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Rubidium, 37Rb |
| Rubidium |
|---|
| Pronunciation | (roo-BID-ee-əm) |
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| Appearance | grey white |
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| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Rb) | 7001854678000000000♠85.4678(3)[1] |
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| Rubidium in the periodic cairt |
|---|
|
|
| Atomic nummer (Z) | 37 |
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| Group | group 1 (alkali metals) |
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| Period | period 5 |
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| Block | s-block |
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| Element category | Alkali metal |
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| Electron confeeguration | [Kr] 5s1 |
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| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 |
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| Pheesical properties |
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| Phase at STP | solit |
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| Meltin pynt | 312.45 K (39.30 °C, 102.74 °F) |
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| Bylin pynt | 961 K (688 °C, 1270 °F) |
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| Density (near r.t.) | 1.532 g/cm3 |
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| when liquid (at m.p.) | 1.46 g/cm3 |
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| Treeple pynt | 312.41 K, ? kPa[2] |
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| Creetical pynt | 2093 K, 16 MPa (extrapolatit)[2] |
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| Heat o fusion | 2.19 kJ/mol |
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| Heat o vapourisation | 69 kJ/mol |
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| Molar heat capacity | 31.060 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapour pressur
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
434
|
486
|
552
|
641
|
769
|
958
|
|
| Atomic properties |
|---|
| Oxidation states | −1, +1 strangly basic |
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| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.82 |
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| Ionisation energies | - 1st: 403 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 2632.1 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 3859.4 kJ/mol
-
|
|---|
| Atomic radius | empirical: 248 pm |
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| Covalent radius | 220±9 pm |
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| Van der Waals radius | 303 pm |
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 Colour lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines o rubidium |
| Ither properties |
|---|
| Naitural occurrence | primordial |
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| Creestal structur | body-centred cubic (bcc) |
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| Speed o soond thin rod | 1300 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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| Thermal expansion | 90 µm/(m·K)[3] (at r.t.) |
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| Thermal conductivity | 58.2 W/(m·K) |
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| Electrical resistivity | 128 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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| Magnetic orderin | paramagnetic[4] |
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| Young's modulus | 2.4 GPa |
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| Bulk modulus | 2.5 GPa |
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| Mohs haurdness | 0.3 |
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| Brinell haurdness | 0.216 MPa |
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| CAS Nummer | 7440-17-7 |
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| History |
|---|
| Diskivery | Robert Bunsen an Gustav Kirchhoff (1861) |
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| First isolation | George de Hevesy |
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| Main isotopes o rubidium |
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|
|
| | references |
| style="text-align:left"|
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|
|
in
|
calc from C
|
diff
|
report
|
ref
|
| C
|
39.30
|
—
|
—
|
|
|
| K
|
312.45
|
312.45
|
0
|
|
|
| F
|
102.74
|
102.74
|
0
|
|
|
| WD
|
String Module Error: Target string is empty ! 
|
|
|
|
| input
|
C: 39.30, K: 312.45, F: 102.74
|
| comment
|
|
| style="text-align:left"|
|
|
|
in
|
calc from C
|
diff
|
report
|
ref
|
| C
|
688
|
—
|
—
|
|
|
| K
|
961
|
961
|
0
|
|
|
| F
|
1270
|
1270
|
0
|
|
|
| WD
|
String Module Error: Target string is empty !
|
|
|
|
| input
|
C: 688, K: 961, F: 1270
|
| comment
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|
References
Thir references will appear in the airticle, but this list appears anerly on this page.
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ a b Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nt ed.). CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1439855110.
- ↑ http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~msci301/ThermalExpansion.pdf
- ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
