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Olympic Gemmes

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Olympic Games
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Gemmes

The modren Olympic Gemmes (French: les Jeux olympiques, JO[1]) is the leadin internaitional sportin event featurin simmer an winter sports competitions in whilk thoosands o athletes participate in a variety o competitions. The Olympic Gemmes are considered tae be the warld's foremaist sports competeetion wi mair nor 200 naitions participatin.[2] The Olympic Gemmes are held quadrennially, (ilka fower year) wi the Simmer an Winter Gemmes alternatin, meanin ilk o thaim occur ilka fower year but twa year apairt fae ane anither. Thair creation wis inspired bi the auncient Olympic Gemmes, whilk war held in Olympia, Greece, frae the 8t century BC tae the 4t century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin foondit the Internaitional Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894. The IOC is the govrening body o the Olympic Movement, wi the Olympic Charter definin its structur an authority.

Host naitions an ceeties

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Cairt o Simmer Olympics locations. Kintras that haes hostit ane Simmer Olympics are shaded green, while kintras that hae hostit twa or mair is shaded blue.

The host ceety for an Olympic Gemmes is uisually chuisen seiven tae aicht year aheid o thair celebration.[3] The process o selection is cairried oot in twa phases that span a twa-year period. The prospective host ceety applies tae its kintra's Naitional Olympic Committee; gif mair nor ane ceety frae the same kintra submits a proposal tae its NOC, the naitional committee teepically hauds an internal selection, syne anly ane ceety per NOC can be presentit tae the Internaitional Olympic Committee for consideration. Ance the deadline for submission o proposals bi the NOCs is reakit, the first phase (Application) begins wi the applicant ceeties asked tae complete a questionnaire regardin several key criteria relatit tae the organisation o the Olympic Gemmes.[4] In this form, the applicants maun gie assurances that thay will comply wi the Olympic Charter an wi ony ither regulations established bi the IOC Executive Committee.[3] The evaluation o the filled questionnaires bi a specialised group provides the IOC wi an owerview o each applicant's project an thair potential tae host the Gemmes. On the basis o this technical evaluation, the IOC Executive Buird selects the applicants that will proceed tae the candidature stage.[4]

Ance the candidate ceeties are selectit, thay maun submit tae the IOC a bigger an mair detailed presentation o thair project as pairt o a candidature file. Ilka ceety is thoroughly analyzed bi an evaluation commission. This commission will veesit the candidate ceeties an aw, interviewin local offeecials an inspecting prospective venue steids, an submit a report on its findins ane month prior tae the IOC's final decision. Durin the interview process the candidate ceety maun an aa guarantee that it will be able tae fund the Gemmes.[3] Efter the wirk o the evaluation commission, a leet o candidates is presentit tae the General Session o the IOC, whilk maun assemble in a kintra that disnae hae a candidate ceety in the runnin. The IOC memmers gathered in the Session hae the final vote on the host ceety. Ance electit, the host ceety bid committee (thegither wi the NOC o the respective kintra) signs a Host Ceety Contract wi the IOC, offeecially becomin an Olympic host naition an host ceety.[3]

Bi 2016, the Olympic Gemmes will hae been hostit bi 44 ceeties in 23 kintras, but bi ceeties ootside Europe an North Americae on anly aicht occasions. Syne the 1988 Simmer Olympics in Seoul, Sooth Korea, the Olympics hae been held in Asie or Oceania fower times, a sharp increase compared tae the previous 92 year o modren Olympic history. The 2016 Gemmes in Rio de Janeiro will be the first Olympics for a Sooth American kintra. No bids frae kintras in Africae hae succeeded.

The Unitit States haes hostit aicht Olympic Gemmes, fower Simmer an fower Winter, mair nor ony ether naition. The Breetish caipital Lunnon haulds the distinction o hostin three Olympic Gemmes, aw Simmer, mair nor ony ether ceety.

The ether naitions hostin the Simmer Games twice are Germany, Australie, Fraunce an Greece. The ether ceeties hostin the Simmer Gemmes twice are Los Angeles, Paris an Athens.

In addition tae the Unitit States, naitions hostin multiple Winter Gemmes are Fraunce wi three, while Swisserland, Austrick, Norawa, Japan, Canadae an Italy hae hostit twice. Amang host ceeties, Lake Placid, Innsbruck an St. Moritz hae played host tae the Winter Olympic Gemmes mair nor ance, ilkane hauldin that honour twice. The 2010 Winter Gemmes war held in Vancouver, Canadae's third Olympics oweraw, an 2014 teuk place in Sochi, Roushie. The next Winter Gemmes will be in Pyeongchang in 2018, Sooth Korea's first Winter Olympics an seicont Olympics oweraw.

