Libie Ceevil War (2011)
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The Libie ceevil war[44] (an aw referred tae as the Libie revolution[45]) wis an airmit conflict in the North African state o Libie, focht atween forces lyal tae Colonel Muammar Gaddafi an those seeking tae oust his govrenment.[46][47] The war wis precedit bi protests in Benghazi beginnin on 15 Februar 2011, which led tae clashes wi security forces that fired on the croud.[48] The protests escalatit intae a rebellion that spread athort the kintra,[49] wi the forces opposin Gaddafi establishin an interim govrenin body, the Naitional Transitional Cooncil.
The Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil passed an initial resolution on 26 Februar, freezin the assets o Gaddafi an his inner circle an restrictin thair traivel, an referrit the matter tae the Internaitional Creeminal Court for investigation.[50] In early Mairch, Gaddafi's forces ralliet, pushed eastwards an re-teuk several coastal ceeties afore attackin Benghazi. A further U.N. resolution authorised member states tae establish an enforce a nae-flee zone ower Libie.[51] The Gaddafi government then annoonced a ceasefire, but failed tae uphauld it.[52]
In August, rebel forces engaged in a coastal offensive an teuk maist o thair lost territory, an capturit the caipital ceety o Tripoli,[53] while Gaddafi evadit captur an lyalists engagit in a rearguard campaign.[54] On 16 September 2011, the Naitional Transitional Cooncil wis recognised bi the Unitit Naitions as the legal representative o Libie, replacin the Gaddafi govrenment. Muammar Gaddafi remained at lairge till 20 October 2011, when he wis capturit an killed attemptin tae escape frae Sirt.[55] The Naitional Transitional Cooncil declarit the leeberation o Libie an the offeecial end o the war on 23 October 2011.[56]
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ "Ferocious Battles in Libya as National Council Meets for First Time". News Limited. 6 Mairch 2011. Archived frae the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 27 Mairch 2011.
- ↑ a b Dagher, Sam (21 Juin 2011). "Libya City Torn by Tribal Feud". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 Julie 2011.
- ↑ a b Von Rohr, Mathieu (26 Julie 2011). "Tribal Rivalries Complicate Libyan War". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 26 Julie 2011.
- ↑ "Libya Live Blog – 5 March". Al Jazeera. 5 Mairch 2011. Archived frae the original on 17 August 2011. Retrieved 26 Julie 2011.
- ↑ "NTC asks NATO to extend Libya presence". Al Jazeera English. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.
- ↑ "Libya's Mustafa Abdul Jalil asks Nato to stay longer". BBC News. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.
- ↑ Black, Ian (26-10-2011). "Qatar admits sending hundreds of troops to support Libya rebels". The Guardian. Retrieved 20-11-2011. Check date values in:
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(help) - ↑ George Malbrunot (06-11-2011). "5 000 Forces spéciales du Qatar avaient été déployées en Libye". Le Figaro. Retrieved 20-11-2011. Check date values in:
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(help) (in French) - ↑ Staff (29 July 2011). "Last Libyan Mission for Norway's F16S To Fly Tomorrow" Archived 2012-11-23 at the Wayback Machine. Agenzia Giornalistica Italia. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ↑ "Jordanian Fighters Protecting Aid Mission". The Jordan Times. 6 Apryle 2011. Retrieved 6 Apryle 2011.
- ↑ Staff (25 Mairch 2011). "UAE Updates Support to UN Resolution 1973". WAM (Emirates News Agency). Retrieved 26 Mairch 2011.
- ↑ "Libya's Tribal Politics Key to Gaddafi's Fate". Stabroek News. 23 Februar 2011. Retrieved 26 Julie 2011.
- ↑ "Is Libya's Gaddafi Turning to Foreign Mercenaries?". Reuters. 24 Februar 2011. Archived frae the original on 30 November 2011. Retrieved 6 Juin 2011.
- ↑ "Mali fears as Tuaregs return from Libya". Cape Town, South Africa: News24. 16 October 2011. Archived frae the original on 13 September 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
- ↑ "Gadhafi Using Foreign Children As Mercenaries In Libya". NPR. 3 Mairch 2011.
