,658,609
 44,826116,098 40,861105,829 3,96510,269
16
 Oklahoma OK Oklahoma Ceety Nov 16, 1907
3,930,864
 69,899181,037 68,595177,660 1,3043,377
5
 Oregon OR Salem Portland Feb 14, 1859
4,142,776
 98,379254,799 95,988248,608 2,3916,191
5
 Pennsylvanie[C] PA Harrisburg Philadelphia Dec 12, 1787
12,805,537
 46,054119,280 44,743115,883 1,3123,397
18
 Rhode Island RI Providence Mey 29, 1790
1,059,639
 1,5454,001 1,0342,678 5111,324
2
 Sooth Carolina SC Columbia Charleston Mey 23, 1788
5,024,369
 32,02082,933 30,06177,857 1,9605,076
7
 Sooth Dakota SD Pierre Sioux Falls Nov 2, 1889
869,666
 77,116199,729 75,811196,350 1,3053,379
1
 Tennessee TN Nashville Jun 1, 1796
6,715,984
 42,144109,153 41,235106,798 9092,355
9
 Texas TX Austin Houston Dec 29, 1845
28,304,596
 268,596695,662 261,232676,587 7,36519,075
36
 Utah UT Salt Lake City Jan 4, 1896
3,101,833
 84,897219,882 82,170212,818 2,7277,064
4
 Vermont VT Montpelier Burlington Mar 4, 1791
623,657
 9,61624,906 9,21723,871 4001,035
1
 Virginie[C] VA Richmond Virginia Beach Jun 25, 1788
8,470,020
 42,775110,787 39,490102,279 3,2858,508
11
 Washington WA Olympia Seattle Nov 11, 1889
7,405,743
 71,298184,661 66,456172,119 4,84212,542
10
 Wast Virginie WV Charleston Jun 20, 1863
1,815,857
 24,23062,756 24,03862,259 192497
3
 Wisconsin WI Madison Milwaukee Mey 29, 1848
5,795,483
 65,496169,635 54,158140,268 11,33929,367
8
 Wyoming WY Cheyenne Jul 10, 1890
579,315
 97,813253,335 97,093251,470 7201,864
1
  1. ↑ The oreeginal 13 states becam sovereign in Julie 1776 upon greein tae the Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom, an ilk jynt the first Union o states atween 1777 an 1781, upon ratifeein the Airticles o Confederation.[5] Thir states are presentit in the order in that each ratifee'd the 1787 Constitution, sicweys jynin the present federal Union o states. Subsequent states are leetit in the order o thair admission tae the Union, an the date gien is the offeecial establishment date set bi Act o Congress. For forder details, see Leet o U.S. states bi date o admission tae the Union
  2. ↑ 2017 estimate
  3. 1 2 3 4 Uses the term "commonwealth" raither nor "state" in its full offeecial name.

References

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  1. ↑ See the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
  2. ↑ Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan, Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession, p. 222, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007.
  3. ↑ Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1868) at Cornell University Law School Supreme Court collection.
  4. ↑ "Appendix B: Two–Letter State and possession Abbreviations". Postal Addressing Standards. Washington, D.C.: United States Postal Service. Mey 2015. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  5. ↑ Jensen, Merrill (1959). The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. xi, 184. ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6.
  6. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2017. Archived frae the original on 9 Apryle 2018. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  7. 1 2 3 "State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018. ... provides land, water and total area measurements for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Island Areas. The area measurements were derived from the Census Bureau's Master Address File/Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER®) database. The land and water areas, ... reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER® database through August, 2010.
  8. ↑ "State and Local Government Finances and Employment" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2012. p. 284. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 8 Julie 2013. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help)

Further readin

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  • Stein, Mark, How the States Got Their Shapes, New York : Smithsonian Beuks/Collins, 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-143138-8

Freemit airtins

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