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Helsinki

Helsinki – Helsingfors
Ceety
Helsingin kaupunki
Helsingfors stad
Frae top-left: Helsinki Cathedral, Suomenlinna, Senate Square, Aurinkolahti beach, Ceety Haw
Frae top-left: Helsinki Cathedral, Suomenlinna, Senate Square, Aurinkolahti beach, Ceety Haw
Coat of airms o Helsinki
Coat airms
Eik-name(s): 
Stadi, Hesa[1]
Helsinki is located in Finland
Helsinki
Helsinki
Location o Helsinki in Finland
Coordinates: 60°10′15″N 024°56′15″E / 60.17083°N 24.93750°E / 60.17083; 24.93750Coordinates: 60°10′15″N 024°56′15″E / 60.17083°N 24.93750°E / 60.17083; 24.93750
Kintra Finland
RegionUusimaa
Sub-regionHelsinki
Chairter1550
Caipital ceety1812
Govrenment
 • MayorJuhana Vartiainen
Area
 (2018-01-01)[2]
 • Ceety715.48 km2 (276.25 sq mi)
 • Laund213.75 km2 (82.53 sq mi)
 • Water501.74 km2 (193.72 sq mi)
 • Urban
672.08 km2 (259.49 sq mi)
 • Metro
3697.52 km2 (1,427.62 sq mi)
Area rank258t lairgest in Finland
Population
 (2023-02-28)[3]
 • Ceety665,558
 • RankLairgest in Finland
 • Density3113.72/km2 (8,064.5/sq mi)
 • Urban
1,231,595
 • Urban density1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi)
 • Metro
1,559,558
 • Metro density421.8/km2 (1,092/sq mi)
Population bi native leid
 • Finnish84.3% (offeecial)
 • Swadish6.1% (offeecial)
 • Ithers9.6%
Population by age
 • 0 tae 1413.7%
 • 15 tae 6472%
 • 65 or aulder14.3%
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Websitewww.hel.fi

Helsinki (Swadish:Aboot this soondHelsingfors (help·info)) is the caipital an lairgest ceety in Finland. It is in the soothren pairt o Finland, in the region o Uusimaa/Nyland, on the shore o the Guwf o Finland, bi the Baltic Sea. The population o the ceety o Helsinki is 665,558 (28 Februar 2023),[3] an urban population o 1,176,976 (31 December 2012)[7] an a metropolitan population o 1,361,506, makin it the maist populous municipality an urban aurie in Finland. Helsinki is locatit some 400 km (250 mi) east o Stockholm, Swaden, 300 km (190 mi) wast o Saunt Petersburg, Roushie an 80 km (50 mi) north o Tallinn, Estonie. Helsinki haes close connections wi thir three ceeties.

The municipality o Helsinki forms the hert o the Helsinki metropolitan aurie an Greater Helsinki aurie. Ower ane million fowk live in the Helsinki metropolitan aurie, which includes the ceety o Helsinki an three ither ceeties. Twa o thir ceeties, Espoo an Vantaa, immediately mairch Helsinki tae the wast an north. Kauniainen, the third ceety, is a enclave athin the ceety o Espoo. The Helsinki metropolitan aurie is the northmaist urban aurie on Yird wi a population o ower 1 million fowk, an the ceety is the northmaist caipital o a EU member state. Aathegither 1.3 million fowk live in the Greater Helsinki aurie, which includes the aforementioned ceeties an 9 suburban satellite touns. Approximately 1 in 4 Finns live in the Greater Helsinki aurie.

Helsinki is Finland's major poleetical, eddicational, feenancial, cultural an research centre. Helsinki is a important regional ceety on the Easter Seas an northren Europe an aw. Approximately 70% o foreign companies operatin in Finland hae settled in the Helsinki region.

The etymologie o the name Helsinki

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Accordin tae oral tradeetion recordit in the 17t century, the early settlers in the modren Helsinki aurie came in the middle o the 13t century frae the province o Hälsingland in central Swaden. The Vantaa River wis accordingly kent locally as Helsingå (‘Helsinge River’), an the pairish foondit in the 14t century wis cried the Helsinge Parish.

When the plans tae foond a toun in the vicinity o the modren destrict o Koskela or Forsby (‘veelage o the rapids’) stairtit tae materialise in 1548, the new toun-tae-be began tae be cried Helsinge fors, ‘the Helsinge rapids’. This name then evolvit intae Helsingfors, which is the day the name o the ceety in Swadish. The ordinar fowk cried the place Helsinge or Helsing, which evolvit intae the current Finnish name Helsinki.

The name Helsinki haes been uised in Finnish offeecial documents an in Finnish leid newspapers syne 1819, whan the Senate o Finland muivit tae the toun an the decrees issued thare wur datit wi Helsinki as the place o issue. This is hou the furm Helsinki came tae be uised in the Finnish leeterar leid.[8]

History

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Main airticle: History o Helsinki

Early history

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Central Helsinki in 1820 afore rebiggin. Drawin bi Carl Ludvig Engel.

Helsinki wis established as a tradin toun bi Keeng Gustav I o Swaden in 1550 as the toun o Helsingfors, which he intendit tae be a rival tae the Hanseatic ceety o Reval (the day: Tallinn). Little came o the plans as Helsinki remained a tiny toun plagued bi poverty, wars, an diseases. The plague o 1710 killed the greater pairt o the indwallers o Helsinki.[9] The construction o the naval fortress Sveaborg (In Finnish Viapori, the day an aa Suomenlinna) in the 18t century helped impruive Helsinki's status, but it wis no till Roushie defeatit Swaden in the Finnish War an annexed Finland as the autonomous Grand Duchy o Finland in 1809 that the toun began tae develop intae a substantial ceety.

