Canadae–Unitit States relations

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Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau wi U.S. preses Donald Trump in the White House, February 2017.

Canada–Unitit States relations refers tae the bilateral relations atween the bordering kintras o Canadae an the Unitit States. Relations atween Canadae an the Unitit States historically hae been extensive, gien a shared border an ever-increasing[1][2] close cultural, economical ties and seemilarities.[3][4] The shared historical and cultural heritage haes resultit in ane o the maist stable and mutually benefeecial internaitional relationships in the warld. For baith kintras, the level o trade with the ither is at the tap of the annual combined import-export total. Tourism and migration atween the twa naitions hae increased rapport, but border security wis hichtened efter the September 11 terrorist attacks on the Unitit States in 2001.[5] The U.S. is approximately 9.25 times lairger in population and haes the dominant cultural and economic influence. Stiarting with the American Revolution, when anti-American Loyalists fled tae Canadae, a vocal element in Canadae haes warned against US dominance or annexation. The War of 1812 saw invasions across the border. In 1815, the war endit with the border unchynged and demeelitarized, as were the Great Lakes. The Breetish ceased aiding First Naition attacks on American territory, an the Unitit States never again attemptit tae invade Canadae. Apairt frae minor raids, it haes remained peaceful.[6]

As Breetain decidit tae disengage, fears o an American takeover played a role in the formation o the Dominion o Canadae (1867), an Canadae's rejection o free trade (1911). Militar collaboration wis close during World War II and continued throughout the Cauld War, bilaterally through NORAD an multilaterally through NATO. A very heich volume of trade and migration continues atween the twa naitions, as well as a heivy overlapping of popular and elite culture, a dynamic which haes generatit closer ties, especially efter the signing of the Canada–Unitit States Free Trade Agreement in 1988.

The twa naitions hae the warld's langest shared border (8,891 kilometre (5,525 mi)),[7][8] and also have significant interoperability within the defense sphere.[1] Recent difficulties hae includit repeated trade disputes, environmental concerns, Canadian concern for the future of oil exports, and issues of illegal immigration and the threat of terrorism. Trade haes continued to expand, especially follaeing the 1988 FTA and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994 which haes further merged the twa economies.[9][10] Co-operation on mony fronts, such as the ease of the flow of goods, services, and people across borders are tae be even more extended, as well as the establishment of jynt border inspection agencies, relocation of U.S. fuif inspectors agents tae Canadian plants and vice versa, greater sharing of intelligence, and harmonizing regulaitions on everything from fuid tae manufactured goods, thus further increasing the American-Canadian assemblage.[11]

The foreign policies of the neighbours hae been closely aligned syne the Cauld War. Canadae haes disagreed with American poleecies regarding the Vietnam War, the status of Cuba, the Iraq War, Missile Defence, and the War on Terror. A diplomatic debate haes been unnerway in recent years on whether the Northwast Passage is in internaitional watters or unner Canadian sovereignty.

Today there are close cultural ties, many similar and identical traits[12][13][14][15] and according to Gallup's annual public opinion polls, Canada has consistently been Americans' favorite nation, with 96% of Americans viewing Canada favorably in 2012.[16][17] As of spring 2013, 64% of Canadians haed a favorable view of the U.S. and 81% expressit confidence in then-US President Obama tae do the richt thing in internaitional matters. According tae the same poll, 30% viewed the U.S. negatively.[18] Also, according to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 86% of Americans view Canadae's influence positively, with only 5% expressing a negative view. Houaniver, according tae the same poll, 43% of Canadians view U.S. influence positively, with 52% expressing a negative view.[19] In addition, according to Spring 2017 Global Attitudes Survey, 43% of Canadians view U.S. positively, while 51% hold a negative view.[20] Mair recently, houaniver, a poll in January 2018 showed Canadians' approval of U.S. leadership droppit by ower 40 percentage pynts unner Preses Donald Trump, in line with the view of residents of mony ither U.S. allied and neutral kintras.[21]

Country comparison[eedit | eedit soorce]

