Sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate
Skeletal formula o sodium carbonate	Space-fillin model o sodium carbonate
Names
	IUPAC name Sodium carbonate
	Ither names Soda ash, Washin soda, Soda crystals
Identifiers
CAS Nummer	497-19-8 (anhydrous) ; 5968-11-6 (monohydrate) ; 6132-02-1 (decahydrate) ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive eemage;
ChEBI	CHEBI:29377 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL186314 ;
ChemSpider	9916 ;
PubChem CID	10340;
RTECS nummer	VZ4050000
UNII	45P3261C7T ;
	InChI InChI=1S/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2+1/p-2 Key: CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L ; InChI=1/CH2O3.2Na/c2-1(3)4;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;/q;2+1/p-2 Key: CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-NUQVWONBAP;
	SMILES [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	Na2CO3
Molar mass	105.9888 g/mol
Appearance	White solid, hygroscopic
Odour	Odorless
Density	2.54 g/cm3 (25 °C, anhydrous); 1.92 g/cm3 (856 °C); 2.25 g/cm3 (monohydrate); 1.51 g/cm3 (heptahydrate); 1.46 g/cm3 (decahydrate)
Meltin pynt	851 °C (1,564 °F; 1,124 K)
Solubility in watter	Decahydrate:; 7 g/100 mL (0 °C); 16.4 g/100 mL (15 °C); 34.07 g/100 mL (27.8 °C); Heptahydrate:; 48.69 g/100 mL (34.8 °C); Monohydrate:; 50.31 g/100 mL (29.9 °C); 48.1 g/100 mL (41.9 °C); 45.62 g/100 mL (60 °C); 43.6 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility	Soluble in aq. alkalis, glycerol; Slichtly soluble in aq. alcohol; Insoluble in CS2, acetone, alkyl acetates, alcohol, benzonitrile, liquid ammonia
Solubility in glycerine	98.3 g/100 g (15.5 °C)
Solubility in ethanediol	3.46 g/100 g (20 °C)
Solubility in dimethylformamide	0.5 g/kg
Basicity (pKb)	3.67
Magnetic susceptibility	−4.1·10−5 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.485 (anhydrous); 1.420 (monohydrate); 1.405 (decahydrate)
Viscosity	3.4 cP (887 °C)
Structur
Creestal structur	Monoclinic (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous); Orthorhombic (monohydrate, heptahydrate)
Space group	C2/m, No. 12 (γ-form, anhydrous, 170 K); C2/m, No. 12 (β-form, anhydrous, 628 K); P21/n, No. 14 (δ-form, anhydrous, 110 K); Pca21, No. 29 (monohydrate); Pbca, No. 61 (heptahydrate)
Pynt group	2/m (γ-form, β-form, δ-form, anhydrous); mm2 (monohydrate); 2/m 2/m 2/m (heptahydrate)
Lattice constant	a = 8.920(7) Å, b = 5.245(5) Å, c = 6.050(5) Å (γ-form, anhydrous, 295 K) α = 90°, β = 101.35(8)°, γ = 90°
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (Na+, anhydrous)
Thermochemistry
Speceefic heat capacity, C	112.3 J/mol·K
Staundart molar; entropy So298	135 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy o; formation ΔfHo298	−1130.7 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚)	−1044.4 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal wird	Warning
GHS hazard statements	H319
GHS precautionary statements	P305+351+338
NFPA 704	0 2 0
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (Median dose)	4090 mg/kg (rat, oral)
Relatit compoonds
Ither anions	Sodium bicarbonate
Ither cations	Lithium carbonate; Potassium carbonate; Rubidium carbonate; Caesium carbonate
Relatit compoonds	Sodium sesquicarbonate; Sodium percarbonate
	Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (whit is ?)
	Infobox references

Sodium carbonate (kent as washin soda, soda ash an soda crystals an aw), Na₂CO₃, is a sodium saut o carbonic acid (soluble in watter).

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Harper, J.P (1936). Antipov, Evgeny; Bismayer, Ulrich; Huppertz, Hubert; Petrícek, Václav; Pöttgen, Rainer; Schmahl, Wolfgang; Tiekink, E.R.T.; Zou, Xiaodong (eds.). "Crystal Structure of Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate, Na₂CO₃. H₂O". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. De Gruyter. 95 (1): 266–273. doi:10.1524/zkri.1936.95.1.266. ISSN 2196-7105. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
↑ ^a ^b Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 633.
↑ ^a ^b Comey, Arthur Messinger; Hahn, Dorothy A. (1921-02). A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic (2nd ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company. p. 208–209. Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. "sodium carbonate". http://chemister.ru. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014. freemit airtin in |website= (help)
↑ ^a ^b Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. p. 861. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Dusek, Michal; Chapuis, Gervais; Meyer, Mathias; Petricek, Vaclav (2003). "Sodium carbonate revisited" (PDF). Acta Crystallographica Section B. International Union of Crystallography. 59 (3): 337–352. doi:10.1107/S0108768103009017. ISSN 0108-7681. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Betzel, C.; Saenger, W.; Loewus, D. (1982). "Sodium Carbonate Heptahydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B. International Union of Crystallography. 38 (11): 2802–2804. doi:10.1107/S0567740882009996.
↑ ^a ^b ^c Sigma-Aldrich Co. Retrieved on 2014-05-06.
↑ http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/497-19-8
↑ "Material Safety Data Sheet – Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous" (PDF). http://www.conservationsupportsystems.com. ConservationSupportSystems. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014. freemit airtin in |website= (help)

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[cod-1] Harper, J.P (1936). Antipov, Evgeny; Bismayer, Ulrich; Huppertz, Hubert; Petrícek, Václav; Pöttgen, Rainer; Schmahl, Wolfgang; Tiekink, E.R.T.; Zou, Xiaodong (eds.). "Crystal Structure of Sodium Carbonate Monohydrate, Na₂CO₃. H₂O". Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials. De Gruyter. 95 (1): 266–273. doi:10.1524/zkri.1936.95.1.266. ISSN 2196-7105. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014.

[crc-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.

[sioc-3] Seidell, Atherton; Linke, William F. (1919). Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds (2nd ed.). New York: D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 633.

[doc00-4] Comey, Arthur Messinger; Hahn, Dorothy A. (1921-02). A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic (2nd ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company. p. 208–209. Check date values in: |date= (help)

[chemister-5] Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. "sodium carbonate". http://chemister.ru. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014. freemit airtin in |website= (help)

[pphoic-6] Pradyot, Patnaik (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. p. 861. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.

[scr-7] Dusek, Michal; Chapuis, Gervais; Meyer, Mathias; Petricek, Vaclav (2003). "Sodium carbonate revisited" (PDF). Acta Crystallographica Section B. International Union of Crystallography. 59 (3): 337–352. doi:10.1107/S0108768103009017. ISSN 0108-7681. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014.

[7h2o-8] Betzel, C.; Saenger, W.; Loewus, D. (1982). "Sodium Carbonate Heptahydrate". Acta Crystallographica Section B. International Union of Crystallography. 38 (11): 2802–2804. doi:10.1107/S0567740882009996.

[sigma-9] Sigma-Aldrich Co. Retrieved on 2014-05-06.

[10] ttp://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/497-19-8

[css-11] "Material Safety Data Sheet – Sodium Carbonate, Anhydrous" (PDF). http://www.conservationsupportsystems.com. ConservationSupportSystems. Retrieved 25 Julie 2014. freemit airtin in |website= (help)

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