Battle o Breetain
| Battle o Breetain | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pairt o the Seicont Warld War | |||||||
 An Observer Corps spatter scans the skies o Lunnon. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Unitit Kinrick Canadae[nb 1][nb 2] |
 Germany Italy | ||||||
| Commanders an leaders | |||||||
 Hugh Dowding Keith Park T. Leigh-Mallory Quintin Brand Richard Saul L. Samuel Breadner  Zdzisław Krasnodębski |
 Hermann Göring Albert Kesselring Hugo Sperrle Hans-Jürgen Stumpff R. C. Fougier[5] | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
 Royal Air Force Ryal CanadianAir Force |
 Luftwaffe Corpo Aereo Italiano | ||||||
| Strenth | |||||||
| 1,963 serviceable aircraft [nb 5] | 2,550 serviceable aircraft. [nb 6][nb 7] | ||||||
| Casualties an losses | |||||||
|
1,542 aircrew killt[11] 422 aircrew woundit[12] 1,744 aircraft destroyed[nb 8] |
2,585 aircrew killt an missin, 925 capturt, 735 woundit[14] 1,977 aircraft destroyed, 1,634 in combat an 343 non-combat[15] | ||||||
| Aroond 90,000 ceevilian casualties, 40,000 o them fatal.[16] | |||||||
The Battle o Breetain (German: Luftschlacht um England, leeterally "The Air Battle for Ingland") wis a militar campaign o the Seicont Warld War, in that the Ryal Air Force (RAF) defendit the Unitit Kinrick (UK) against lairge-scale attacks bi Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe.
Notes
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ Stacey, p.256: "Even as Britain braced itself to meet the attack of the Luftwaffe, the nice legalities of Commonwealth cooperation had to be observed. But the R.C.A.F., like the Canadian Army, was determined that there should be no possibility of these formalities conferring any advantage on the enemy. To avoid misunderstanding, delay and perhaps embarrassment, and doubtless to emphasize the point that No. 1 Squadron was, after all, a Canadian unit, Air Commodore Walsh early brought the necessity of conforming to the Visiting Forces Acts to the attention of the Air Officer Commanding No. 11 Group R.A.F., under whom the squadron would fight..."
- ↑ The Pols, Czech an maist ither naitional contingents war, at this time, incorporatit intae the RAF itsel: the Pols Air Force, for ensaumple, wis nae gien sovereignty till Juin 1944.[1] Awtho unner RAF operational control, RCAF pilots in the BoB war technically fleein for the RCAF
- ↑ The Breetish date the battle frae 10 Julie tae 31 October 1940, that representit the maist intense period o daylicht bombin.[2] German historians uosually place the beginnin o the battle in Mey 1940 an end it mid-August 1941, wi the widrawal o the bomber units in preparation for Operation Barbarossa, the campaign against the Soviet Union, that begoud on 22 Juin 1941.[2]
- ↑ For ensaumple: Terraine states that the ootcome wis "decisive"; quotin Luftwaffe General Werner Kreipe, that descrived it as a "strategic (Luftwaffe) failyie" an "turnin pynt in the Seicont Warld War". It an aw states the "German Air Force wis bled awmaist tae daith, an suifered losses that coud niver be made guid ootthrou the coorse o the war". Quotin Dr (Karl) Klee "The invasion an subjugation o Breetain wis made tae depend on that battle, an its ootcome tharefore materially influenced the further coorse an fate o the war as a hale".[4]
Ither references that can be consultit include::Shulman 2004, p. 63.:Bungay 2000, p. 368.:Hough and Richards 2007, p. XV.:Overy 2001, p. 267.:Deighton 1980, p. 213.:Keegan 1997, p. 81.:Buell 2002, p. 83.:Terraine 1985, p. 181. - ↑ 754 single-seat fechters, 149 twa-seat fechters, 560 bombers an 500 coastal aircraft. The RAF fechter strenth gien is for 0900 1 Julie 1940, while bomber strength is for 11 July 1940.[6]
- ↑ Feegurs taken frae Quartermaster General 6t Battalion returns on 10 August 1940. Accordin tae thir, the Luftwaffe deployed 3,358 aircraft against Breetain, o that 2,550 war serviceable. The force wis made up bi 934 single-seat fechters, 289 twa-seat fechters, 1,482 medium bombers, 327 dive-bombers, 195 reconnaissance an 93 coastal aircraft, includin unserviceable aircraft. The nummer o serviceable aircraft amoontit tae 805 single-seat fechters, 224 twa-seat fechters, 998 medium bombers, 261 dive-bombers, 151 reconnaissance an 80 coastal aircraft.[7]
- ↑ The Luftwaffe possessed 4,074 aircraft, but nae aw o thir war deployed against Breetain. The force wis made up o 1,107 single-seat fechters, 357 twa-seat fechters, 1,380 medium bombers, 428 dive-bombers, 569 reconnaissance an 233 coastal aircraft, includin unserviceable aircraft. The Luftwaffe air strenth gien is frae the Quartermaster General 6t Battalion nummers for 29 Juin 1940.[6]
- ↑ 1,220 fechters (per teep: 753 Hurricane, 467 Spitfire)[13] 376 bombers, 148 aircraft (RAF Coastal Command)[8]
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ Peszke 1980, p. 134
- ↑ a b Foreman 1989, p. 8
- ↑ Hough, Ronald (26 Julie 2010). "The Battle of Britain". Pen & Sword. Retrieved 25 Mairch 2017.