Unitit States Canadae
Banner
Coat o Airms
Great Seal o the Unitit States
Airms o Canadae
Populations 325,090,579 (March 2017) (3rd)[22] 35,151,728 (2016 census) (38th)[23]
Aurie 9,833,634 km2 (3,796,787 sq mi)[24] 9,984,670 km2 (3,855,103 sq mi)[25]
Population density 35/km2 (87.4/sq mi) 3.41/km2 (8.3/sq mi)
Time zones 9 6
Capital Washington, D.C. Ottawa
Major Ceeties[26][27] New York City
Los Angeles
Chicago
Houston
Philadelphia
San Francisco
Miami 		Toronto
Montreal
Calgary
Vancouver
Edmonton
Govrenment Federal presidential
constitutional republic 		Federal parliamentar democratic
constitutional monarchy
First leader George Washington Sir John A. Macdonald
Current leader(s) President Donald Trump
Rulin political pairty Republican Pairty Leeberal Party
Offeecial leids Nane at federal level, but Inglis de facto Inglis and French
Main releegions 70.6% Christianity, 22.8% non-Religious, 1.9% Judaism, 0.9% Islam, 0.7% Buddhism, 0.7% Hinduism[28] 67.3% Christianity, 23.9% Unaffiliatit, 3.2% Islam, 1.5% Hinduism, 1.4% Sikhism, 1.1% Buddhism, 1.0% Judaism
Human Development Index (2015) 0.920 (verra heich) 0.920 (verra heich)
GDP (nominal) (2014)[29] $17.416 trillion ($54,390 per capita) $1.793 trillion ($50,577 per capita)
GDP (PPP) (2014)[29] $17.416 trillion ($54,390 per capita) $1.578 trillion ($44,519 per capita)
Militar expenditures (2015) $596 billion (3.3% of GDP) $15 billion (1.0% of GDP)

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

  1. ↑ a b James Cudmore. "Canadian military explored plan to fully integrate forces with U.S. – Politics – CBC News". Cbc.ca. Retrieved 4 Januar 2017.
  2. ↑ "George W. Bush: 'Canada, Mexico and US Should Merge'". The Daily Bell. Retrieved 4 Januar 2017.
  3. ↑ July 7, 2011 – by Basil Waugh (7 Julie 2011). "Canadians and Americans are more similar than assumed". News.ubc.ca. Retrieved 4 Januar 2017.
  4. ↑ Francis, Diane (26 October 2013). "US, Canada should merge into one country | New York Post". Nypost.com. Retrieved 4 Januar 2017.
  5. ↑ Victor Konrad an Heather Nicol, Beyond Walls: Re-inventing the Canada-Unitit States Borderlands (2008) pp 49, 128
  6. ↑ John Herd Thompson, Canadae an the Unitit States: ambivalent allies (2008).
  7. ↑ "The Canada-U.S. border: by the numbers". cbc.ca. CBC/Radio-Canada. 7 December 2011. Retrieved 23 Mairch 2016.
  8. ↑ "The world's longest border". Archived frae the original on 4 Julie 2015. Retrieved 1 Apryle 2008.
  9. ↑ Hills, Carla A. "NAFTA's Economic Upsides: The View from the United States." Foreign Affairs 93 (2014): 122.
  10. ↑ Michael Wilson, "NAFTA's Unfinished Business: The View from Canada." Foreign Affairs (2014) 93#1 pp: 128+.
  11. ↑ "Harper, Obama to begin security talks | CTV News". Ctvnews.ca. 3 Februar 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  12. ↑ Waugh, Basil (7 Julie 2011). "Canadians and Americans are more similar than assumed". News.ubc.ca.
  13. ↑ Maich, Steve. "Canadians and Americans Think a Lot Alike". Thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.
  14. ↑ "United North America". Unitednorthamerica.org. Archived frae the original on 25 Julie 2016. Retrieved 18 Julie 2016. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help) "Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 25 Julie 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ↑ "Americans and Canadians". Pewglobal.org. 14 Januar 2004.
  16. ↑ "In U.S., Canada Places First in Image Contest; Iran Last". Gallup.com. 19 Februar 2010. Retrieved 26 Februar 2011. published in 2010.
  17. ↑ Americans Give Record-High Ratings to Several U.S. Allies Gallup
  18. ↑ See Jacob Poushter and Bruce Drake, "Americans’ views of Mexico, Canada diverge as Obama attends ‘Three Amigos’ summit" Pew research Center February 19, 2014
  19. ↑ "Negative views of Russia on the Rise: Global Poll" (PDF). Downloads.bbc.co.uk. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 2 October 2018. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
  20. ↑ "US Image Report" (PDF). 26 Juin 2017. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 21 Julie 2017. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (help) "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 21 Julie 2017. Retrieved 9 August 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  21. ↑ "World's Approval of U.S. Leadership Drops to New Low". Gallup. 18 Januar 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
  22. ↑ "U.S. & World Population Clocks". Us Census Bureau. Mey 2012. Retrieved 17 October 2012.
  23. ↑ The Daily — Population size and growth in Canada: Key results from the 2016 Census
  24. ↑ "United States". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 Mairch 2016.
  25. ↑ "Canada". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 Mairch 2016.
  26. ↑ "American FactFinder – Results". United States Census Bureau. Archived frae the original on 14 Julie 2018. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  27. ↑ "Population and Dwelling Count Highlight Tables, 2011 Census". Statistics Canada.
  28. ↑ "America's Changing Religious Landscape". Pew Research Center. Pew Research Center. 12 Mey 2015. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  29. ↑ a b "GDP 2014".

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