Olympic Gemmes host ceeties[5]
Year Simmer Olympic Gemmes Winter Olympic Gemmes Youth Olympic Gemmes
OlympiadHost ceetyNo.Host ceetyNo.Host Ceety
1896IGreece Athens, Greece
1900IIFraunce Paris, Fraunce
1904IIIUnited States St. Louis, United States[a]
1906Intercalated[b]Greece Athens, Greece
1908IVUnitit Kinrick Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick [c]
1912VSwaden Stockholm, Swaden
1916VIGermany Berlin, Germany →
Cancelled acause o Warld War I
1920VIIBelgium Antwerp, Belgium
1924VIIIFraunce Paris, FraunceIFraunce Chamonix, Fraunce
1928IXNetherlands Amsterdam, NetherlandsIISwitzerland St. Moritz, Swisserland
1932XUnited States Los Angeles, Unitit StatesIIIUnited States Lake Placid, Unitit States
1936XIGermany Berlin, GermanyIVGermany Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
1940XIITokyo, Japan →
Finland Helsinki, Finland →
Cancelled acause o Warld War II		VSapporo, Japan →
Switzerland St. Moritz, Switzerland →
Germany Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany →
Cancelled acause o Warld War II
1944XIIIUnitit Kinrick Lunnon, Unitit Kinrick →
Cancelled acause o Warld War II		VItaly Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy →
Cancelled acause o Warld War II
1948XIVUnitit Kinrick Lunnon Unitit KinrickVSwitzerland St. Moritz, Swisserland
1952XVFinland Helsinki, FinlandVINorawa Oslo, Norawa
1956XVIAustralie Melbourne, Australie +
Swaden Stockholm, Swaden[d][6]		VIIItaly Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
1960XVIIItaly Rome, ItalyVIIIUnited States Squaw Valley, Unitit States
1964XVIIIJapan Tokyo, JapanIXAustrick Innsbruck, Austrick
1968XIXMexico Mexico Ceety, MexicoXFraunce Grenoble, France
1972XXMunich, West GermanyXIJapan Sapporo, Japan
1976XXICanadae Montreal, CanadaeXIIUnited States Denver, Unitit States →
Austrick Innsbruck, Austrick
1980XXIIMoscow, Soviet UnionXIIIUnited States Lake Placid, Unitit States
1984XXIIIUnited States Los Angeles, Unitit StatesXIVSarajevo, Yugoslavie
1988XXIVSooth Korea Seoul, Sooth KoreaXVCanadae Calgary, Canadae
1992XXVSpain Barcelona, SpainXVIFraunce Albertville, Fraunce
1994XVIINorawa Lillehammer, Norawa
1996XXVIUnited States Atlanta, Unitit States
1998XVIIIJapan Nagano, Japan
2000XXVIIAustralie Sydney, Australie
2002XIXUnited States Salt Lake Ceety, Unitit States
2004XXVIIIGreece Athens, Greece
2006XXItaly Turin, Italy
2008XXIXFowkrepublic o Cheenae Beijing, Cheenae[e][7]
2010XXICanadae Vancouver, CanadaeI (Simmer) Singapore
2012XXXUnitit Kinrick Lunnon, Unitit KinrickI (Winter)Austrick Innsbruck, Austrick
2014XXIIRoushie Sochi, RoushieII (Simmer)Fowkrepublic o Cheenae Nanjing, Cheenae
2016XXXIBrazil Rio de Janeiro, BrazilII (Winter)Norawa Lillehammer, Norawa
2018XXIIISooth Korea Pyeongchang, Sooth KoreaIII (Simmer)Tae be determined
2020XXXIIJapan Tokyo, JapanIII (Winter)Tae be determined
2022XXIVFowkrepublic o Cheenae Beijing, CheenaeIV (Simmer)Tae be determined
2024XXXIIIFraunce Paris, FraunceIV (Winter)Tae be determined

Notes

  1. ↑ Originally awardit tae Chicago, but muived tae St. Louis tae coincide wi the World's Fair.
  2. ↑ Nae recognized bi the IOC.
  3. ↑ Originally awarded tae Roum, but moved tae Lunnon efter Munt Vesuvius eruptit.
  4. ↑ Equestrian events were held in Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm haed tae bid for the equestrian competition separately; it received its ain Olympic flame an had its ain formal invitations an openin an closin ceremonies, as wi aw its ither Gemmes aforehaun.
  5. ↑ Equestrian events were held in Cheenae's Hong Kong. Although Hong Kong haes an independent Naitional Olympic Committee frae Cheenae, the equestrian competition wis an integral pairt o the Beijing Gemmes; it wis nae conductit unner a separate bid, flame, etc., as wis the 1956 Stockholm equestrian competition. The IOC wabsteid leets only Beijing as the host ceety.

References

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  1. ↑ "French an Inglish are the ofeecial leids for the Olympic Gemmes.", ."(..)
  2. ↑ "Overview of Olympic Games". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 4 Juin 2008. Cite has empty unkent parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Olympic Charter" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. pp. 72–75. Archived (PDF) frae the original on 23 Julie 2011. Retrieved 2 Apryle 2009.
  4. 1 2 "Choice of the host city". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2 Apryle 2009.
  5. ↑ "Olympic Games" (registration required). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 Apryle 2009.
  6. ↑ "Official Report of the Equestrian Games of the XVIth Olympiad (Swedish & English)". Los Angeles 1984 Foundation. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 3 September 2008.
  7. ↑ "Beijing 2008". The International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 30 Januar 2009.
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