Czar Alexander I o Roushie muivit the Finnish caipital frae Turku tae Helsinki tae reduce Swadish influence in Finland. The Ryal Academy o Turku, back then the kintra's anerlie varsity, wis relocatit tae Helsinki in 1827 an eventually became the modren Varsity o Helsinki. The muive consolidatit the ceety's new role an helpit set it on the path o continuous growthe. This transformation is heichlie apparent in the dountoun core, which wis rebuilt in neoclessical style tae resemble Saunt Petersburg. As elsewhaur, technological advancements sic as railroads an industrialization wur key factors ahint the ceety's growthe.

Twintiet century

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Despite the tumultuousness o Finnish history durin the first hauf o the 20t century, Helsinki continued its steady development. A laundmerk event wis the XV Olympiad (1952 Olympic Gemmes) held in Helsinki. Finland's rapid urbanization in the 1970s, occurrin late relative tae the rest o Europe, tripled the population in the metropolitan aurie, an the Helsinki Metro subwey seestem wis biggit. The relatively spairse population density o Helsinki an its peculiar structur hae aften been attributit tae the lateness o its growthe.

Name

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The Swadish name Helsingfors ([hɛlsiŋˈfɔrs] or [hɛlsiŋˈfɔʂ]) is the oreeginal offeecial name o the ceety o Helsinki (in the vera beginnin, spelled Hellssingeforss). The Finnish leid form o the name probably oreeginates frae Helsinga an seemilar names uised for the river that is currently kent as the Vantaa River as documentit awready in the 14t century. Helsinki (pronoonced wi the stress on the first syllab: Finnish pronunciation: [ˈhelsiŋki]), is uised tae refer tae the ceety in aw leids except Swadish, Norse an Dens. Helsingfors comes frae the name o the surroondin parish, Helsinge (soorce for Finnish Helsinki) an the rapids (Swadish: fors), which flowed throu the oreeginal veelage. The name Helsinge mey hae oreeginatit wi medieval Swadish settlers who came frae Hälsingland in Swaden. Ithers hae proposed that the name derives frae the Swadish wird hals (neck), referrin tae the nairaest pairt o the river, i.e. the rapids.[10]

In Helsinki slang the ceety is kent as Stadi (frae the Swadish wird stad, meanin "ceety"). Elsewhaur in Finland, in colloquial Finnish its nickname is Hesa. Helsset is the Northern Sami name o Helsinki. Wi Stadi bein uised tae assert that the speaker is native tae the ceety.[1][11] Helsset is the Northren Saami name o Helsinki.

Geografie

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Pairts o Helsinki an Espoo seen frae SPOT
Suomenlinna haes been a UNESCO Warld Heritage Steid syne 1991.
Main airticle: Geografie o Helsinki

Helsinki is spread athort a nummer o bays an peninsulaes an ower a nummer o islands. The inner ceety aurie occupees a soothren peninsulae, which is rarely referred tae bi its actual name Vironniemi. Population densitie in certaint pairts o Helsinki's inner ceety aurie is vera heich, reachin 16,494 inhabitants per square kilometre (42,720/sq mi) in the destrict o Kallio, but as a whole Helsinki's population densitie o 3,050 per square kilometre (7,900/sq mi) ranks it as quite spairsely populatit in comparison tae ither European caipital ceeties.[12][13] Hintle o Helsinki ootside the inner ceety aurie consists o postwar suburbs separatit frae ilk ither bi patches o forest. A narrae, ten-kilometre-lang (6 mi) Helsinki Central Pairk that stretches frae the inner ceety tae the northren mairch o Helsinki is an important recreational aurie for residents.

Major islands in Helsinki include Seurasaari, Lauttasaari an Korkeasaari – the lattermaist bein the steid o the kintra's biggest zoo. Ither significant islands are the fortress island o Suomenlinna (Sveaborg) an the militar island o Santahamina. Pihlajasaari island is a favourite simmer spot for gay men an naturists, vera hintle comparable tae Fire Island aff New York Ceety.

Urban aurie

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Urban aurie o Helsinki

Helsinki urban aurie spreads tae 10 different municipalities[14] an is considered tae be the anly metropolis in Finland.[15] It haes population o 1 159 211, land aurie o 631,11 km2 an population density o 1 836,8 per square kilometre[7] It is bi far the biggest an maist densely populatit aurie o Finland, 3,7 times bigger nor subsequent Tampere.

The Helsinki Metropolitan Aurie consists o the ceeties o Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa an Kauniainen. The Metropolitan Aurie covers 745 square kilometre (288 sq mi) an contains a tot population o approximately ane million. Wi aboot 19 per cent o the kintra’s population in juist 0.2 per cent o its surface aurie, the hoosin density o the aurie is heich bi Finnish standards. The Metropolitan Aurie an aa haes a heich concentration o employment: approximately 580,000 jobs. Despite the intensity o land uise, the region an aa haes lairge recreational auries an green spaces.

The Helsinki metropolitan aurie is the warld's northrenmaist urban aurie amang those wi a population o ower ane million fowk, an the ceety is the northrenmaist caipital o an EU member state. Althegither 1.3 million fowk, approximately ane in fower Finns, live in the Greater Helsinki aurie.

