Template:Infobox thulium

Thulium, ₆₉Tm

Thulium
Pronunciation	/ˈθjuːliəm/ ​(THEW-lee-əm)
Appearance	silvery gray
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Tm)	7002168934218000000♠168.934218(6)
Thulium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium - ↑ Tm ↓ Md erbium ← thulium → ytterbium
Atomic nummer (Z)	69
Group	group n/a
Period	period 6
Block	f-block
Element category	Lanthanide
Electron confeeguration	[Xe] 4f13 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STP	solit
Meltin pynt	1818 K ​(1545 °C, ​2813 °F)
Bylin pynt	2223 K ​(1950 °C, ​3542 °F)
Density (near r.t.)	9.32 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	8.56 g/cm3
Heat o fusion	16.84 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation	247 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	27.03 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 1117 1235 1381 1570 (1821) (2217)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+2, +3 (a basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.25
Atomic radius	empirical: 176 pm
Covalent radius	190±10 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range Spectral lines o thulium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrence	primordial
Creestal structur	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Thermal expansion	(r.t.) (poly) 13.3 µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity	16.9 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	(r.t.) (poly) 676 n Ω·m
Magnetic orderin	paramagnetic at 300 K
Young's modulus	74.0 GPa
Shear modulus	30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.213
Vickers haurdness	520 MPa
Brinell haurdness	471 MPa
CAS Nummer	7440-30-4
History
Diskivery	Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
First isolation	Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
Main isotopes o thulium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 167Tm syn 9.25 d ε 167Er 168Tm syn 93.1 d ε 168Er 169Tm 100% - (α) 165Ho 170Tm syn 128.6 d β− 170Yb 171Tm syn 1.92 y β− 171Yb
Decay modes in parentheses are predictit, but hae nae yet been observed

style="text-align:left"| data m.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	1545	—	—
K	1818	1818	0
F	2813	2813	0
WD	!
input	C: 1545, K: 1818, F: 2813
comment

style="text-align:left"| data b.p. cat
	in	calc from C	diff	report	ref
C	1950	—	—
K	2223	2220	3
F	3542	3540	2
WD	!
input	C: 1950, K: 2223, F: 3542
comment

References

Thir references will appear in the airticle, but this list appears anerly on this page.