- ↑ Terraine 1985, p. 219
- ↑ Haining 2005, p. 68
- ↑ a b Bungay 2000, p. 107
- ↑ Wood and Dempster 2003, p. 318.
- ↑ a b Bungay 2000, p. 368
- ↑ Ramsay 1989, pp. 251–297
- ↑ "Battle of Britain RAF and FAA Roll of Honour." RAF.. Retrieved: 14 Julie 2008.
- ↑ 544 aircrew (RAF Fechter Command), 718 (RAF Bomber Command), 280 (RAF Coastal Command) killt[8][9][10]
- ↑ Wood and Dempster 2003, p. 309.
- ↑ Overy 2001, p. 161
- ↑ a b Hans Ring, "Die Luftschlacht über England 1940", Luftfahrt international Ausgabe 12, 1980 p.580
- ↑ 812 fechters (per teep: 569 Bf 109, 243 Bf 110)
822 bombers (per teep: 65 Ju 87, 271 Ju 88, 184 Do 17, 223 He 111, 29 He 59, 24 He 159, 34 Ithers)
343 non combat (per teep: 76 Bf 109, 29 Bf 110, 25 Ju 87, 54 Ju 88, 31 Do 17, 66 He 111, 7 He 59, 7 He 159, 48 Ithers)[14] - ↑ Goodenough 1982, p. 22
Soorces
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Bungay, Stephen (2000). The Most Dangerous Enemy : A History of the Battle of Britain. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-721-6.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (hardcover), 2002, ISBN 1-85410-801-8 (paperback).
- Foreman, John (1989), Battle of Britain: The Forgotten Months, November And December 1940, Wythenshawe, Lancashire, UK: Crécy, ISBN 1-871187-02-8
- Goodenough, Simon. War Maps: World War II, From September 1939 to August 1945, Air, Sea, and Land, Battle by Battle. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982, ISBN 978-0-3128-5584-0.
- Haining, Peter. The Chianti Raiders: The Extraordinary Story of the Italian Air Force in the Battle of Britain. London: Robson Books, 2005. ISBN 1-86105-829-2.
- Overy, Richard J. (2001). The Battle of Britain: The Myth and the Reality. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-02008-8.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) (haurdkiver, ISBN 0-393-32297-1 paperback, 2002)
- Peszke, Michael Alfred (October 1980), "A Synopsis of Polish-Allied Military Agreements During World War Two", The Journal of Military History, Volume 44 (No. 3): 128–134, archived frae the original on 4 Mairch 2016, retrieved 3 Juin 2018
- Ramsay, Winston, ed. (1989), The Battle of Britain Then and Now Mk V, London: Battle of Britain Prints International, ISBN 0-900913-46-0
- Terraine, John, The Right of the Line: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939–1945. New York: Sceptre, 1985. ISBN 0-340-41919-9.
- Terraine, John, A Time for Courage: The Royal Air Force in the European War, 1939–1945. London: Macmillan, 1985. ISBN 978-0-02-616970-7.
- Wood, Derek, an Derek Dempster, The Narrow Margin: The Battle of Britain and the Rise of Air Power, 1930–1949. London: Pen & Sword, 2003, First edition 1961. ISBN 978-0-85052-915-9.