Climate

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Helsinki haes a humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb). Awin tae the mitigatin influence o the Easter Seas an Gulf Stream, temperaturs in winter are heicher than the northren location micht suggest, wi the average in Januar an Februar aroond −5 °C (23 °F).[16] Temperaturs belaw −20 °C (−4 °F) occur normally a week or twa in a year. Housomeivver, acause o the latitude, days last 5 oors an 48 minutes aroond the winter solstice wi vera law Sun rays, an the cloudy wather at this time o year accentuates the darkness. Conversely, Helsinki enjoys lang days in simmer, durin the simmer solstice days last 18 oors an 57 minutes .[17] The average maximum temperatur frae Juin tae August is aroond 19 tae 23 °C (66 tae 73 °F). Due tae the marine effect, especially in simmer daily temperaturs are ceuler an nicht temperaturs are heicher than further awa in the mainland. The heichest temperatur iver recordit in the ceety centre wis 33.1 °C (91.6 °F) on 18 Julie 1945 an the lawest wis −34.3 °C (−30 °F) on 10 Januar 1987.[18] Helsinki Airport recordit a temperatur o 34.0 °C (93.2 °F) on 29 Julie 2010 an a law o −35.9 °C (−33 °F) on 9 Januar 1987.

Climate data for Helsinki (Kaisaniemi)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record heich °C (°F) 8.5
(47.3) 		11.8
(53.2) 		17.1
(62.8) 		21.9
(71.4) 		29.6
(85.3) 		32.0
(89.6) 		33.1
(91.6) 		31.2
(88.2) 		26.2
(79.2) 		19.4
(66.9) 		11.6
(52.9) 		10.0
(50.0) 		33.1
(91.6)
Average heich °C (°F) −1.3
(29.7) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		1.6
(34.9) 		7.6
(45.7) 		14.4
(57.9) 		18.5
(65.3) 		21.5
(70.7) 		19.8
(67.6) 		14.6
(58.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		3.7
(38.7) 		0.5
(32.9) 		9.0
(48.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) −3.9
(25.0) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		3.9
(39.0) 		10.2
(50.4) 		14.6
(58.3) 		17.8
(64.0) 		16.3
(61.3) 		11.5
(52.7) 		6.6
(43.9) 		1.6
(34.9) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		5.9
(42.6)
Average law °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3) 		−7.4
(18.7) 		−4.1
(24.6) 		0.8
(33.4) 		6.3
(43.3) 		10.9
(51.6) 		14.2
(57.6) 		13.1
(55.6) 		8.7
(47.7) 		4.3
(39.7) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		2.9
(37.2)
Record law °C (°F) −34.3
(−29.7) 		−31.5
(−24.7) 		−24.5
(−12.1) 		−16.3
(2.7) 		−4.8
(23.4) 		0.7
(33.3) 		5.4
(41.7) 		2.8
(37.0) 		−4.5
(23.9) 		−11.6
(11.1) 		−18.6
(−1.5) 		−29.5
(−21.1) 		−34.3
(−29.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 52
(2.0) 		36
(1.4) 		38
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		37
(1.5) 		57
(2.2) 		63
(2.5) 		80
(3.1) 		56
(2.2) 		76
(3.0) 		70
(2.8) 		58
(2.3) 		655
(25.8)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 20
(7.9) 		24
(9.4) 		15
(5.9) 		0.4
(0.2) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		3
(1.2) 		10
(3.9) 		72
(28)
Mean monthly sunshine oors 38 70 138 194 284 297 291 238 150 93 36 29 1,858
Source: Climatological statistics for the normal period 1981–2010 [18]
Climate data for Helsinki-Vantaa Airport (Helsinki Airport)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record heich °C (°F) 8.2
(46.8) 		10.0
(50.0) 		17.5
(63.5) 		23.6
(74.5) 		28.8
(83.8) 		31.4
(88.5) 		34.0
(93.2) 		31.5
(88.7) 		25.3
(77.5) 		18.2
(64.8) 		10.5
(50.9) 		9.6
(49.3) 		34.0
(93.2)
Average heich °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		1.5
(34.7) 		8.7
(47.7) 		15.8
(60.4) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.5
(72.5) 		20.5
(68.9) 		14.8
(58.6) 		8.6
(47.5) 		2.6
(36.7) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		9.1
(48.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.0
(23.0) 		−5.7
(21.7) 		−1.9
(28.6) 		4.1
(39.4) 		10.4
(50.7) 		14.6
(58.3) 		17.7
(63.9) 		15.8
(60.4) 		10.7
(51.3) 		5.6
(42.1) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−3.2
(26.2) 		5.3
(41.5)
Average law °C (°F) −8.1
(17.4) 		−8.9
(16.0) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−0.2
(31.6) 		4.8
(40.6) 		9.5
(49.1) 		12.6
(54.7) 		11.3
(52.3) 		6.9
(44.4) 		2.7
(36.9) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−6.0
(21.2) 		1.4
(34.5)
Record law °C (°F) −35.9
(−32.6) 		−30.2
(−22.4) 		−27.2
(−17.0) 		−12.1
(10.2) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−0.5
(31.1) 		4.0
(39.2) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		−14.5
(5.9) 		−19.9
(−3.8) 		−29.5
(−21.1) 		−35.9
(−32.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 54
(2.1) 		37
(1.5) 		37
(1.5) 		32
(1.3) 		39
(1.5) 		61
(2.4) 		66
(2.6) 		79
(3.1) 		64
(2.5) 		82
(3.2) 		73
(2.9) 		58
(2.3) 		682
(26.9)
Mean monthly sunshine oors 38 74 131 196 275 266 291 219 143 84 37 26 1,780
Source: Climatological statistics for the normal period 1981–2010 [18] Sun and record temperatures 1981-2011 only