- ↑ Meo, Nick (27 Februar 2011). "African Mercenaries in Libya Nervously Await Their Fate". The Daily Telegraph. London.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ "Libya: Gaddafi and His Mali-Chad Tuareg Mercenaries". Afrik News. 24 Mairch 2011.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Staff (19 February 2011) "Scores Die in Third Day of Libya's Anti-Gaddafi Protests – Gaddafi Recruits 'African Mercenaries' To Quell Protests". Al Arabiya. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
- ↑ Swaine, Jon (27 February 2011). "Libya: African Mercenaries 'Immune from Prosecution for War Crimes' – African Mercenaries Hired by the Gaddafi Regime To Kill Libyan Protesters Would Be Immune from Prosecution for War Crimes Due to a Clause in This Weekend's UN Resolution That Was Demanded by the United States". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 March 2011.
- ↑ http://twitter.com/#!/AP
- ↑ "AJE Live Blog". Blogs.aljazeera.net. 20 October 2011. Archived frae the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ "Fighters clash again near Tripoli, several dead". Archived frae the original on 17 December 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
- ↑ Fresh clashes in Libya’s Bani Walid; U.N. says 7,000 held in militia prisons
- ↑ "Middle East Unrest – Live Blog". Reuters. Archived frae the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 6 Juin 2011.
- ↑ Staff (8 Mairch 2011). "Libya's Opposition Leadership Comes into Focus". Stratfor (via Business Insider). Retrieved 26 Mairch 2011.
- ↑ Staff (10 Mairch 2011). "The Battle for Libya: The Colonel Fights Back – Colonel Muammar Qaddafi Is Trying To Tighten His Grip on the West, While the Rebels' Inexperience Leaves Them Vulnerable in the East". The Economist. Retrieved 26 Mairch 2011.
- ↑ Staff (25 Mairch 2011). "Canadian To Lead NATO's Libya Mission". CBC News. Retrieved 26 Mairch 2011.
- ↑ "Libya: Bulldozers raze Gaddafi Bab al-Aziziya compound". Bbc.co.uk. 16 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ "Nato strike 'kills Gaddafi's youngest son' - Africa". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ "Feature Report - Long summer of civil war in Libya". Defencenews.com.au. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ "Armed militia members haven't been integrated into new Libya". www.feb17.info. Retrieved 30 November 2011.
- ↑ "Gadhafi Asks Obama To Call Off NATO Military Campaign". via CTV News. 6 Apryle 2011. Archived frae the original on 19 Januar 2012. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ↑ Staff (10 Mairch 2011). "Libya: How the Opposing Sides Are Armed". BBC News. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ↑ "Airman Killed in Road Accident in Italy". BBC (retrieved 26 Oct 2011).
- ↑ Staff (3 Mairch 2011). "Three Dutch Marines Captured During Rescue in Libya". BBC News. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ↑ Wan, William (23 October 2011). "Prisoners in Libya languish without charge". Washingtonpost.com. Archived frae the original on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ "Residents flee Gaddafi hometown". News.smh.com.au. 3 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ "Libyan Rebels Accused of Arbitrary Arrests, Torture". CNN. 5 Juin 2011.
- ↑ 300 preesoners in Benghazi,[1] Archived 2011-08-12 at the Wayback Machine 230 preesoners in Misrata,[2] 52 preesoners in Nalut,[3] 13 preesoners in Yafran,[4] 50 preesoners in al-Galaa,[5][deid airtin] 147 preesoners in Zintan [6] 600 preesoners in Tripoli [7] Archived 2012-03-30 at the Wayback Machine 150 [Battle of Sirte (2011)|prisoners in Sirte] minimum of 1,542 reported captured
- ↑ "Libya". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ "A Visual Look Back at the Libyan Revolution". PBS. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Barker, Anne (24 Februar 2011). "Time Running Out for Cornered Gaddafi". ABC News. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ↑ Wyatt, Edward (26 Februar 2011). "Security Council Calls for War Crimes Inquiry in Libya". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 Februar 2011.
- ↑ "Security Council Authorizes 'All Necessary Measures' To Protect Civilians in Libya". UN News Centre. 17 Mairch 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ↑ "Gadhafi Blasts 'Crusader' Aggression After Strikes – American and European Forces Attack Libya's Air Defenses". MSNBC. 19 Mairch 2011. Archived frae the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
- ↑ "Who is Saif al-Islam Gadhafi?". CNN. 21 August 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ "Gaddafi killed as Libya's revolt claims hometown". Reuters. 20 October 2011. Archived frae the original on 22 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011.
- ↑ "NTC declares 'Liberation of Libya'". Al Jazeera English. 23 October 2011. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
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