Zeus

Zeus
God o the sky, lichtnin, thunder, law, orner, juistice
The Jupiter de Smyrne, discovered in Smyrna in 1680
Abode	Moont Olympus
Personal Information
Consort	Hera an various ithers
Childer	Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Dionysus, Hebe, Hermes, Heracles, Helen o Troy, Hephaestus, Perseus, Minos, the Muses, the Graces
Parents	Cronus an Rhea
Siblins	Hestia, Hades, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter
Roman equivalent	Jupiter

In the auncient Greek releegion, Zeus (Auncient Greek: Ζεύς, Zeús; Modren Greek: Δίας, Días) is the "Faither o Gods an men" (πατὴρ ἀνδρῶν τε θεῶν τε, patḕr andrōn te theōn te) who rules the Olympians o Moont Olympus as a faither rules the faimily. He is the god o sky an thunner in Greek meethologie. His Roman coonterpairt is Jupiter, Hindu coonterpairt is Indra an Etruscan coonterpairt is Tinia.

Name

The god's name in the nominative is Ζεύς Zeús /zdeús/. It is inflected as follows: vocative: Ζεῦ / Zeû; accusative: Δία / Día; genitive: Διός / Diós; dative: Διί / Dií.

The name Zeus is the Greek continuation o *Di̯ēus, the Proto-Indo-European god o the daytime sky, cried *Dyeus ph₂tēr an aw ("Sky Father"). The god is kent unner this name in the Rigveda (Vedic Sanskrit Dyaus/Dyaus Pita), Laitin (compare Jupiter, frae Iuppiter, derivin frae the Proto-Indo-European vocative *dyeu-ph₂tēr), comin' fae the ruit *dyeu- ("tae shine", an in its mony derivatives, "sky, heiven, god"). Zeus is the anly deity in the Olympic pantheon whose name haes such a transparent Indo-European etymology.

The earliest attested forms o the name are the Mycenaean Greek di-we an di-wo, written in Linear b syllabic script.

Plato, in his Cratylus, gies a folk etymology o' Zeus meaning "cause o' life always to all things", because o' puns atween alternate titles of Zeus (Zen and Dia) wi tha Greek wirds fae life an' "because of". This etymology, wi Plato's entire method o' deriving etymologies, is'nay supported by modern scholarship.

Diodorus Siculus wrote that Zeus wis called Zen an aw, because the humans believed that he wis the cause o' life (zen). While Lactantius wrote that he was called Zeus an' Zen, no because he wis the giver of life, but because he wis the first who lived o' the children of Cronus.

Mythology

Birth

Cronus sired several children by Rhea: Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, an Poseidon, but swallowed them aw as soon as they were born, since he had learnt fae Gaia an' Uranus that he wis destined tae be overthrown by his son as he had previously overthrown Uranus, his ain faither, an oracle that Rhea heard and wished tae avert.

When Zeus wis about tae be born, Rhea sought Gaia tae devise a plan tae save him, so that Cronus would get his retribution for his acts against Uranus an' his ain wanes. Rhea gave birth tae Zeus in Crete, handing Cronus a rock wrapped in swaddling clothes, which he promptly swallowed.

Infancy

Varying versions of the story exist:

1. According tae Hyginus (Fabulae, 139)) Zeus wis raised by a nymph named Amalthea. Since Saturn (Cronus) ruled aver the Earth, the heavens an' the sea, she hid him by dangling him on a rope fae a tree so he wis suspended atween earth, sea and sky and thus, invisible tae his faither.
2. According to Pseudo-Apollodorus (Bibliotheca, 1.1.5-7)) Zeus wis raised by a goat named Amalthea in a cave called Dictaeon Antron (Psychro Cave). A company of soldiers called Kouretes danced, shouted and clashed their spears against their shields so that Cronus would'nay hear the greeting wane.

Zeus in meeth

Consorts an childer

Divine affspring Mither Childer Aega Aegipan Ananke or Themis Moirai/Fates1 Atropos Clotho Lachesis Demeter Persephone Zagreus Dione or Thalassa Aphrodite Eos Ersa Carae Eris Limos Eurynome/Eurydome/ Eurymedusa/Euanthe Charites/Graces2 Aglaea Euphrosyne Thalia Gaia Orion Manes Hera Ares3 Eileithyia Eris Hebe3 Hephaestus3 Angelos Leto Apollo Artemis Maia Hermes Metis Athena4 Mnemosyne Muses (Oreeginal three) Aoide Melete Mneme Muses (Later nine) Calliope Clio Erato Euterpe Melpomene Polyhymnia Terpsichore Thalia Urania Nemesis Helen o Troy (possibly) Persephone Zagreus Melinoe Selene Ersa Nemean Lion Pandia Thalia Palici Themis Astraea Nymphs o Eridanos Nemesis Horae First Generation Auxo Carpo Thallo Seicont Generation Dike Eirene Eunomia Third generation Pherusa Euporie Orthosie Unkent mither Aletheia Unkent mither Ate Unkent mither Caerus Unkent mither Litae Unkent mither Tyche

Semi-divine/mortal affspring Mither Childer Aegina Aeacus Damocrateia Alcmene Heracles Antiope Amphion Zethus Anaxithea Olenus Asterope, Oceanid Acragas Callisto Arcas Calyce Aethlius (possibly) Callirhoe (dochter o Achelous) nae kent affspring Carme Britomartis Cassiopeia Atymnius Chaldene Solymus Milye Danaë Perseus Dia Pirithous Elara Tityos Electra Dardanus Iasion Harmonia Europa Minos Rhadamanthus Sarpedon Alagonia Carnus Dodon Eurymedousa Myrmidon Euryodeia Arcesius Himalia Kronios Spartaios Kytos Idaea, nymph Cres Iodame Thebe Io Epaphus Keroessa Isonoe Orchomenus Lamia Akheilos Herophile Laodamia Sarpedon Leda Pollux Castor Helen o Troy5 Maera Locrus Niobe Argus Pelasgus Othreis Meliteus Pandora Graecus Latinus Phthia (dochter o Phoroneus) Achaeus (possibly) Plouto Tantalus Podarge Balius Xanthus Protogeneia Aethlius (possibly) Opus Pyrrha Hellen Semele Dionysus Taygete Lacedaemon Thyia Magnes Makednos Torrhebia Carius Nymph African Iarbas Nymph Samothracian Saon (possibly) Nymph Sithnid Megarus Unkent mither Calabrus Geraestus Taenarus Unkent mither Corinthus Unkent mither Crinacus

¹The Greeks variously claimit that the Moires/Fates wur the dochters o Zeus an the Titaness Themis or o primordial beins like Chaos, Nyx, or Ananke.

²The Charites/Graces wur usually considered the dochters o Zeus an Eurynome but they wur said tae be dochters o Dionysus an Aphrodite or of Helios an the naiad Aegle an aw.

³Some accoonts say that Ares, Hebe an Hephaestus wur born parthenogenetically.

⁴Accordin tae ane version, Athena is said tae be born parthenogenetically.

⁵Helen wis either the dochter o Leda or Nemesis.