Ceetyscape

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Aleksanterinkatu in Central Helsinki
Aleksi in Central Helsinki
The view athort simmertime Eläintarhanlahti
The Helsinki Cathedral is probably the maist prominent biggin an seembol o the ceety.
Pairlament o Finland on the richt, an new supplemental offices on the left

Carl Ludvig Engel (1778–1840) wis appointit tae design a new ceety centre aw on his awn. He designed several neoclassical biggins in Helsinki. The focal pynt o Engel's ceety plan is the Senate Square. It is surroondit bi the Govrenment Palace (tae the east), the main biggin o Helsinki University (tae the wast), an (tae the north) the enormous Cathedral, which wis feenished in 1852, twal years efter C. L. Engel's daith. Subsequently, Engel's neoclassical plan stimulatit the epithet, The White Ceety O The North. Helsinki is, hooiver, aiblins even mair famous for its numerous Art Nouveau (Jugend in Finnish) influencit biggins o the romantic naitionalism, designed in the early 1900s an strangly influencit bi the Kalevala, which is a vera popular theme in the naitional romantic airt o that era. Helsinki's Art Nouveau style is featurt in lairge residential auries sic as Katajanokka an Ullanlinna an aw. The maister o the Finnish Art Nouveau wis Eliel Saarinen (1873–1950), whose airchitectural maisterpiece wis the Helsinki central railwey station.

Helsinki featurs several biggings bi the warld-renouned Finnish airchitect Alvar Aalto (1898–1976) an aw, recognisit as ane o the pioneers o airchitectural functionalism. Housomeivver, some o his woirks, sic as the heidquairters o the paper company Stora Enso an the concert venue, Finlandia Hall, hae been subject tae dividit opinions frae the ceetizens.[19][20][21]

Renouned functionalist biggins in Helsinki bi ither airchitects include the Olympic Stadium, the Tennis Palace, the Rowing Stadium, the Swimming Stadium, the Velodrome, the Glass Palace, the Exhibition Hall (nou Töölö Sports Hall) an Helsinki-Malmi Airport. The sports venues wur biggit tae serve the 1940 Helsinki Olympic Gemmes; the gemmes wur initially cancelled due tae the Seicont Warld War, but the venues eventually got tae fulfill thair purpose in the 1952 Olympic Gemmes. Mony o thaim are leetit bi DoCoMoMo as significant ensaumples o modren airchitectur.

As a historical fuitnote, Helsinki's neoclassical biggins wur aften uised as a backdrop for scenes set tae tak place in the Soviet Union in mony Cauld War era Hollywood movies, whan filmin in the USSR wis no possible. Some o the mair notable anes are The Kremlin Letter (1970), Reds (1981) an Gorky Park (1983). Acause some streetscapes wur reminiscent o Leningrad's an Moscow's auld biggins, thay wur uised in movie productions—much tae some residents' dismay an aw. At the same time the govrenment secretly instructit Finnish offeecials no tae extend assistance tae sic film projects.[22]

Govrenment

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Main airticle: Politics o Helsinki

The ceety cooncil o Helsinki consists o aichty-five members. Follaein the maist recent municipal election in 2012, the three lairgest pairties are Naitional Coalition (23), Greens (19), an Social Democrats (15).[23] The mayor, Jussi Pajunen, is a member o the Naitional Coalition Pairty.

Lik in aw Finnish municipalities, the Ceety Cooncil o Helsinki is the main deceesion-makin organ in local politics, dealin wi issues sic as ceety plannin, schuils, heal care, an public transport. The 85-member cooncil is elected every fowert year bi municipal elections.

Tradeetionally, the conservative Naitional Coalition Pairty (kokoomus) haes been the biggest pairty in Helsinki's local politics, wi the Social Democrats bein the seicont biggest. In the 2000 election the Green League, for which Helsinki is the strangest aurie o support naitionally, gained the poseetion o the seicont maist popular pairty. In 2004 houiver, the Social Democrats regained that poseetion. In 2008 election, the Green League again acame the seicont biggest pairty, an thay remained sae in the 2012 election.

The Left Alliance is the fowert lairgest pairty, while the True Finns hae increased thair support steadily tae acome the fift lairgest pairty. The Swedish Fowk's Pairty's support haes been steadily declinin ower the years, maist likely acause o the diminishin proportion o Swadish speakers in Helsinki. The Centre Pairty o Finland, despite bein ane o the major pairties in naitionwide politics, anly haes little support in Helsinki lik it daes in maist ither big ceeties.

Demografics

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Kalasatama

Helsinki haes a heicher proportion o weemen (53.4%) than elsewhaur in Finland (51.1%). Helsinki's current population densitie o 2,739.36 fowk per square kilometre is bi far the heichest in Finland. Life expectancy for baith genders is slichtly belaw the naitional averages: 75.1 year for men as compared tae 75.7 year, 81.7 year for weemen as compared tae 82.5 year.[24][25]

Helsinki haes experienced strang growthe syne the 1810s, whan it replacit Turku as the caipital o the Grand Duchy o Finland, which later became the sovereign Republic o Finland. The ceety continued tae shaw strang growt frae that time onwards, wi the exception durin the Finnish Ceevil War period. Frae the end o Warld War II up till the 1970s thare wis a massive exodus o fowk frae the kintraside tae the ceeties o Finland, in pairticular Helsinki. Atween 1944 an 1969 the population o the ceety nearly doubled frae 275,000.[26] tae 525,600.[27]

