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Sri Lanka

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Coordinates: 7°N 81°E / 7°N 81°E / 7; 81

Democratic Socialist Republic o Sri Lanka

ශ්‍රී ලංකා ප්‍රජාතාන්ත්‍රික සමාජවාදී ජනරජය (Sinhala)
Srī Lankā prajātāntrika samājavādī janarajaya
இலங்கை ஜனநாயக சோசலிச குடியரசு (Tamil)
Ilaṅkai jaṉanāyaka sōsalisa kuṭiyarasu
Anthem: "Sri Lanka Matha"
Mither Sri Lanka
Location o Sri Lanka
Location o Sri Lanka
CaipitalSri Jayawardenepura Kotte
(Admeenistrative)
Colombo (Commercial)
6°56′N 79°52′E / 6.933°N 79.867°E / 6.933; 79.867
Lairgest ceetyColombo
Offeecial leids
RecognisedInglis
Ethnic groups
(2012[2])
74.9% Sinhalese
11.2% Sri Lankan Tamils
9.2% Sri Lankan Moors
4.2% Indie Tamils
0.5% ither
Releegion
Demonym(s)Sri Lankan
GovrenmentUnitar semi-presidential constitutional republic
• Preses
Gotabhaya Rajapaksa
Mahinda Rajapaksa
Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena
Jayantha Jayasuriya
LegislaturParliament
Unthirldom 
Aurie
• Total
65,610 km2 (25,330 sq mi) (120t)
• Water (%)
4.4
Population
• 2017 estimate
21,444,000[4] (58t)
• 2012 census
20,277,597[5] (57t)
• Density
327/km2 (846.9/sq mi) (43rd)
GDP (PPP)2018 estimate
• Total
$298.310 billion[6]
• Per capita
$13,847[6]
GDP (nominal)2018 estimate
• Tot
$86.607 billion[6]
• Per capita
$4,020[6]
Gini (2010)36.4[7]
medium
HDI (2016)Increase 0.766[8]
heich · 73rd
CurrencySri Lankan rupee (LKR)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (SLST)
Date format
  • dd-mm-yyyy
  • yyyy-mm-dd
Drivin sidecaur
Cawin code+94
ISO 3166 codeLK
Internet TLD
Wabsteid
www.gov.lk
Territorial Organization

The Democratic Socialist Republic o Sri Lanka (commonly kent as Sri Lanka (/[unsupported input]sriːˈlɑːŋkə/, /sriːˈlæŋkə/, or /ʃriː ˈlɑːŋkə/ ( listen));[9][10] Sinhala: ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Tamil: இலங்கை) is a kintra aff the soothren coast o the Indian subcontinent. An island naition in Sooth Asie, it wis till 1972 kent as Ceylon (/[unsupported input]sᵻˈlɒn/, /seɪˈlɒn/, or /siːˈlɒn/). Sri Lanka is surroondit bi the Indian Ocean, the Gulf o Mannar, the Palk Strait an lies in the vicinity o Indie an Maldives.

Sri Lanka is a republic an a unitary state which is governed bi a semi-presidential seestem wi its offeecial seat o government in Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte, the caipital.

As a result o its location in the path o major sea routes, Sri Lanka is a strategic naval link atween Wast Asie an Sootheast Asie.[11] It haes an aa been a centre o the Buddhist releegion an cultur frae auncient times an is ane o the few remainin abodes o Buddhism in Sooth Asie alang wi Ladakh, Bhutan an the Chittagong hill tracts[12] The Sinhalese community forms the majority o the population; Tamils, who are concentratit in the north an east o the island, form the lairgest ethnic minority. Ither communities include Moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays an the aboreeginal Vedda fowk.

The kintra is famous for the production an export o tea, coffee, coconuts, rubber an cinnamon, the latter which is native tae the kintra.[13] The naitural beauty Sri Lanka haes led tae the title The Pearl o the Indian Ocean, it is full o lush tropical forests, white beaches an diverse landscape throughoot alang wi a rich biodiversity. The kintra lays claim tae a lang an colorful history o ower three thoosan years, haein ane o the langest documentit histories in the warld. Sri Lanka's rich cultur can be attributit tae the mony different communities in the island. Sri Lanka is a foondin member state o SAARC an a member o the Unitit Nations, Commonweel o Naitions, G77 an Non-Aligned Movement.

