Ryal burgh
A Ryal Burgh is a kynd o burgh that's alanerly uised ceremonial purposes the day.
A ryal burgh is a burgh that haes been foondit bi, or efter-haund been gien a ryal chairter.
Maist ryal burghs wis sea ports, an ilkane wis aither creatit bi the croun, or upheized fae anither status, sic as burgh o barony. An important document for ilka burgh wis its burgh chairter, creatin the burgh or homologatin the richts o the burgh as setten doun (aiblins verbatim) bi an aforegaun monarch. Ilka ryal burgh (wi the exception o fower 'ineffective burghs') wis representit in the Pairlament o Scotland an coud appynt bailies wi braid pouers in ceevil an creeminal juistice. Bi 1707 there wis 70 ryal burghs.
The Ryal Burghs Act 1833 reformed the election o the toun cooncils that governed ryal burghs. Thaim that wis qualifee'd tae vote in pairlamentary elections unner the Reform Act o 1832 wis nou enteetlt tae elect burgh cooncillors.
The day the teetle is alanerly o ceremonial status, wi ryal burghs lossin their local government functions in 1975 acause o the Local Government (Scotland) Act 0 1973. Houaniver, airticle XXI o the Act o Union o 1707 that states that the richts an preevileges o the ryal burghs in Scotland as they nou are remains entire efter the Union an for aw that, is aye extant.
Oreegins
[eedit | eedit soorce]Afore the ring o Dauvit I o Scotland, Scotland haed nae touns as we ken the day. The closest thing tae sicna touns wis the lairger than ordinar hatter o fowk aboot lairge monasteries, sic as Dunkeld an St Andraes, an signeeficant regional fortifications. Scotland, ootwi Lowden at least, wis populatit bi a sperfle o clachans, an outwi that airt, wantit the continental style o mercat touns. Dauvit I estaiblisht the first burghs in Scotland, foremaist anerly in Scots-speakin Lowden. The earliest burghs, foondit bi 1124, wis Berwick an Roxburgh. Houaniver, bi 1130, Dauvit haed estaiblisht burghs in the Gaelic airts: Stirling, Dunfermline, Perth an Scone, alang wiEdinburrie, wis burghs bi 1130. The conquest o Moray in the selsame year, led tae the estaiblishment o burghs at Elgin and Forres. Afore Dauvit dee'd, St Andraes, Montrose an Aiberdeen wis burghs an aw. In the rings o Máel Coluim IV an William, Innerness, Bamff, Cullen, Auldearn, Nairn, Inverurie, Kintore, Brechin, Farfar, Arbroath, Dundee, Lanrick, Dumfries an (kenspeckle for the wast coast) Ayr wis aw made burghs. New Lowden burghs also cam tae the fore at Haddintoun in East Lowden alng wi Leith an Peebles. Bi 1210, there wis 40 burghs in the Scots kinrick. Rosemarkie, Dingwaw an Cromarty wis burghs bi the Scots Wars o Independence an aw.
Dauvitd I estaiblisht the first burghs, an their chairters an Leges Burgorum (rules governin maist ilka aspect o life an wark in a burgh) wis copied awmaist verbatim fae the customs o Newcastle upon Tyne. He for the maist pairt brocht the burgh intae his "Scots" domeenions fae his English anes. Burghs wis for the maist pairt populatit by ootland fowk, raither nor hamelt Scots or e'en Lowden bodies. The predominant ethnic group wis the Fleemins, but early burgers wis English, French an laich-Saxon an aw. The burgh’s vocabular wis made haily o aither Germanic terms (no necessar or e'en tae the maist pairt Scots) sic as craft, ruid, gild, gate an wynd, or French anes sic as provost, bailie, vennel, port an ferm. The cooncils that ran indiveedual burghs wis indiveedually kent as lie doussane, meanin the dizzen.
List o ryal burghs
[eedit | eedit soorce]Bi 1153 (ryal)
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Aiberdeen (haes syne haed ryal burgh status taen awa whan Ceety status wis gien)
- Berwick-Upon-Tweed
- Edinburgh (haes syne haed ryal burgh status taen awa whan Ceety status wis gien)
- Dunfermline
- Elgin
- Forres
- Lithgae
- Montrose
- Peebles
- Perth
- Rutglen
- Roxburgh (haes syne haed ryal burgh status taen awa: the oreeginal settlement is nocht mair nor a clachan)
- Stirlin (has syne haed ryal burgh status taen awa whan Ceety status wis gien)
Bi 1153 (Burghs passin atween the king an ither lairds)
[eedit | eedit soorce]Bi 1153 (Burghs hauden bi ither lairds)
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Canongate (nou pairt of Edinburrie)
- St Andraes
Bi 1214 (ryal)
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Ayr
- Auldearn
- Bamff
- Cullen
- Dumfries
- Farfar
- Inverkeithing
- Innerness (has syne haed ryal burgh status taen awa whan Ceety status wis gien)
- Jeddart
- Kinghorn
- Kintore
- Leith (has syne haed ryal burgh status taen awa; nou pairt o Edinburrie)
- Nairn
Bi 1214 (Burghs passin atween the king an ither lairds)
[eedit | eedit soorce]Bi 1214 (Burghs hauden bi ither lairds)
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Annan
- Arbroath
- Brechin
- Dundee (the ae Scots ceety tae haud on tae ryal burgh status an aw)
- Glesgae (has syne haed ryal burgh status taen awa whan Ceety status wis gien)
- Kirkintilloch
- Prestwick