Hadera
Hadera
| |
|---|---|
| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • ISO 259 | Ḥdera |
 | |
 | |
  Hadera | |
| Coordinates: 32°27′N 34°55′E / 32.450°N 34.917°ECoordinates: 32°27′N 34°55′E / 32.450°N 34.917°E | |
| Destrict |  Haifa |
| Foondit | 1890 |
| Govrenment | |
| • Teep | Ceety (frae 1952) |
| • Mayor | Tzvika Gendelman |
| Area | |
| • Total | 53 km2 (20 sq mi) |
| Population (2015)[1] | |
| • Total | 88,783 |
| • Density | 1,700/km2 (4,300/sq mi) |
| Name meanin | Green (in Arabic) |
| Website | www.hadera.muni.il |
Hadera (Hebrew: חֲדֵרָה, Ḥadera; Arabic: الخضيرة, Al-Ḫuḍayraḧ) is a ceety locatit in the Haifa Destrict o Israel approximately 45 kilometers (28.0 mi) frae the major ceeties o Tel Aviv an Haifa. The ceety is locatit alang 45 kilometers (28.0 mi) aff the Israeli Mediterranean Coastal Plain. In 2015 it haed a population o 88,783, which includes a heich proportion o immigrants syne 1990, notably frae Ethiopie an the Soviet Union.[2]
Hadera wis established in 1891 as a farmin colony bi members o the Zionist group, Hovevei Zion, frae Lithuanie an Latvie. Bi 1948, it wis a regional centre wi a population o 11,800. It wis declared a ceety in 1952. Wi an aurie o jurisdiction o 53,000 dunams.[3]
Several projects are unner wey tae improve the quality o life in Hadera, includin regeneratin the ceety center, constructin a hie-tech business pairk, an biggin the warld's lairgest desalination plant.[3]
History
[eedit | eedit soorce]Early years
[eedit | eedit soorce]Hadera wis foondit in 1891, in the early days modren Zionism bi Eastren European immigrants frae Lithuanie an Latvie on land purchased bi Yehoshua Hankin, kent as the Redeemer o the Valley.[3][4] The land wis purchased frae Christian effendi Selim Khuri. This wis the lairgest purchase o land in Palestine bi a Zionist group, awtho the land wis o law quality an maistly swampland. The anerlie indwallers prior tae the purchase wur a few families raisin watter buffaloes an sellin reeds.[5] The toun mey derive its name frae the Arabic wird khadra, meanin "green" in reference tae the wild weeds which covered the mairshes on which the toun is biggit.[4]
The first settlers lived in a hoose kent as the Khan near Hadera's main synagogue.[6] Initially, Hadera wis a lonely ootpost o 10 families an 4 guards. In its early years, housomeivver, the toun haed issues wi land awnership haein drained the swamps wi the aid o Egyptian wirkers sent tae them bi Baron Edmond de Rothschild.[7]
Auld tombstanes in the local cemetery reveal that oot o a population o 540, 210 dee'd o malaria.[8] Relations atween the residents o Hadera an Bedouins wur poor an guardin o the field wis designatit tae the HaShomer organisation. Bi the early twintiet century, the toun haed acome a regional economic center.[3] Land disputes in the aurie went away till the 1930s, bi which time, the population haed grown tae 2,002 in 1931.[4][5] Free schoolin wis introduced in the ceety in 1937 in aw schools apairt frae the Histadrut schuil.[9]
After 1948
[eedit | eedit soorce]
Hadera's population began tae grow dramatically efter Israeli unthirldom in 1948 as immigrants flocked tae the kintra. Includit in the immigrants tae the ceety wur no anerlie Roushie an ither European immigrants but an aa 40 Yemenite families.[8] In 1952, Hadera wis declared a ceety,[3] an in 1953, Israel's first paper mill opened in the ceety. Sponsored bi investors frae athin Israel as well as frae the Unitit States, Brazil, an Australie, the mill wis designed tae meet aw o Israel's paper needs.[10] It wis an aa at this time that the Givat Olga neighborhuid wis constructit on the coast, an Beit Eliezer in the east o the ceety.[3]
Frae the 1990s
[eedit | eedit soorce]The ceety grew dramatically durin the 1990s as it absorbed lairge nummers o Roushie an Ethiopian immigrants.[3][4] Hadera, considered a safe place bi its indwallers, wis joltit bi several acts o terrorism, includin a suicide bomber who blew hissel up at a falafel staund on October 26, 2005, killin five ceevilians.[11] Housomeivver, syne the construction o the nearbi Wast Bank barrier, the frequency o sic incidents haes dropped drastically. On August 4, 2006, three rockets fired bi Hezbollah hit Hadera. Hadera is 50 mile (80 km) sooth o the Lebanese border an merked the farthest pynt inside Israel hit bi Hezbollah.[12]
Internaitional relations
[eedit | eedit soorce]Twin touns — Sister ceeties
[eedit | eedit soorce]Hadera is twinned wi:
Charlotte, North Carolina in the Unitit States[13] syne 2008
Haren, Groningen in the Netherlands
Nuremberg in Germany syne 1995- Saint Paul, Minnesota in the Unitit States since 1981
- Jacksonville, Florida in the Unitit States
- Big Spring, Texas in the Unitit States
Rizhao in the Fowkrepublic o Cheenae
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ "List of localities, in Alphabetical order" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
- ↑ "Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2010-30-06. Retrieved 2010-10-30. Check date values in:
|date=(help) - ↑ a b c d e f g "New Urbanism, Israeli Style". Haaretz. Archived frae the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 28 November 2008.
- ↑ a b c d "Hadera". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived frae the original on 21 November 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ↑ a b Avneri, Aryeh L. (1984). The Claim of Dispossession: Jewish Land-Settlement and the Arabs, 1878-1948. Transaction Publishers. p. 93. ISBN 0878559647. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ↑ Jacobs, Daniel (1998). Israel and the Palestinian Territories: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. ISBN 1858282489. Retrieved 25 October 2008. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ↑ Gilbert, Martin (1998). Israel, a History. Morrow. p. 9. ISBN 0688123627.
- ↑ a b Winter, Dave (1999). Israel Handbook. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 532. ISBN 1900949482. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ↑ Sternhell, Zeev (1999). The Founding Myths of Israel: Nationalism, Socialism, and the Making of the Jewish State. Princeton University Press. p. 255. ISBN 0691009678. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ↑ "First Paper Mill Opened in Israel; Plant at Hadera is Expected to Help Nation Cut Currency Gap $1,000,000 a Year". New York Times. 18 December 1953. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ↑ "Five die in Israel market bombing". BBC News. 27 October 2005. Retrieved 5 Januar 2010.
- ↑ "For first time: Hizbullah targets Hadera area". Ynet News. 4 August 2006. Retrieved 30 November 2008.
- ↑ "Charlotte Sister Cities Worldwide - Hadera". Retrieved 30 November 2008.[deid airtin]
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