Afghanistan
Islamic Republic o Afghanistan
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.svg) | |
| Caipital and largest city | Kabul 34°32′N 69°08′E / 34.533°N 69.133°E |
| Offeecial leids | [1] |
| Releegion | Islam |
| Demonym(s) | Afghan[alternatives] |
| Govrenment | Unitary presidential republic |
• Preses | Hamid Karzai |
| Abdul Salam Azimi | |
| Legislatur | Naitional Assembly |
| Hoose o Elders | |
| Hoose o the Fowk | |
| Independence frae Persie | |
| Aprile 1709 | |
| October 1747 | |
| 19 August 1919 | |
| Aurie | |
• Total | 652,864[2] km2 (252,072 sq mi) (41st) |
• Water (%) | negligible |
| Population | |
• 2013 estimate | 31,108,077[3] (40) |
• 1979 census | 15.5 million[4] |
• Density | 43.5/km2 (112.7/sq mi) (150t) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2012 estimate |
• Total | $33.740 billion[5] |
• Per capita | $1,053[5] |
| GDP (nominal) | 2012 estimate |
• Tot | $19.906 billion[5] |
• Per capita | $621[5] |
| Gini (2008) | 29[6] law |
| HDI (2011) | 0.398[7] law · 172nt |
| Currency | Afghani (AFN) |
| Time zone | UTC+4:30 (D†) |
| Drivin side | right |
| Cawin code | +93 |
| ISO 3166 code | AF |
| Internet TLD | .af |
The Islamic Republic o Afghanistan, commonly kent as Afghanistan (/æfˈɡænɨstæn/ (
listen)), is a landlocked an muntainous kintra in sooth-central Asie.[8] It is bordert bi Pakistan in the sooth an east,[note] Iran in the wast, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan an Tajikistan in the north, an Cheenae in the far northeast. The territories nou comprisin Afghanistan hae been an ancient focal pynt o the Silk Road an human migration. Archaeologists hae foond evidence o human habitation frae as far back as 50,000 BC.[9] Urban civilisation micht hae begun in the aurie as early as 3000 tae 2000 BC.[10]
The kintra sits at an important geostrategic location whilk connects the Middle East wi Central Asie an the Indian subcontinent,[11] which haes been hame tae various fowks throu the ages.[12] The land haes witnessed mony military conquests syne antiquity, includin bi Alexander the Great, the Mauryans, Muslim Arabs, Genghis Khan, Mughals an ithers.[9][10] It haes an aa served as a soorce frae whilk mony dynasties sic as the Greco-Bactrians, Kushans, Hephthalites, Shahis, Samanids, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghurids, Timurids an ithers hae establisht empires o thair awn.[13]
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ "Article Sixteen of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan". 2004. Retrieved 13 Juin 2012.
From among the languages of Pashto, Dari, Uzbeki, Turkmani, Baluchi, Pashai, Nuristani, Pamiri (alsana), Arab and other languages spoken in the country, Pashto and Dari are the official languages of the state.
- ↑ Central Statistics Organization of Afghanistan: Statistical Yearbook 2012-2013: Area and administrative Population
- ↑ "Afghanistan". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Retrieved 14 December 2012.
- ↑ "Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment" (PDF). Afghanistan Country Study. Illinois Institute of Technology. pp. 105–06. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 3 November 2001. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ↑ a b c d "Afghanistan". International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 19 Julie 2013.
- ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2011.
- ↑ "Human Development Index and its components" (PDF). Retrieved 19 Mey 2012.
- ↑ "Afghanistan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 17 Mairch 2010.
- ↑ a b "The Afghans, Their History and Culture". Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL). 30 Juin 2002. Retrieved 10 September 2010.
- ↑ a b Griffin, Luke (14 Januar 2002). "The Pre-Islamic Period". Afghanistan Country Study. Illinois Institute of Technology. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
- ↑ "Afghanistan country profile". BBC News. 2 October 2010. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
- ↑ Baxter, Craig (1997). "Chapter 1. Historical Setting". Library of Congress Country Studies on Afghanistan. Retrieved 24 Juin 2010.
- ↑ "Kingdoms of South Asia - Afghanistan in Far East Kingdoms: Persia and the East". The History Files. Retrieved 24 Juin 2010.
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- Afghanistan
- Central Asie kintras
- Iranian Plateau
- Islamic republics
- Landlocked kintras
- Least Developed Kintras
- Member states o the Organisation o Islamic Cooperation
- Persie-speakin kintras an territories
- Sooth Asie Association for Regional Cooperation member states
- Sooth Asie kintras
- Wastren Asie kintras
- States an territories established in 1919
- Territories unner militar occupation
- Member states o the Unitit Naitions
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