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States o Brazil

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The Federative Republic o Brazil is a union o twinty-seiven Federative Units (Portuguese: Unidades Federativas (UF)): twinty-sax states (estados; singular estado) an ane federal destrict (Distrito Federal), whare is locatit the federal caipital, Brasília. The states are generally based on historical, conventional borders which hae developit ower time. The federal destrict is no a state in its awn right, but shares some characteristics o a state an some o a municipality. The Federal Destrict is bordered bi the states o Goiás an Minas Gerais. The codes gien belaw are defined in ISO 3166-2:BR.

History

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The first admeenistrative diveesions o Brazil wur the hereditary caiptaincies (capitanias hereditárias), stretches o laund leased tae Portuguese noblemen or merchants wi a chairter tae colonize the laund. The caiptaincies wur tae be passed frae faither tae son, but the croun retained the pouer o revokin it, which the king indeed did in the 16t century. Then the vast Portuguese dominion in Sooth Americae wis dividit atween the State o Brazil, in the soothren hauf, an the State o Maranhão, in the northren hauf (note that Maranhão bi then referred no anerlie tae current Maranhão, but rather tae the whole o the Amazon region; the name marã-nã in auld Tupi leid means "wide river", i.e. the Amazon River).

Efter the Iberie Union (1580–1640), the territory o Portuguese colonial domains in Sooth Americae wis mair nor doubled, an the laund wis dividit intae caiptaincies, ryal caiptaincies an provinces. Unlik Spaingie Americae, the whole territory wis unitit unner a single viceroy, wi a seat in Salvador (an efter 1763, Rio de Janeiro). This situation contributit later tae keepin Brazil as a unifeed naition-state an avoidin the fragmentation o the Spaingie domains.

Wi unthirldom, in 1822, the colony became an empire an aw caiptaincies wur turned intae provinces. Maist internal borders wur kept unchyngit frae the colonial period, generally follaein naitural featurs sic as rivers an muntain ridges. Minor chynges wur made tae suit domestic politics (sic as the Triângulo Mineiro frae Goiás tae Minas Gerais, the splittin o Paraná an the left bank o the São Francisco River frae Pernambuco tae Bahia), as well as additions resultin frae diplomatic dounset o territorial disputes bi the end o the 19t century (Amapá, Roraima, Palmas). Whan Brazil became a republic in 1889, aw provinces wur immediately turned intae states.

In 1943, wi the entrance o Brazil intae the Seicont Warld War, the Vargas regime detached seiven strategic territories frae the mairch o the kintra in order tae admeenister them directly: Amapá, Rio Branco, Acre, Guaporé, Ponta Porã, Iguaçu an the airchipelago o Fernando de Noronha. Efter the war, the first three territories became states, wi Rio Branco an Guaporé bein renamit Roraima an Rondônia, respectively, whilst Ponta Porã an Iguaçu remained as territories. In 1988, Fernando de Noronha became pairt o Pernambuco.

In 1960, the square-shapit Distrito Federal wis carvit oot o Goiás in preparation for the new caipital, Brasília. The previous federal destrict became the state o Guanabara till in 1975 it wis mergit wi the state o Rio de Janeiro, retainin its name an wi the municipality o Rio de Janeiro as its caipital.

In 1977, Mato Grosso wis split intae twa states. The northren aurie retained the name Mato Grosso while the soothren aurie became the state o Mato Grosso do Sul, wi Campo Grande as its caipital. The new Mato Grosso do Sul incorporatit the territory o Ponta Porã an the northren pairt o Iguaçu. Central Iguaçu went tae Paraná, an soothren Iguaçu went tae Santa Catarina.

In 1988, the northren portion o Goiás became the state o Tocantins, wi Palmas as its caipital.

Proposed diveesion o Pará

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On 11 December 2011, a plebiscite wis held in the state o Pará tae consult the population aboot the possibility o splittin the state o Pará intae three different states (Pará, Tapajós an Carajás). Baith Tapajós an Carajás wur rejectit bi the population.

