State o the Unitit States
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A U.S. state (abbreviation o Unitit States state) is ony o the 50 federatit states o the Unitit States o Americae that share sovereignty wi the federal govrenment. Acause o this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen baith o the federal entity an o his or her state o domicile.[1] Fower states uise the offeecial title o commonweel rather than state. State ceetizenship is flexible an no govrenment approval is required tae muive atween states (wi the exception o convicts on parole).
The Unitit States Constitution allocates pouer atween thon twa levels o govrenment. Bi ratifyin the Constitution, the fowk transferred certain limited sovereign pouers tae the federal govrenment frae thair states. Unner the Tenth Amendment, aw pouers no delegatit tae the U.S. govrenment nor prohibitit tae the states are retained bi the states or the fowk. Historically, the tasks o public safety (in the sense o controllin creeme), public eddication, public heal, transportation, an infrastructur hae generally been considered primarily state responsibilities, awtho aw o thir nou hae significant federal fundin an regulation as well (based lairgely upon the Commerce Clause, the Taxin an Spendin Clause, an the Necessary an Proper Clause o the Constitution).
Ower time, the Constitution haes been amendit, an the interpretation an application o its provisions haes chynged. The general tendency haes been toward centralization an incorporation, wi the federal govrenment playin a muckler role nor it ance did. Thare is a continuin debate ower states' richts, that concerns the extent an naitur o the states' pouers an sovereignty in relation tae the federal govrenment as weel as the richts o individual bodys.
Congress micht admit new states on an equal fittin wi existin anes; housomeivver, it haesnae duin sae syne 1959. The Constitution is silent on the quaisten o gin states hae the pouer tae unilaterally lea, or secede frae, the Union, but the Supreme Court haes ruled[2][3] secession tae be unconstitutional, a poseetion driven in pairt bi the ootcome o the American Ceevil War.
States
[eedit | eedit soorce]Name & postal abbreviation[4] |
Ceeties | Established[A] | Population [B][6] |
Total area[7] | Laund area[7] | Watter area[7] | # Reps. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caipital | Lairgest[8] | mi2 | km2 | mi2 | km2 | mi2 | km2 | |||||
Alabama | AL | Montgomery | Birmingham | Dec 14, 1819 | 4,874,747
|
52,420 | 135,767 | 50,645 | 131,171 | 1,775 | 4,597 | 7
|
Alaska | AK | Juneau | Anchorage | Jan 3, 1959 | 739,795
|
665,384 | 1,723,337 | 570,641 | 1,477,953 | 94,743 | 245,384 | 1
|
Arizona | AZ | Phoenix | Feb 14, 1912 | 7,016,270
|
113,990 | 295,234 | 113,594 | 294,207 | 396 | 1,026 | 9
| |
Arkansas | AR | Little Rock | Jun 15, 1836 | 3,004,279
|
53,179 | 137,732 | 52,035 | 134,771 | 1,143 | 2,961 | 4
| |
Californie | CA | Sacramento | Los Angeles | Sep 9, 1850 | 39,536,653
|
163,695 | 423,967 | 155,779 | 403,466 | 7,916 | 20,501 | 53
|
Colorado | CO | Denver | Aug 1, 1876 | 5,607,154
|
104,094 | 269,601 | 103,642 | 268,431 | 452 | 1,170 | 7
| |
Connecticut | CT | Hartford | Bridgeport | Jan 9, 1788 | 3,588,184
|
5,543 | 14,357 | 4,842 | 12,542 | 701 | 1,816 | 5
|
Delaware | DE | Dover | Wilmington | Dec 7, 1787 | 961,939
|
2,489 | 6,446 | 1,949 | 5,047 | 540 | 1,399 | 1
|
Florida | FL | Tallahassee | Jacksonville | Mar 3, 1845 | 20,984,400
|
65,758 | 170,312 | 53,625 | 138,887 | 12,133 | 31,424 | 27
|
Georgie | GA | Atlanta | Jan 2, 1788 | 10,429,379
|
59,425 | 153,910 | 57,513 | 148,959 | 1,912 | 4,951 | 14
| |
Hawaii | HI | Honolulu | Aug 21, 1959 | 1,427,538
|
10,932 | 28,313 | 6,423 | 16,635 | 4,509 | 11,678 | 2
| |
Idaho | ID | Boise | Jul 3, 1890 | 1,716,943
|
83,569 | 216,443 | 82,643 | 214,045 | 926 | 2,398 | 2
| |
Illinois | IL | Springfield | Chicago | Dec 3, 1818 | 12,802,023
|
57,914 | 149,995 | 55,519 | 143,793 | 2,395 | 6,202 | 18
