Hydrogen

Hydrogen, ₁H
	Purpie glow in its plasma state
Hydrogen
Appearance	colorless gas
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(H)	[1.00784, 1.00811] conventional: 1.008
Mass number	H:
Hydrogen in the periodic cairt
	– ← hydrogen → helium
Atomic nummer (Z)	1
Group	group 1
Period	period 1
Block	s-block
Element category	Reactive nonmetal
Electron confeeguration	1s1
Electrons per shell	1
Pheesical properties
Colour	colorless
Phase at STP	gas
Meltin pynt	13.99 K (−259.16 °C, −434.49 °F)
Bylin pynt	20.271 K (−252.879 °C, −423.182 °F)
Density (at STP)	0.08988 g/L
when liquid (at m.p.)	0.07 g/cm3 (solit: 0.0763 g/cm3)
whan liquid (at b.p.)	0.07099 g/cm3
Treeple pynt	13.8033 K, 7.041 kPa
Creetical pynt	32.938 K, 1.2858 MPa
Heat o fusion	(H2) 0.117 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	(H2) 0.904 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	(H2) 28.836 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−1, +1 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.20
Ionisation energies	1st: 1312.0 kJ/mol ; ;
Covalent radius	31±5 pm
Van der Waals radius	120 pm
	Spectral lines o hydrogen
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	H: Primordial
Creestal structur	hexagonal
Speed o soond	1310 m/s (gas, 27 °C)
Thermal conductivity	0.1805 W/(m·K)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	−3.98·10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
CAS Nummer	12385-13-6 ; 1333-74-0 (H2)
History
Diskivery	Henry Cavendish (1766)
Named by	Antoine Lavoisier (1783)
Main isotopes o hydrogen
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Hydrogen is the least wechtie atom in the universe, wi the atomic nummer o 1. It haes the seembol H, an a atomic wecht o 1.007 94 u. Hydrogen is aften lik tae burn an gin it burns in air, it jynes wi oxygen tae mak watter.

Hydrogen gas (H2) wis first made bi human haunds in the 16t century frae the kirnin o metals wi strang acids. In 1766-1781, Henry Cavendish wis the first ane ti ken that hydrogen gas is a discreet thing. Yin o the ideas for replacin motor fuel is tae uise hydrogen insteid, sin fuel maks orra gasses whan it burns, but hydrogen juist maks watter. Acause o this, we caw the element hydrogen, that beirs "watter-shaper" in Greek.

Tho hydrogen is the maist common atom in the universe, makin aboot 75% o the universe's maess. Maist hydrogen is grippit in starns, sae bodies canna get uise o it.

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

↑ Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 240. ISBN 0123526515.
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
↑ "Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 0-471-61525-0.
↑ Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
↑ Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–21. ISBN 0-19-508083-1.
↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. Cite uses deprecated parameter |displayauthors= (help)

[1] Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick (2001). Inorganic chemistry. Academic Press. p. 240. ISBN 0123526515.

[2] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[3] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[Nostrand-4] "Hydrogen". Van Nostrand's Encyclopedia of Chemistry. Wylie-Interscience. 2005. pp. 797–799. ISBN 0-471-61525-0.

[nbb-5] Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 183–191. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.

[Stwertka-6] Stwertka, Albert (1996). A Guide to the Elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 16–21. ISBN 0-19-508083-1.

[CIAAW2013-7] Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. Cite uses deprecated parameter |displayauthors= (help)

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Hydrogen

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

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