Leet o Brazilian states

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Banner Federative unit Abbreviation Caipital Aurie (km2) Aurie (sq mi) Population (2017) Density (per km2, 2017) Density (per sq mi, 2017) GDP (billion R$ an % tot, 2012) GDP per capita (R$, 2012) HDI (2014) Leeteracy (2014) Infant mortality (2014) Life expectancy (years, 2014)
Acre AC Rio Branco 152,581.4 58,912 829,619 5.44 14 9.629 (0.2%) 12,690 0.719 94% 1.6% 75.4
Alagoas AL Maceió 27,767.7 10,721 3,375,823 121.57 315 29.545 (0.7%) 9,333 0.667 90% 1.7% 73.5
Amapá AP Macapá 142,814.6 55,151 797,722 5.59 14 10.420 (0.2%) 14,914 0.747 99% 1.6% 75.4
Amazonas AM Manaus 1,570,745.7 606,470 4,063,614 2.59 7 64.120 (1.7%) 17,855 0.709 96% 1.9% 73.7
Bahia BA Salvador 564,692.7 218,030 15,344,447 27.17 70 167.727 (3.8%) 11,832 0.703 91% 2.0% 74.3
Ceará CE Fortaleza 148,825.6 57,462 9,020,460 60.61 157 90.132 (2.0%) 10,473 0.716 93% 1.65% 74.9
Distrito Federal DF Brasília 5,822.1 2,249.9 3,039,444 522.05 1,351 171.236 (3.9%) 64,653 0.839 98.8% 0.65% 79.8
Espírito Santo ES Vitória 46,077.5 17,791 4,016,356 87.17 226 107.329 (2.2%) 29,996 0.771 99% 0.48% 80.1
Goiás GO Goiânia 340,086.7 131,310 6,778,772 19.93 52 123.926 (2.4%) 20,134 0.750 97% 0.9% 75.9
Maranhão MA São Luís 331,983.3 128,180 7,000,229 21.09 55 58.920 (1.2%) 8,760 0.678 90% 1.9% 72.5
Mato Grosso MT Cuiabá 903,357.9 348,790 3,344,544 3.70 10 80.830 (1.5%) 25,945 0.767 94% 1.3% 74.6
Mato Grosso do Sul MS Campo Grande 357,125.0 137,890 2,713,147 7.60 20 54.471 (1.0%) 21,744 0.762 97% 0.7% 76.1
Minas Gerais MG Belo Horizonte 586,528.3 226,460 21,119,536 36.01 93 403.551 (9.2%) 20,324 0.769 98.6% 0.61% 78.7
Pará PA Belém 1,247,689.5 481,740 8,366,628 6.71 17 91.009 (1.9%) 11,678 0.675 94% 1.6% 74.2
Paraíba PB João Pessoa 56,439.8 21,792 4,025,558 71.32 185 38.731 (0.8%) 10,151 0.701 92% 1.7% 74.1
Paraná PR Curitiba 199,314.9 76,956 11,320,892 56.80 147 255.927 (5.8%) 24,194 0.790 98% 0.7% 77.8
Pernambuco PE Recife 98,311.6 37,958 9,473,266 96.36 250 117.340 (2.3%) 13,138 0.709 92% 1.9% 74.8
Piauí PI Teresina 251,529.2 97,726 3,219,257 12.80 33 25.721 (0.5%) 8,137 0.675 90% 1.8% 72.7
Rio de Janeiro RJ Rio de Janeiro 43,696.1 16,871 16,718,956 382.62 991 504.221 (11.5%) 31,064 0.778 99% 1.3% 77.1
Rio Grande do Norte RN Natal 52,796.8 20,385 3,507,003 66.42 172 39.544 (0.9%) 12,249 0.717 95.1% 1.38% 76.7
Rio Grande do Sul RS Porto Alegre 281,748.5 108,780 11,322,895 40.19 104 277.658 (6.3%) 25,779 0.779 99% 0.4% 79.3
Rondônia RO Porto Velho 237,576.2 91,729 1,805,788 7.60 20 29.362 (0.6%) 13,075 0.715 94.6% 1.85% 73.7
Roraima RR Boa Vista 224,299.0 86,602 522,636 2.33 6 7.314 (0.2%) 15,557 0.732 94.5% 1.51% 73.5
Santa Catarina SC Florianópolis 95,346.2 36,813 7,001,161 73.43 190 177.276 (4.0%) 27,771 0.813 99% 0.30% 81
São Paulo SP São Paulo 248,209.4 95,834 45,094,866 181.68 471 1,408.904 (32.1%) 33,624 0.819 99% 0.45% 79.8
Sergipe SE Aracaju 21,910.3 8,459.6 2,288,116 104.43 270 27.823 (0.6%) 13,180 0.681 93% 1.8% 73.0
Tocantins TO Palmas 277,620.9 107,190 1,550,194 5.58 14 19.530 (0.4%) 13,775 0.732 94% 1.7% 74.5

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