|
Indiana | IN | Indianapolis | Dec 11, 1816 | 6,666,818
|
36,420 | 94,326 | 35,826 | 92,789 | 593 | 1,537 | 9
| |
Iowa | IA | Des Moines | Dec 28, 1846 | 3,145,711
|
56,273 | 145,746 | 55,857 | 144,669 | 416 | 1,077 | 4
| |
Kansas | KS | Topeka | Wichita | Jan 29, 1861 | 2,913,123
|
82,278 | 213,100 | 81,759 | 211,754 | 520 | 1,346 | 4
|
Kentucky[C] | KY | Frankfort | Louisville | Jun 1, 1792 | 4,454,189
|
40,408 | 104,656 | 39,486 | 102,269 | 921 | 2,387 | 6
|
Louisiana | LA | Baton Rouge | New Orleans | Apr 30, 1812 | 4,684,333
|
52,378 | 135,659 | 43,204 | 111,898 | 9,174 | 23,761 | 6
|
Maine | ME | Augusta | Portland | Mar 15, 1820 | 1,335,907
|
35,380 | 91,633 | 30,843 | 79,883 | 4,537 | 11,750 | 2
|
Maryland | MD | Annapolis | Baltimore | Apr 28, 1788 | 6,052,177
|
12,406 | 32,131 | 9,707 | 25,142 | 2,699 | 6,990 | 8
|
Massachusetts[C] | MA | Boston | Feb 6, 1788 | 6,859,819
|
10,554 | 27,336 | 7,800 | 20,202 | 2,754 | 7,134 | 9
| |
Michigan | MI | Lansing | Detroit | Jan 26, 1837 | 9,962,311
|
96,714 | 250,487 | 56,539 | 146,435 | 40,175 | 104,052 | 14
|
Minnesota | MN | St. Paul | Minneapolis | Mey 11, 1858 | 5,576,606
|
86,936 | 225,163 | 79,627 | 206,232 | 7,309 | 18,930 | 8
|
Mississippi | MS | Jackson | Dec 10, 1817 | 2,984,100
|
48,432 | 125,438 | 46,923 | 121,531 | 1,508 | 3,907 | 4
| |
Missouri | MO | Jefferson City | Kansas City | Aug 10, 1821 | 6,113,532
|
69,707 | 180,540 | 68,742 | 178,040 | 965 | 2,501 | 8
|
Montana | MT | Helena | Billings | Nov 8, 1889 | 1,050,493
|
147,040 | 380,831 | 145,546 | 376,962 | 1,494 | 3,869 | 1
|
Nebraska | NE | Lincoln | Omaha | Mar 1, 1867 | 1,920,076
|
77,348 | 200,330 | 76,824 | 198,974 | 524 | 1,356 | 3
|
Nevada | NV | Carson City | Las Vegas | Oct 31, 1864 | 2,998,039
|
110,572 | 286,380 | 109,781 | 284,332 | 791 | 2,048 | 4
|
New Hampshire | NH | Concord | Manchester | Jun 21, 1788 | 1,342,795
|
9,349 | 24,214 | 8,953 | 23,187 | 397 | 1,027 | 2
|
New Jersey | NJ | Trenton | Newark | Dec 18, 1787 | 9,005,644
|
8,723 | 22,591 | 7,354 | 19,047 | 1,368 | 3,544 | 12
|
New Mexico | NM | Santa Fe | Albuquerque | Jan 6, 1912 | 2,088,070
|
121,590 | 314,917 | 121,298 | 314,161 | 292 | 757 | 3
|
New York | NY | Albany | New York City | Jul 26, 1788 | 19,849,399
|
54,555 | 141,297 | 47,126 | 122,057 | 7,429 | 19,240 | 27
|
North Carolina | NC | Raleigh | Charlotte | Nov 21, 1789 | 10,273,419
|
53,819 | 139,391 | 48,618 | 125,920 | 5,201 | 13,471 | 13
|
North Dakota | ND | Bismarck | Fargo | Nov 2, 1889 | 755,393
|
70,698 | 183,108 | 69,001 | 178,711 | 1,698 | 4,397 | 1
|
Ohio | OH | Columbus | Mar 1, 1803 | 11,658,609
|
44,826 | 116,098 | 40,861 | 105,829 | 3,965 | 10,269 | 16
| |
Oklahoma | OK | Oklahoma Ceety | Nov 16, 1907 | 3,930,864
|
69,899 | 181,037 | 68,595 | 177,660 | 1,304 | 3,377 | 5
| |
Oregon | OR | Salem | Portland | Feb 14, 1859 | 4,142,776
|
98,379 | 254,799 | 95,988 | 248,608 | 2,391 | 6,191 | 5
|
Pennsylvanie[C] | PA | Harrisburg | Philadelphia | Dec 12, 1787 | 12,805,537
|
46,054 | 119,280 | 44,743 | 115,883 | 1,312 | 3,397 | 18
|
Rhode Island | RI | Providence | Mey 29, 1790 | 1,059,639
|
1,545 | 4,001 | 1,034 | 2,678 | 511 | 1,324 | 2
| |
Sooth Carolina | SC | Columbia | Charleston | Mey 23, 1788 | 5,024,369
|
32,020 | 82,933 | 30,061 | 77,857 | 1,960 | 5,076 | 7
|
Sooth Dakota | SD | Pierre | Sioux Falls | Nov 2, 1889 | 869,666
|
77,116 | 199,729 | 75,811 | 196,350 | 1,305 | 3,379 | 1
|
Tennessee | TN | Nashville | Jun 1, 1796 | 6,715,984
|
42,144 | 109,153 | 41,235 | 106,798 | 909 | 2,355 | 9
| |
Texas | TX | Austin | Houston | Dec 29, 1845 | 28,304,596
|
268,596 | 695,662 | 261,232 | 676,587 | 7,365 | 19,075 | 36
|
Utah | UT | Salt Lake City | Jan 4, 1896 | 3,101,833
|
84,897 | 219,882 | 82,170 | 212,818 | 2,727 | 7,064 | 4
| |
Vermont | VT | Montpelier | Burlington | Mar 4, 1791 | 623,657
|
9,616 | 24,906 | 9,217 | 23,871 | 400 | 1,035 | 1
|
Virginie[C] | VA | Richmond | Virginia Beach | Jun 25, 1788 | 8,470,020