In the 1960s, the population growthe o Helsinki proper began tae ebb mainly due tae lack o hoosin.[28] Mony residents began tae muive tae neebourin Espoo an Vantaa, whare population growt haes syne soared. Espoo's population increased ninefauld in saxty years, frae 22,874 fowk in 1950 tae 244,353 in 2009. Neebourin Vantaa haes seen even mair dramatic chynge in the same time span: frae 14,976 in 1950 tae 197,663 in 2009, a thirteenfauld increase. Thir dramatic increases pushed the municipalities o greater Helsinki intae mair intense cooperation in sic auries as public transportation[29] an waste management.[30] The increasin scarcity o hoosin an the heicher costs o livin in the Helsinki metropolitan aurie hae pushed mony daily commuters tae fynd hoosin in umwhile vera rural auries, an even further, tae sic ceeties as Lohja (50 kilometres or 30 mile northwast frae the ceety centre), Hämeenlinna an Lahti (baith 100 kilometres or 60 mile frae Helsinki, an Porvoo (50 kilometres tae the east).

Leid

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Finnish an Swadish are the offeecial leids o the municipality o Helsinki. The majority, or 82.5%[31] o the population, speak Finnish as thair native leid. A minority, at 6.0%, speak Swadish. Aroond 11.5% o the population speak a native leid ither nor Finnish or Swadish. Helsinki slang combines influences frae the Finnish, Swadish an Roushie leids. Finnish the day is the common leid o communication atween Finnish speakers, Swadish speakers an speakers o ither leids (New Finns) in day-tae-day affairs in the public sphere atween unkent persons. In case a speaker's knawledge o Finnish is nae kent, Inglis is uisually spoken. Swadish is commonly spoken in ceety or naitional agencies specifically aimed at Finland-Swadish speakers, sic as the Social Services Depairtment on Hämeentie or the Luckan Cultural centre in Kamppi. Knawledge o Finnish is an aa essential in business an is uisually a basic requirement in the employment mercat.[32]

Finnish speakers surpassed Swadish speakers in 1890 tae acome the majority o the ceety's population.[33] At the time, Helsinki's population wis 61,530.[34]

Immigration

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Helsinki is the global gateway o Finland. The ceety haes Finland's lairgest immigrant population in baith absolute an relative terms. Thare are ower 130 naitionalities representit in Helsinki. The lairgest groups are frae Roushie, Estonie, Swaden, Somalie, Serbie, Cheenae, Iraq, Germany an Turkey.

Foreign ceetizens mak up 8.0% o the population, while foreign born mak up 11.1%.[31] In 2012, 68,375[31] residents spoke a native leid ither nor Finnish, Swadish or ane o the three Sami leids spoken in Finland. The lairgest groups o residents wi a non-Finnish background come frae Roushie (14,532), Estonie (9,065) an Somalie (6,845).[31] Hauf o the immigrant population in Finland lives in greater Helsinki, an ane third in the ceety o Helsinki.[35]

Economy

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The Helsinki metropolitan aurie generates approximately ane third o Finland's GDP. GDP per caipita is roughly 1.3 times the naitional average.[36]

The metropolitan aurie's gross value addit per caipita is 200% o the mean o 27 European metropolitan auries, equallin those o Stockholm or Paris. The gross value addit annual growthe haes been aroond 4%.[37]

83 o the 100 lairgest Finnish companies are heidquartered in Greater Helsinki. Twa-thirds o the 200 heichest-peyed Finnish executives live in Greater Helsinki an 42% in Helsinki. The average income o the tap 50 earners wis 1.65 million euro.[38]

The tap water is o excellent quality an it is suppleed bi 120 km (75 mi) lang Päijänne Water Tunnel, ane o the warld's langest continuous rock tunnels. Bottled Helsinki tap water is even sauld tae kintras sic as Saudi Arabie.[39]

Eddication

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Main biggin o the Varsity o Helsinki
Haaga-Helia Varrsity O Applied Sciences is the lairgest business polytechnic in Finland.

Helsinki haes 190 comprehensive schuils, 41 upper seicontar schuils an 15 vocational institutes. Hauf o the 41 upper seicondar schuils are private or state-awned, the ither hauf municipal. heicher level eddication is gien in aicht varsities (see the section "Varsities" belaw) an fower polytechnics.

Varsities

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Main airticle: Leet o varsities in Finland

Varsity o Applied Sciences

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Main airticle: Leet o Varsity o Applied Sciences in Finland

Helsinki is ane o the co-location centres o the Knawledge an Innovation Commonty (Futur information an communication society) o The European Institute o Innovation an Technology (EIT).[40]

The eddicational depairtment taks pairt in Lifelong Learning Programme 2007–2013 in Finland.

Cultur

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Kiasma is a contemporary airt museum locatit at the hert o Helsinki.

Museums

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The biggest historical museum in Helsinki is the Naitional Museum o Finland, which displays a vast historical collection frae prehistoric times tae the 21st century. The museum biggin itself, a naitional romantic style neomedieval castle, is a tourist attraction. Ither major historical museum is the Helsinki Ceety Museum, which introduces veesitors tae Helsinki's 500-year history. The Varsity o Helsinki an aa haes mony signeeficant museums, includin the Varsity Museum an the Naitural History Museum.

The Finnish Naitional Gallery consists o three museums: Ateneum Airt Museum for classical Finnish art, Sinebrychoff Airt Museum for classical European airt, an Kiasma Airt Museum for modren airt. The auld Ateneum, a neo-Renaissance palace frae 19t century, is ane o the ceety's major historical biggins. Aw three museum biggins are state-ained throu Senate Properties.

