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Copper, 29Cu |
| Copper |
|---|
| Appearance | reid-orange metallic luster |
|---|
| Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Cu) | 7001635460000000000♠63.546(3)[1] |
|---|
| Copper in the periodic cairt |
|---|
|
|
| Atomic nummer (Z) | 29 |
|---|
| Group | group 11 |
|---|
| Period | period 4 |
|---|
| Block | d-block |
|---|
| Element category | Transeetion metal |
|---|
| Electron confeeguration | [Ar] 3d10 4s1 |
|---|
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 1 |
|---|
| Pheesical properties |
|---|
| Phase at STP | solit |
|---|
| Meltin pynt | 1357.77 K (1084.62 °C, 1984.32 °F) |
|---|
| Bylin pynt | 2835 K (2562 °C, 4643 °F) |
|---|
| Density (near r.t.) | 8.96 g/cm3 |
|---|
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 8.02 g/cm3 |
|---|
| Heat o fusion | 13.26 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Heat o vapourisation | 300.4 kJ/mol |
|---|
| Molar heat capacity | 24.440 J/(mol·K) |
|---|
Vapour pressur
| P (Pa)
|
1
|
10
|
100
|
1 k
|
10 k
|
100 k
|
| at T (K)
|
1509
|
1661
|
1850
|
2089
|
2404
|
2834
|
|
| Atomic properties |
|---|
| Oxidation states | −2, 0,[2] +1, +2, +3, +4 (a mildly basic oxide) |
|---|
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.90 |
|---|
| Ionisation energies | |
|---|
| Atomic radius | empirical: 128 pm |
|---|
| Covalent radius | 132±4 pm |
|---|
| Van der Waals radius | 140 pm |
|---|
 Colour lines in a spectral rangeSpectral lines o copper |
| Ither properties |
|---|
| Naitural occurrence | primordial |
|---|
| Creestal structur | face-centred cubic (fcc) |
|---|
| Speed o soond thin rod | (annealed)
3810 m/s (at r.t.) |
|---|
| Thermal expansion | 16.5 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
|---|
| Thermal conductivity | 401 W/(m·K) |
|---|
| Electrical resistivity | 16.78 n Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
|---|
| Magnetic orderin | diamagnetic[3] |
|---|
| Young's modulus | 110–128 GPa |
|---|
| Shear modulus | 48 GPa |
|---|
| Bulk modulus | 140 GPa |
|---|
| Poisson ratio | 0.34 |
|---|
| Mohs haurdness | 3.0 |
|---|
| Vickers haurdness | 369 MPa |
|---|
| Brinell haurdness | 35 HB = 874 MPa |
|---|
| CAS Nummer | 7440-50-8 |
|---|
| History |
|---|
| Diskivery | Middle Eastrens (9000 BC) |
|---|
| Main isotopes o copper |
|---|
|
|
| | references |
| style="text-align:left"|
|
|
|
in
|
calc from C
|
diff
|
report
|
ref
|
| C
|
1084.62
|
—
|
—
|
|
|
| K
|
1357.77
|
1357.77
|
0
|
|
|
| F
|
1984.32
|
1984.32
|
0
|
|
|
| WD
|
1981 !1981 Fahrenheit 1085 Celsius 
|
|
|
|
| input
|
C: 1084.62, K: 1357.77, F: 1984.32
|
| comment
|
|
| style="text-align:left"|
|
|
|
in
|
calc from C
|
diff
|
report
|
ref
|
| C
|
2562
|
—
|
—
|
|
|
| K
|
2835
|
2835
|
0
|
|
|
| F
|
4643
|
4644
|
-1
|
delta
|
|
| WD
|
4703 !4703 Fahrenheit 2595 Celsius
|
|
|
[4]
|
| input
|
C: 2562, K: 2835, F: 4643
|
| comment
|
|
References
Thir references will appear in the airticle, but this list appears anerly on this page.
- ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ↑ Moret, Marc-Etienne; Zhang, Limei; Peters, Jonas C. (2013). "A Polar Copper–Boron One-Electron σ-Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 (10): 3792–3795. doi:10.1021/ja4006578. PMID 23418750.
- ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ↑ "COPPER"; date retrieved: 14 Juin 2019.