|
42,775 | 110,787 | 39,490 | 102,279 | 3,285 | 8,508 | 11
|
Washington | WA | Olympia | Seattle | Nov 11, 1889 | 7,405,743
|
71,298 | 184,661 | 66,456 | 172,119 | 4,842 | 12,542 | 10
|
Wast Virginie | WV | Charleston | Jun 20, 1863 | 1,815,857
|
24,230 | 62,756 | 24,038 | 62,259 | 192 | 497 | 3
| |
Wisconsin | WI | Madison | Milwaukee | Mey 29, 1848 | 5,795,483
|
65,496 | 169,635 | 54,158 | 140,268 | 11,339 | 29,367 | 8
|
Wyoming | WY | Cheyenne | Jul 10, 1890 | 579,315
|
97,813 | 253,335 | 97,093 | 251,470 | 720 | 1,864 | 1
|
Notes
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ The oreeginal 13 states becam sovereign in Julie 1776 upon greein tae the Unitit States Declaration o Unthirldom, an ilk jynt the first Union o states atween 1777 an 1781, upon ratifeein the Airticles o Confederation.[5] Thir states are presentit in the order in that each ratifee'd the 1787 Constitution, sicweys jynin the present federal Union o states. Subsequent states are leetit in the order o thair admission tae the Union, an the date gien is the offeecial establishment date set bi Act o Congress. For forder details, see Leet o U.S. states bi date o admission tae the Union
- ↑ 2017 estimate
- ↑ a b c d Uses the term "commonwealth" raither nor "state" in its full offeecial name.
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ See the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
- ↑ Aleksandar Pavković, Peter Radan, Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession, p. 222, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2007.
- ↑ Texas v. White, 74 U.S. 700 (1868) at Cornell University Law School Supreme Court collection.
- ↑ "Appendix B: Two–Letter State and possession Abbreviations". Postal Addressing Standards. Washington, D.C.: United States Postal Service. Mey 2015. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
- ↑ Jensen, Merrill (1959). The Articles of Confederation: An Interpretation of the Social-Constitutional History of the American Revolution, 1774–1781. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. xi, 184. ISBN 978-0-299-00204-6.
- ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2017. Archived frae the original on 9 Apryle 2018. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
- ↑ a b c "State Area Measurements and Internal Point Coordinates". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
... provides land, water and total area measurements for the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the Island Areas. The area measurements were derived from the Census Bureau's Master Address File/Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER®) database. The land and water areas, ... reflect base feature updates made in the MAF/TIGER® database through August, 2010.
- ↑ "State and Local Government Finances and Employment" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2012. p. 284. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 8 Julie 2013. Unknown parameter
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ignored (help)
Further readin
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Stein, Mark, How the States Got Their Shapes, New York : Smithsonian Beuks/Collins, 2008. ISBN 978-0-06-143138-8
Freemit airtins
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Information aboot Aw States Archived 2009-07-24 at the Wayback Machine frae UCB Libraries GovPubs
- State Resource Guides, frae the Library o Congress
- Tables wi auries, populations, densities an mair (in order o population) Archived 2003-10-18 at the Wayback Machine
- Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (alphabetical) Archived 2003-08-31 at the Wayback Machine
- State an Territorial Govrenments on USA.gov
- StateMaster – statistical database for US States. Archived 2012-06-16 at the Wayback Machine
- U.S. States: Comparisons, rankins, demographics Archived 2015-10-23 at the Wayback Machine
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