The Design Museum is devotit tae the exhibeetion o baith Finnish an foreign design, includin industrial design, fashion, an graphic design.

Theatres

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Helsinki haes three major theatres: The Finnish Naitional Theatre, the Helsinki Ceety Theatre, an the Finland Swadish Svenska Teatern. The ceety's main muisical venues are the Finnish Naitional Opera, the Finlandia concert haw an the Helsinki Muisic Centre. The Muisic Centre an aa hooses a pairt o the Sibelius Academy. Bigger concerts an events are uisually held at ane o the ceety's twa big ice hockey arenas: the Hartwall Areena or the Helsinki Ice Hall. Helsinki haes Finland's lairgest fairgrounds.

Muisic

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Helsinki is home tae twa full-size symphony orchestras, the Helsinki Philharmonic Orchestra an the Finnish Radio Symphony Orchestra, baith o which perform at the Helsinki Muisic Centre concert haw. Acclaimed contemporary componers Kaija Saariaho, Magnus Lindberg, Esa-Pekka Salonen an Einojuhani Rautavaara, amang ithers, wur born an raised in Helsinki, an studied at the Sibelius Academy. The Finnish Naitional Opera, the anly full-time, professional opera company in Finland, is locatit in Helsinki.

Mony widely renowned an acclaimed baunds hae originated in Helsinki, includin Hanoi Rocks, HIM, Stratovarius, The 69 Eyes, Norther, Wintersun, Finntroll, Moonsorrow, Ensiferum, The Rasmus an Apocalyptica.

Airt

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Helsinki Arena hostit the Eurovision Song Contest 2007, the first iver Eurovision Song Contest arranged in Finland, follaein Lordi's win in 2006.

At the Senate Square in September / October 2010, the lairgest open-air airt exhibition iver in Finland teuk place: Aboot 1.4 million fowk saw the internaitional exhibition o United Buddy Bears.

Helsinki is the 2012 Warld Design Caipital, in recognition o the uise o design as an effective tuil for social, cultural an economic development in the ceety. In chuisin Helsinki, the Warld Design Caipital selection jury heichlichtit Helsinki's uise o 'Embedded Design', which haes tee'd design in the ceety tae innovation, "creatin global brents, such as Nokia, Kone an Marimekko, popular events, like the annual Helsinki Design Week, ootstaundin education an research institutions, such as the University o Airt an Design Helsinki, an exemplary airchitects an designers such as Eliel Saarinen an Alvar Aalto".[41]

Media

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Each year, aroond 12,000 beuk titles are published an 12 million records are sauld.[42]

Sanoma publishes the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat (its circulation o 412,000[43] makin it the lairgest), the tabloid Ilta-Sanomat, the commerce-orientit Taloussanomat an the telly channel Nelonen. The ither major publisher Alma Media publishes ower thirty magazines, includin the newspaper Aamulehti, tabloid Iltalehti an commerce-orientit Kauppalehti. Warldwide, Finns, alang wi ither Nordic fowks an the Japanese, spend the maist time readin newspapers.[44]

YLE, Finland's public broadcastin station, operates five telly channels an thirteen radio channels in baith naitional leids. YLE is fundit throu a mandatory telly license an fees for private broadcasters. Aw TV channels are broadcast deegitally, baith terrestrially an on cable. The commercial telly channel MTV3 an commercial radio channel Radio Nova are ained bi Nordic Broadcasting (Bonnier an Proventus Industrier).

Aroond 79% o the population uise the Internet.[45] Finland haed aroond 1.52 million broadband Internet connections bi the end o Juin 2007 or aroond 287 per 1,000 indwallers.[46] Aw Finnish schuils an public libraries hae Internet connections an computers an maist residents hae a mobile phone. Value-addit services are rare.[47] In October 2009, Finland's Meenistry o Transport an Communications committit tae ensurin that every person in Finland wad be able tae access the Internet at a minimum speed o ane megabit-per-seicont beginnin Julie 2010.[48]

Sports

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The Helsinki Olympic Stadium wis the centre o activities during the 1952 Summer Olympics.
Main airticle: Sport in Helsinki

Helsinki haes a lang tradeetion o sports: the ceety gained muckle o its initial internaitional recognition durin the 1952 Simmer Olympics, an the ceety haes syne then been vera open tae arrangin sportin events, for ensaumple the first Warld Championships in Athletics 1983 an 2005, an European Championships in Athletics 1971, 1994 an 2012 etc. Helsinki hosts fairly successfu local teams in baith o the maist popular team sports in Finland, fitbaa, ice hockey an synchronized skatin. Helsinki hooses Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi (HJK), Finland's lairgest an maist successfu fitbaa club. Helsinki's track an field club Helsingin Kisa-Veikot is an' a' pretty dominant in Finland. Ice Hockey is a sport o passion for mony Helsinki residents, who uisually tak a stance for aither o the local clubs IFK Helsingfors (HIFK) or Jokerit. HIFK, wi 14 Finnish championships titles, an aa plays in the heichest bandy diveesion,[49] alang wi Botnia -69. The Olympic stadium hostit the 1st iver Bandy Warld Championships in 1957.[50]

Transportation

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Helsinki region roads.

Roads

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Helsinki haes several ring roads: Ring I, Ring II, an Ring III. Frae central ceety tae east an wast, thare are Itäväylä an Länsiväylä. Frae the central ceety tae north, thare are several routes. Thare is a proposal tae big a Stockholm-lik tunnel unner central Helsinki tae hide caurs frae streets. Central Helsinki haes popular unnergrund pairkin facilities.

