Ammonia

Ammonia
Baw-an-stick model o the ammonia molecule	Space-fillin model o the ammonia molecule
Names
	IUPAC name Azane
	Ither names Hydrogen nitride; Trihydrogen nitride; Nitro-Sil
Identifiers
CAS Nummer	7664-41-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive eemage;
3DMet	B00004
Beilstein Reference	3587154
ChEBI	CHEBI:16134 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1160819 ;
ChemSpider	217 ;
EC Nummer	231-635-3
Gmelin Reference	79
KEGG	D02916 ;
MeSH	Ammonia
PubChem CID	222;
RTECS nummer	BO0875000
UNII	5138Q19F1X ;
UN nummer	1005
	InChI InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/H3N/h1H3 Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYAF;
	SMILES N;
Properties
Chemical formula	NH3
Molar mass	17.031 g/mol
Appearance	Colourless gas
Odour	strong pungent odor
Density	0.86 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at boiling point); 0.73 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at 15 °C); 681.9 kg/m3 at −33.3 °C (liquid); 817 kg/m3 at −80 °C (transparent solid)
Meltin pynt	−77.73 °C (−107.91 °F; 195.42 K)
Bylin pynt	−33.34 °C (−28.01 °F; 239.81 K)
Solubility in watter	47% (0 °C); 31% (25 °C); 28% (50 °C)
Solubility	soluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanol
Vapour pressur	8573 h Pa
Acidity (pKa)	32.5 (−33 °C), 10.5 (DMSO)
Basicity (pKb)	4.75
Refractive index (nD)	1.3327
Viscosity	0.276 cP (-40 °C)
Structur
Molecular shape	Trigonal pyramid
Dipole moment	1.42 D
Thermochemistry
Staundart molar; entropy So298	193 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy o; formation ΔfHo298	−46 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS hazard statements	H221, H280, H314, H331, H400
GHS precautionary statements	P210, P261, P273, P280, P305+351+338, P310
NFPA 704	1 3 0
Flash pynt	flammable gas (see text)
Explosive leemits	15–28%
	Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (Median dose)	0.015 mL/kg (human, oral)
	US heal exposur leemits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	50 ppm (25 ppm ACGIH- TLV; 35 ppm STEL)
Relatit compoonds
Ither cations	Phosphine; Arsine; Stibine
	Except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (whit is ?)
	Infobox references

Ammonia or azane is a compoond o nitrogen an hydrogen wi the formula NH₃. It is a colourless gas wi a characteristic pungent smell. Ammonia contreibutes signeeficantly tae the nutreetional needs o terrestrial organisms bi serving as a precursor tae fuid an fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is an aa a biggin-block for the synthesis o mony pharmaceuticals an is uised in mony commercial cleanin products. Altho in wide uise, ammonia is baith caustic an hazardous. The global industrial production o ammonia for 2012 wis anticipatit tae be 198 million tonnes,^[7] a 35% increase ower the estimatit 2006 global output o 146.5 million tonnes.^[8]

NH₃ boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressur o 1 atmosphere, so the liquid must be stored unner heich pressur or at law temperatur. Hoosehauld ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution o NH₃ in watter. The concentration o such solutions is measured in units o the Baumé scale (density), wi 26 degrees baumé (aboot 30% (by weight) ammonia at 15.5 °C) bein the teepical heich-concentration commercial product.^[9]

References

↑ Yost, Don M. (2007). "Ammonia and Liquid Ammonia Solutions". Systematic Inorganic Chemistry. READ BOOKS. p. 132. ISBN 1-4067-7302-6.
↑ Blum, Alexander (1975). "On crystalline character of transparent solid ammonia". Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids. 24 (4): 277. doi:10.1080/00337577508240819.
↑ Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L. (1995). Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. p. 17. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)
↑ Perrin, D. D., Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution; 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1982.
1 2 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.
1 2 3 Sigma-Aldrich Co. Retrieved on 2013-07-20.
↑ Ceresana. "Market Study Ammonia". Ceresana. Archived frae the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
↑ Max Appl (2006). Ammonia, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_143.pub2.
↑ "Ammonium hydroxide physical properties" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2013.Archived 2007-11-27 at the Wayback Machine

[1] Yost, Don M. (2007). "Ammonia and Liquid Ammonia Solutions". Systematic Inorganic Chemistry. READ BOOKS. p. 132. ISBN 1-4067-7302-6.

[2] Blum, Alexander (1975). "On crystalline character of transparent solid ammonia". Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids. 24 (4): 277. doi:10.1080/00337577508240819.

[3] Perry, Dale L.; Phillips, Sidney L. (1995). Handbook of inorganic compounds. CRC Press. p. 17. ISBN 0-8493-8671-3.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)

[4] Perrin, D. D., Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution; 2nd Ed., Pergamon Press: Oxford, 1982.

[b1-5] 1 2 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.

[sigma-6] 1 2 3 Sigma-Aldrich Co. Retrieved on 2013-07-20.

[ceresana1-7] Ceresana. "Market Study Ammonia". Ceresana. Archived frae the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2012.

[Ullmann-8] Max Appl (2006). Ammonia, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_143.pub2.

[LaRoche-9] "Ammonium hydroxide physical properties" (PDF). Archived frae the original (PDF) on 27 November 2007. Retrieved 17 December 2013.Archived 2007-11-27 at the Wayback Machine

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