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Dysprosium

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Dysprosium, 66Dy
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image/alt
Dysprosium
Pronunciation/dɪsˈprziəm/ (dis-PROH-zee-əm)
Appearancesillery white
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Dy)162.500(1)[1]
Dysprosium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
-

Dy

Cf
terbiumdysprosiumholmium
Atomic nummer (Z)66
Groupgroup n/a
Periodperiod 6
Blockf-block
Element category  Lanthanide
Electron confeeguration[Xe] 4f10 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STPsolit
Meltin pynt1680 K ​(1407 °C, ​2565 °F)
Bylin pynt2840 K ​(2562 °C, ​4653 °F)
Density (near r.t.)8.540 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)8.37 g/cm3
Heat o fusion11.06 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation280 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity27.7 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 1378 1523 (1704) (1954) (2304) (2831)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4 waikly basic
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.22
Atomic radiusempirical: 178 pm
Covalent radius192±7 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o dysprosium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structurhexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Hexagonal close packed creestal structur for dysprosium
Speed o soond thin rod2710 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion(r.t.) (α, poly) 9.9 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity10.7 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity(r.t.) (α, poly) 926 n Ω·m
Magnetic orderinparamagnetic at 300 K
Young's modulus(α form) 61.4 GPa
Shear modulus(α form) 24.7 GPa
Bulk modulus(α form) 40.5 GPa
Poisson ratio(α form) 0.247
Vickers haurdness540 MPa
Brinell haurdness500 MPa
CAS Nummer7429-91-6
History
DiskiveryLecoq de Boisbaudran (1886)
Main isotopes o dysprosium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
154Dy syn 3.0×106 y α 150Gd
156Dy 0.06% >1×1018 y α 152Gd
β+β+ 156Gd
158Dy 0.10% stable
160Dy 2.34% stable
161Dy 18.91% stable
162Dy 25.51% stable
163Dy 24.90% stable
164Dy 28.18% stable
| references

Dysprosium is a chemical element wi the seembol Dy an atomic nummer 66. It is a rare yird element wi a metallic siller luster. Dysprosium is never foond in naitur as a free element, tho it is foond in sindry minerals, sic as xenotime. Naiturally occurrin dysprosium is componed o 7 isotopes, the maist abundant o which is 164Dy.

Dysprosium wis first identified in 1886 bi Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, but wis nae isolatit in pur fairm till the development o ion exchange techniques in the 1950s. Dysprosium is uised for its heich thermal neutron absorption cross-section in makin control rods in nuclear reactors, for its heich magnetic susceptibility in data storage applications, an as a component o Terfenol-D. Soluble dysprosium salts are mildly toxic, while the insoluble salts are considered non-toxic.

Freemit airtins

[eedit | eedit soorce]
  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce, Pm, Eu, Tm, Yb have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017.