Template:Infobox calcium

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Calcium, 20Ca
Template:Infobox element/symbol-to-top-image/alt
Calcium
Appearancedull gray, siller; wi a pale yellae tint[1]
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Ca)40.078(4)[2]
Calcium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
Mg

Ca

Sr
potassiumcalciumscandium
Atomic nummer (Z)20
Groupgroup 2 (alkaline yird metals)
Periodperiod 4
Blocks-block
Element category  Alkaline yird metal
Electron confeeguration[Ar] 4s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 8, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase at STPsolit
Meltin pynt1115 K ​(842 °C, ​1548 °F)
Bylin pynt1757 K ​(1484 °C, ​2703 °F)
Density (near r.t.)1.55 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)1.378 g/cm3
Heat o fusion8.54 kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation154.7 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.929 J/(mol·K)
Vapour pressur
P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T (K) 864 956 1071 1227 1443 1755
Atomic properties
Oxidation states+1,[3] +2 strangly basic
ElectronegativityPauling scale: 1.00
Ionisation energies
  • 1st: 589.8 kJ/mol
  • 2nd: 1145.4 kJ/mol
  • 3rd: 4912.4 kJ/mol
  • (more)
Atomic radiusempirical: 197 pm
Covalent radius176±10 pm
Van der Waals radius231 pm
Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o calcium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structur ​face-centred cubic
Speed o soond thin rod3810 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion22.3 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity201 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity33.6 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic orderindiamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility+40.0·10−6 cm3/mol[4]
Young's modulus20 GPa
Shear modulus7.4 GPa
Bulk modulus17 GPa
Poisson ratio0.31
Mohs haurdness1.75
Brinell haurdness170–416 MPa
CAS Nummer7440-70-2
History
Diskivery an first isolationHumphry Davy (1808)
Main isotopes o calcium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
40Ca 96.941% stable
41Ca trace 9.94×104 y ε 41K
42Ca 0.647% stable
43Ca 0.135% stable
44Ca 2.086% stable
45Ca syn 162.6 d β 45Sc
46Ca 0.004% stable
47Ca syn 4.5 d β 47Sc
γ
48Ca 0.187% 6.4×1019 y ββ 48Ti
| references
style="text-align:left"|
in calc from C diff report ref
C 842
K 1115 1115 0
F 1548 1548 0
WD 838.85 Celsius Edit this at Wikidata
input C: 842, K: 1115, F: 1548
comment
style="text-align:left"|
in calc from C diff report ref
C 1484
K 1757 1757 0
F 2703 2703 0
WD 1483.85 Celsius Edit this at Wikidata
input C: 1484, K: 1757, F: 2703
comment
Calcium
K ←
iso
20
Ca E
→ Sc
v · e

References

  1. Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth–Heinemann. p. 112. ISBN 0080379419.
  2. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  3. Krieck, Sven; Görls, Helmar; Westerhausen, Matthias (2010). "Mechanistic Elucidation of the Formation of the Inverse Ca(I) Sandwich Complex [(thf)3Ca(μ-C6H3-1,3,5-Ph3)Ca(thf)3] and Stability of Aryl-Substituted Phenylcalcium Complexes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 132 (35): 12492–12501. doi:10.1021/ja105534w. PMID 20718434.
  4. Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Two of these are named references. They may be cited in the containing article as

  • <ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})
  • <ref name="West" /> for the source edited by Kneck et al.