Helsinki haes some 390 caurs per 1000 indwallers.[51] This is less nor in ceeties o seemilar density, for instance, Brussels' 483 per 1000 an Stockholm's 401, an Oslo's 413.[52][53]

Rail transport an buses

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Main airticle: Public transport in Helsinki
The Helsinki Metro wi its characteristic bricht orange trains is the warld's northmaist subwey.
Malmi airport, ane o the auldest in the warld an Finland's- main general aviation airport.

Public transportation is generally a hotly debatit subject in the local politics o Helsinki. In Helsinki metropolitan aurie, public transportation is managit unner Helsinki Region Transport, the metropolitan aurie transportation authority. The diverse public transport seestem consists o trams, commuter rail, the subwey, bus lines an twa ferry lines.

The day, Helsinki is the anerlie ceety in Finland tae hae trams or subwey trains. Thare uised tae be twa ither ceeties in Finland wi trams: Turku an Viipuri (Vyborg, nou in Roushie), but baith hae syne abandoned trams. The Helsinki Metro, opened in the year 1982, is the anerlie subway seestem in Finland. In 2006, the construction o the lang debatit extension o the subwey seestem wast intae Espoo wis appruivit, an serious debate aboot an eastren extension intae Sipoo haes taken place.[54]

The possibility o a Helsinki tae Tallinn Tunnel is currently bein researched. The rail tunnel wad connect Helsinki tae the Estonie caipital Tallinn, further linkin Helsinki tae the rest o continental Europe bi Rail Baltica.

Aviation

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Air traffeck is handled primarily frae the internaitional Helsinki Airport, locatit approximately 19 kilometres (12 mi) north o Helsinki's dountoun aurie, in the neighbourin ceety o Vantaa. Helsinki's seicont airport, Malmi Airport, is mainly uised for general an private aviation. Copterline haes providit fast (18 min.) helicopter flichts tae Tallinn, but discontinued the regular service in December 2008 on grunds o unprofitability.

Sea transport

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Ferry connections tae Tallinn an Stockholm are serviced bi various companies. Finnlines passenger-freight ferries tae Gdynia, Poland an Travemünde, Germany are an' a' available, while Tallink began service tae Rostock, Germany in 2007. St. Peter Line affers passenger ferry service tae Saunt Petersburg several times a week.

Internaitional relations

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Relatit page: Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Finland

Special pairtnership ceeties

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Helsinki haes a special pairtnership relation wi:

See an aw

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References

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  1. ↑ a b Ainiala, Terhi (2009). "Place Names in the Construction of Social Identities: The Uses of Names of Helsinki". Research Institute for the Languages of Finland. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
  2. ↑ "Area of Finnish Municipalities 1.1.2018" (PDF). National Land Survey of Finland. Retrieved 30 Januar 2018.
  3. ↑ a b "Preliminar population structur bi aurie, 2022M01*-2023M02*". StatFin (in Finnish). Statistics Finland. Retrieved 4 Apryle 2023.
  4. ↑ "Population according to language and the number of foreigners and land area km2 by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 29 Mairch 2009.
  5. ↑ "Population according to age and gender by area as of 31 December 2008". Statistics Finland's PX-Web databases. Statistics Finland. Retrieved 28 Apryle 2009.
  6. ↑ a b "Luettelo kuntien ja seurakuntien tuloveroprosenteista vuonna 2023". Tax Admeenistration o Finland. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 7 Mey 2023.
  7. ↑ a b "Taulukko: Taajamat väkiluvun ja väestöntiheyden mukaan 31.12.2012". 193.166.171.75. 31 December 2012. Retrieved 17 Februar 2014.[deid airtin]
  8. ↑ Jäppinen, Jere (15 November 2011). "Mistä Helsingin nimi on peräisin?". Helsingin Sanomat: D2. Archived frae the original on 29 November 2014. Cite has empty unkent parameter: |month= (help)
  9. ↑ "Ruttopuisto– Plague Park". Tabblo.com. Archived frae the original on 11 Apryle 2008. Retrieved 3 November 2008.
  10. ↑ "Utbildning & Vetenskap: Svenskfinland". Veta.yle.fi. Archived frae the original on 12 Mey 2008. Retrieved 8 Julie 2009.
  11. ↑ Ristkari, Maiju: Heinäsorsat Helsingissä. Aku Ankka #44/2013, introduction on page 2.
  12. ↑ "Geography of Helsinki, Overview of Finland". easyexpat.com. Retrieved 5 Februar 2014.
  13. ↑ "Helsinki — School of Computer Science — SOCS". McGill University. Retrieved 5 Februar 2014.
  14. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 20 Mey 2013. Retrieved 9 Januar 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ↑ "Uudenmaan maakuntakaava selostus" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  16. ↑ "Climatological statistics for the normal period 1971–2000". Fmi.fi. Archived frae the original on 27 Apryle 2010. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  17. ↑ Tukiainen, Matti. "Helsinki, Finland – Sunrise, sunset, dawn and dusk times around the World!". Gaisma. Retrieved 11 Februar 2011.
  18. ↑ a b c "Normal period 1981-2010 - Finnish Meteorological Institute".
  19. ↑ "Stora Enson pääkonttori, Kanavaranta 1". "Helsingin Aallot" blog (in Finnish). 25 Februar 2007. Retrieved 5 Februar 2011.
  20. ↑ "Kohtaako Enson konttori voittajansa?". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). 14 Juin 2008. Lead editorial. Archived frae the original on 19 November 2011. Retrieved 5 Februar 2011.
  21. ↑ Penttilä, Vappu. "Kiasma nousi inhokkien ykköseksi". Verkkoliite (in Finnish). Helsingin Sanomat. Archived frae the original on 29 Juin 2011. Retrieved 5 Februar 2011.
  22. ↑ Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, Political Department: Memo 56 of 20 January 1982 (labelled highly confidential in 1982) PDF (1.37 MB)
  23. ↑ "Helsingin vaalipiiri - Tulospalvelu - Kuntavaalit 2012". Vaalikone.fi. Retrieved 12 Mairch 2013.
  24. ↑ Tapani Valkonen ym. (17 December 2007). "Tutkimuksia 10/2007: Elinajanodotteen kehitys Helsingissä ja sen väestönosaryhmissä 1991–2005" (PDF). Helsingin kaupunki, tietokeskus. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 22 Julie 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2007.
  25. ↑ Tilastolaitoksen historiaa. "Tilasto". Stat.fi. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.[deid airtin]
  26. ↑ "Helsingin historia". Hel.fi. Archived frae the original on 14 September 2010. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  27. ↑ "Maan alle". Aatos.fi. 30 December 1972. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  28. ↑ Butzin, Bernhard (1991). "Helsinki — aspects of urban development and planning". GeoJournal. Springer, Netherlands. 2 (1): 11–26. doi:10.1007/BF00212573. ISSN 0343-2521. Retrieved 23 Januar 2011.
  29. ↑ "HSL Helsingin seudun liikenne – About HSL". Hsl.fi. 1 Januar 2010. Archived frae the original on 19 Januar 2010. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  30. ↑ "HSY – Default". Hsy.fi. Archived frae the original on 25 Mairch 2010. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  31. ↑ a b c d http://www.hel2.fi/tietokeskus/julkaisut/pdf/12_06_28_Tilastoja_23_Peuranen.pdf[deid airtin]
  32. ↑ "Immigrants Learning Swedish over Finnish Run into Problems | News | YLE Uutiset". yle.fi. Retrieved 16 September 2011.
  33. ↑ "Helsingin nimistön vaiheita". Scripta.kotus.fi. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  34. ↑ "IGS.kirjastot.fi". Archived frae the original on 4 Mey 2012. Retrieved 9 Januar 2014.
  35. ↑ Katriina Pajari (7 December 2008). "Kolmannes maahanmuuttajista asuu Helsingissä – HS.fi – Kaupunki". HS.fi. Archived frae the original on 3 Juin 2009. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  36. ↑ Helsinki Region Statistics Archived 2016-04-22 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 2010-12-10.
  37. ↑ "Kansilehti2.vp" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 26 Mairch 2009. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  38. ↑ "Helsingin Sanomat – International Edition – Metro". Hs.fi. 9 November 2005. Archived frae the original on 19 November 2011. Retrieved 8 Julie 2009.
  39. ↑ Bottled water sells Archived 2009-10-11 at the Wayback Machine, Finnfacts
  40. ↑ "European Institute of Innovation and Technology: Home". Eit.europa.eu. Archived frae the original on 28 Mairch 2010. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  41. ↑ "City of Helsinki appointed World Design Capital 2012". Worlddesigncapital.com. 25 November 2009. Archived frae the original on 28 November 2009. Retrieved 13 Apryle 2010.
  42. ↑ "Media moves". ThisisFINLAND (Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland). Archived frae the original on 1 Mey 2011. Retrieved 20 Februar 2014.
  43. ↑ "Circulation Statistics". The Finnish Audit Bureau of Circulations (Levikintarkastus Oy). Archived frae the original on 1 Juin 2009. Retrieved 25 Julie 2009.
  44. ↑ "World Press Trends: Newspapers Still Reach More Than Internet". World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers. Archived frae the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  45. ↑ "Internet used by 79 per cent of the population at the beginning of 2007". Statistics Finland. Retrieved 22 December 2007.
  46. ↑ "Market Review 2/2007" (PDF). Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority (FICORA). 31 August 2007. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 18 Mairch 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2007.
  47. ↑ "Information technology has become part of Finns' everyday life". Tilastokeskus.fi. Retrieved 17 Februar 2014.
  48. ↑ "1Mb Broadband Access Becomes Legal Right". YLE. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 16 October 2009.
  49. ↑ Video from the Finnish final 2009 against OLS from Oulu: Youtube.com
  50. ↑ [1][deid airtin]
  51. ↑ This is Helsinki, by City of Helsinki
  52. ↑ "EAUE.de" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 23 September 2013. Retrieved 9 Januar 2014.
  53. ↑ "Tietokeskus: suunnatframe". Hel2.fi. Archived frae the original on 12 Julie 2010. Retrieved 8 Julie 2009.
  54. ↑ Lansimetro.fi – an information portal dedicated to the "länsimetro" expansion in the Helsinki capital region.
  55. ↑ Yan, Yangtze (14 Julie 2006). "Beijing, Helsinki forge sister city relationship". Chinese Government. Chinese Government Official Portal. Archived frae the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2013. freemit airtin in |publisher= (help)
  56. ↑ "Sister Cities". Beijing Municipal Government. Archived frae the original on 17 Januar 2010. Retrieved 23 Juin 2009.
  57. ↑ a b c "Partners and Networks". Hel.fi (international section). City of Helsinki. Archived frae the original on 9 Julie 2013. Retrieved 6 August 2013.

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