Tallinn

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Tallinn

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Tallinn is located in Estonia
Tallinn
Coordinates: 59°26′14″N 24°44′43″E / 59.43722°N 24.74528°E / 59.43722; 24.74528
Kintra Banner o Estonie Estonie
Coonty Flag of et-Harju maakond.svg Harju Coonty
First appeared on map 1154
Toun richts 1248
Govrenment
 - Mayor Edgar Savisaar (Centre Pairty)
Aurie
 - Tot 159.2 km2 (61.5 sq mi)
Indwallers (1 April 2013[1])
 - Tot 425,249
 - Densitie 2,671.2/km2 (6,914.6/sq mi)
Time zone EET (UTC+2)
 - Simmer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)
Wabsteid www.tallinn.ee

Tallinn is the caipital an the lairgest ceety in Estonie. It is situatit on the northren coast o the kintra, on the banks o the Gulf o Finland, 80 km (50 mi) sooth o Helsinki, wast o Saunt Petersburg.

Table o contents

Toponymy [edit]

Historical names [edit]

In 1154 a toun cried Qlwn[2] or Qalaven (possible derivations of Kalevan or Kolyvan)[3][4] wis put on the warld map o the Almoravid bi cartographer Muhammad al-Idrisi who described it as a sma toun like a lairge castle amang the touns o Astlanda. It haes been suggestit that the Quwri in Astlanda mey hae denotit the predecessor toun o the day's Tallinn.[5][6]

The earliest names of Tallinn include Kolyvan (Roushie: Колывань‎) kent frae East Slavic chronicles, the name possibly derivin frae the Estonian mythical hero Kalev.[7][8]

Up tae the 13t century the Scandinavians an Henry o Livonie in his chronicle cried the toun Lindanisa: Lyndanisse in Dens,[9][10][11] Lindanäs in Swadish, an aa mentioned as Ledenets in Auld East Slavic. Accordin tae some theories the name derived frae meethical Linda, the wife o Kalev an the mither o Kalevipoeg.[12] who in an Estonian legend carried rocks tae her husband's grave that formed the Toompea hill.[13]
It haes been an aa suggestit that in the context the meanin o linda in the airchaic Estonian leid, that is similar tae lidna in Votic, haed the same meanin as linna or linn later on meanin a castle or toun in Inglis. Accordin tae the suggestion nisa wad hae haed the same meanin as niemi (meanin peninsula in Inglis) in an auld Finnish form o the name Kesoniemi.[14]

Ither than Kesoniemi kent auncient historical names o Tallinn in Finnish include Rääveli. The Icelandic Njal's Saga mentions Tallinn an caws it Rafala, which is a variant o the name Raphael.

Efter the Dens conquest in 1219 the toun became kent in the German, Swadish an Dens leids as Reval (Laitin: Revalia). The name oreeginatit frae (Laitin) Revelia (Estonian) Revala or Rävala, the adjacent auncient name o the surroonding Estonian coonty.

Modren name [edit]

The auld toun

The oreegin o the name "Tallinn(a)" is certain tae be Estonian, although the oreeginal meanin o the name is debatit. It is usually thought to be derived from "Taani-linn(a)" (meaning "Dens-castle/toun"; Laitin: Castrum Danorum) efter the Danes built the castle in place o the Estonian stranghauld at Lindanisse. Housomeivver, it coud an aa hae come frae "tali-linna" ("winter-castle/toun"), or "talu-linna" ("hoose/farmstead-castle/toun"). The element -linna, like Germanic -burg an Slavic -grad / -gorod, oreeginally meant "fortress" but is uised as a suffix in the formation o toun names.

The previously uised offeecial German name Soond Reval? (Roushie: Ревель‎) wis replaced efter Estonie became independent in 1918–1920. At first baith forms Tallinna an Tallinn wur uised.[15] The United States Board on Geographic Names adoptit the form Tallinn atween Juin 1923 an Juin 1927.[16] The form Tallinna appearin in modren times in Estonian denotes the genitive case o the name, as in Tallinna Reisisadam (Port o Tallinn).

Ither variations o modren spellins include Tallinna in Finnish an Таллин in Roushie.

A form Tallin derivin frae the Romanization o Roushie spellin o the name Таллин [17] wis an aa uised internaitionally durin the era Estonie wis annexed bi the Soviet Union.

Internaitional relations [edit]

Twin touns – sister ceeties [edit]

Tallinn participates in internaitional toun twinnin schemes tae foster guid internaitional relations. Pairtners include:

References [edit]

  1. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named registered_population
  2. ↑ Fasman, The Geographer's Library, pp.17
  3. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named TUE
  4. ↑ Birnbaum, Stephen (1992). Birnbaum's Eastern Europe. Harper Perennial.
  5. ↑ Fasman, Jon (2006). The Geographer's Library. Penguin.
  6. ↑ "A glance at the history and geology of Tallinn" by Jaak Nõlvak. In Wogogob 2004: Conference Materials
  7. ↑ Terras, Victor (1990). Handbook of Russian Literature. Yale University Press.
  8. ↑ The Esthonian Review. University of California.
  9. ↑ (Dens) In 1219 Valdemar II o Denmark, leadin the Dens Fleet in connection wi the Livonian Crusade, landit in an Estonian toun o Lindanisse
  10. ↑ SALMONSENS KONVERSATIONS LEKSIKON
  11. ↑ (German) Reval's ältester Estnischer Name Lindanisse, Verhandlungen der gelehrten estnischen Gesellschaft zu Dorpat. Band 3, Heft 1. Dorpat 1854, p. 46–47
  12. ↑ Wieczynski, Joseph (1976). The Modern Encyclopedia of Russian and Soviet History. Academic International Press.
  13. ↑ Ransome, Arthur (1923). "Racundra's" First Cruise. B.W. Huebsc.
  14. ↑ VIRKKUNEN, A. H. (1907). ITÄMEREN SUOMALAISET SAKSALAISEN VALLOITUKSEN AIKANA (in Finnish). Suomen Muinaismuistoyhdistys.
  15. ↑ Singer, Nat A., Steve Roman (2008). Tallinn In Your Pocket. In Your Pocket.
  16. ↑ Decisions of the United States Geographic Board. The Board..
  17. ↑ Young, Jekaterina (1990). Russian at Your Fingertips. Routledge.
  18. ↑ Twin Towns - Graz Online - English Version. www.graz.at. Retrieved on 5 Januar 2010. .
  19. ↑ Groningen - Partner Cities. © 2008 Gemeente Groningen, Kreupelstraat 1,9712 HW Groningen. Retrieved on 8 Dizember 2008. .
  20. ↑ Malmö stads vänortssamarbete (Swedish). © 2004–2009 Malmö stad, 205 80 Malmö, Organisationsnummer: 212000-1124. Retrieved on 27 Juin 2009. .
  21. ↑ Twin cities of Riga. Riga City Council. Retrieved on 27 Julie 2009. .
  22. ↑ Vilniuse sõpruslinnad (Estonian). © 2002–2009 Tallinn. Retrieved on 12 September 2009. .
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