Name

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Main airticle: Names o Sri Lanka
Relatit page: Leet o kintra name etymologies

In auncient times, Sri Lanka wis kent bi a variety o names: auncient Greek geographers cawed it Taprobane[14] (/[unsupported input]təˈprɒbəniː/) an Arabs referred tae it as Serendib (the oreegin o the wird "serendipity").[15] Ceilão wis the name gien tae Sri Lanka bi the Portuguese when thay arrived in 1505,[16] which wis transliteratit intae Inglis as Ceylon.[17] As a Breetish croun colony, the island wis kent as Ceylon, an achieved unthirldom unner the name Dominion o Ceylon in 1948.

In Sinhala the kintra is kent as ශ්‍රී ලංකා śrī laṃkā, IPA: [ʃɾiːˈlaŋkaː], an the island itsel as ලංකාව laṃkāva, IPA: [laŋˈkaːʋə]. In Tamil thay are baith இலங்கை ilaṅkai, IPA: [iˈlaŋɡai]. The name derives frae the Sanskrit श्री लंका śrī (venerable) an lankā (island),[18] the name o the island in the auncient Indian epics Mahabharata an the Ramayana.

In 1972, the offeecial name o the kintra wis chynged tae "Free, Sovereign an Independent Republic o Sri Lanka". In 1978 it wis chynged tae the "Democratic Socialist Republic o Sri Lanka".[19]

The name Ceylon is still in uise in the names o a nummer o organisations; in 2011, the Sri Lankan government annoonced a plan tae rename aw o those for which it is responsible.[20]

[21]

References

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  1. ↑ "Department of Official Languages". Archived frae the original on 6 September 2016. Retrieved 9 Februar 2018.
  2. ↑ "South Asia ::SRI LANKA". CIA The World Factbook. Archived frae the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 9 Februar 2018.
  3. ↑ "Sri Lanka Census of Population and Housing, 2011 – Population by Religion" (PDF). Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. 20 Apryle 2012. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 24 Januar 2013. Retrieved 9 Februar 2018.
  4. ↑ "Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 9 Februar 2018.
  5. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing 2011 Enumeration Stage February – March 2012" (PDF). Department of Census and Statistics – Sri Lanka. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 6 December 2013. Retrieved 15 Julie 2014.
  6. ↑ a b c d "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2016". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 20 Mey 2017.
  7. ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2011.
  8. ↑ "2016 Human Development Report Statistical Annex" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 2016. p. 211. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  9. ↑ ""Sri Lanka" in several reference works". Dictionary.reference.com. Archived frae the original on 13 Mey 2011. Retrieved 2 Juin 2010.
  10. ↑ "Carnegie Mellon University Pronouncing Dictionary". Speech.cs.cmu.edu. Archived frae the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 2 Juin 2010.
  11. ↑ British Prime Minister Winston Churchill described the moment a Japanese fleet prepared to invade Sri Lanka as "the most dangerous and distressing moment of the entire conflict." – Commonwealth Air Training Program Museum, The Saviour of Ceylon Archived 2007-10-22 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ "BBC.co.uk". BBC News. 2 October 2002. Retrieved 2 Juin 2010.
  13. ↑ "Cinnamon". Encyclopaedia Britannica. 2008. (species Cinnamomum zeylanicum), bushy evergreen tree of the laurel family (Lauraceae) native tae Bangladesh, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), the neighboring Malabar Coast of India, and Myanmar (Burma), and also cultivated in South America and the West Indies for the spice consisting of its dried inner bark. The bark is widely usied as a spice due tae its distinct odor.
  14. ↑ Abeydeera, Ananda. "In Search of Taprobane: the Western discovery and mapping of Ceylon". Retrieved 4 Juin 2007.
  15. ↑ "Sri Lanka — The Pearl of the Orient". Metropolis. Archived frae the original on 27 October 2002. Retrieved 4 Juin 2007."Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 27 October 2002. Retrieved 6 Januar 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  16. ↑ Rajasingham, K T. "Sri Lanka: The untold story". Asia Times. Archived frae the original on 9 November 2016. Retrieved 4 Juin 2007.
  17. ↑ Zubair, Lareef. "Etymologies of Lanka, Serendib, Taprobane and Ceylon". Archived frae the original on 22 Apryle 2007. Retrieved 4 Juin 2007."Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 22 Apryle 2007. Retrieved 6 Januar 2011.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  18. ↑ de Silva, Colin (14 Februar 1982). "Sri Lanka, The 'Resplendent Isle'". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 Juin 2007. Cite has empty unkent parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  19. ↑ "Chapter I — The People, The State And Sovereignty". THe Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Archived frae the original on 31 Mey 2014. Retrieved 4 Juin 2007.
  20. ↑ Sri Lanka erases colonial name, Ceylon, BBC News, 1 January 2011
  21. ↑ Sri Lanka Income Tax System


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