Bismuth

Bismuth,  ₈₃Bi

General properties
Name, seembol	bismuth, Bi
Appearance	lustrous siller
Pronunciation	/ˈbɪzməθ/ BIZ-məth
Bismuth in the periodic cairt
Sb ↑ Bi ↓ Uup lead ← bismuth → polonium
Atomic nummer (Z)	83
Group, block	group 15 (pnictogens), p-block
Period	period 6
Element category	puir metal
Staundart atomic wicht (±) (Ar)	208.98040(1)
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Pheesical properties
Phase	solid
Meltin pynt	544.7 K ​(271.5 °C, ​520.7 °F)
Bylin pynt	1837 K ​(1564 °C, ​2847 °F)
Density near r.t.	9.78 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	10.05 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	11.30 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	151 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.52 J/(mol·K)
vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 941 1041 1165 1325 1538 1835
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	5, 4, 3, 2, 1 ​mildly acidic oxide
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 2.02
Ionisation energies	(mair)
Atomic radius	empirical: 156 pm
Covalent radius	148±4 pm
Van der Waals radius	207 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structur	​rhombohedral
Speed o soond thin rod	1790 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	13.4 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	7.97 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	1.29 µ Ω·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderin	diamagnetic
Young's modulus	32 GPa
Shear modulus	12 GPa
Bulk modulus	31 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.33
Mohs haurdness	2.25
Brinell haurdness	94.2 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-69-9
History
Discovery	Claude François Geoffroy (1753)
Maist stable isotopes o bismuth
iso NA hauf-life DM DE (MeV) DP 207Bi syn 31.55 y β+ 2.399 207Pb 208Bi syn 3.68×105 y β+ 2.880 208Pb 209Bi 100% 1.9×1019 y α 3.137 205Tl 210Bi trace 5.012 d β− 1.426 210Po α 5.982 206Tl 210mBi syn 3.04×106 y IT 0.271 210Bi α 6.253 206Tl

Bismuth is a chemical element wi seembol Bi an atomic nummer 83. Bismuth, a pentavalent puir metal, chemically resembles arsenic an antimony. Elemental bismuth mey occur naiturally, tho its sulfide an oxide furm important commercial ores. The free element is 86% sae dense as leid. It is a brickle metal wi a siller white colour whan freshly produced, but is aften seen in air wi a pink tinge awin tae surface oxidation. Bismuth is the maist naiturally diamagnetic element an haes ane o the lawest values o thermal conductivity oot o aw metals.