Tungsten

Tungsten, ₇₄W
Tungsten
Pronunciation	/ˈtʌŋstən/ (TUNG-stən)
Appearance	grayish white, lustrous
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(W)	183.84(1)
Mass number	W:
Tungsten in the periodic cairt
	tantalum ← tungsten → rhenium
Atomic nummer (Z)	74
Group	group 6
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Element category	Transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	3695 K (3422 °C, 6192 °F)
Bylin pynt	5828 K (5555 °C, 10031 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	19.25 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	17.6 g/cm3
Creetical pynt	13892 K, MPa
Heat o fusion	35.3 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	806.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	24.27 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−4, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6 (a mildly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.36
Atomic radius	empirical: 139 pm
Covalent radius	162±7 pm
	Spectral lines o tungsten
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	W: Primordial
Creestal structur	body-centred cubic (bcc)
Speed o soond thin rod	(annealed) 4620 m/s (at r.t.)
Thermal expansion	4.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	173 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	52.8 n Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	411 GPa
Shear modulus	161 GPa
Bulk modulus	310 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.28
Mohs haurdness	7.5
Vickers haurdness	3430 MPa
Brinell haurdness	2570 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-33-7
History
Diskivery	Torbern Bergman (1781)
First isolation	Juan José Elhuyar an Fausto Elhuyar (1783)
Main isotopes o tungsten
(β−β−)	186Os
	Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed
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Tungsten, kent as wolfram an aa, is a chemical element wi the chemical seembol W an atomic nummer 74. The wird tungsten comes frae the Swadish leid tung sten directly translatable tae hivy stane,^[5] tho the name is volfram in Swadish tae distinguish it frae Scheelite, which in Swadish is alternatively named tungsten.

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
↑ Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.
↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.
↑ "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Retrieved 15 Juin 2008.
↑ "Tungsten". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public leebrar membership required.)

[CIAAW2013-1] Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

[2] Berger, Dan. "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Bluffton College, USA.

[3] Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition, CRC press.

[4] "Why does Tungsten not 'Kick' up an electron from the s sublevel ?". Retrieved 15 Juin 2008.

[5] "Tungsten". Oxford English Dictionary (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. September 2005. (Subscription or UK public leebrar membership required.)

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