Extreme metal
Extreme metal is a loosely definit umbrella term for a nummer o relatit hivy metal subgenres that hae developit syne the early 1980s. The term uisually refers tae a mair abrasive, hairsker, unnergrund, non-commercializit style or soond nearly aaways associatit wi genres lik black metal, daith metal, doom metal, thrash metal an whiles speed metal, an groove metal.[1]
Tho no vera weel kent tae mainstream muisic fans, as it is bi definition coontercultur, extreme metal haes influencit an array o muisical performers inside an ootside o hivy metal.
Definitions
[eedit | eedit soorce]"Extreme" can be meant tae describe ony o the follaein traits: muisic (whether it is intendit tae be faster, mair aggressive, abrasive or "hivier" than ither metal styles), leerics (dealin wi daurker, mair sensational topics an themes), vocals (which aften uise guttural, hairsk or abrasive singin), or appearance an stage demeanor (uisin corpse paint, Satanic or occult imagery). The "extreme" label is maist commonly appleed tae baunds whose muisic is extreme; for ensaumple, few wad consider Kiss or Alice Cooper tae be extreme metal, tho thay coud be considered tae employ "extreme" elements in thair appearance an stage demeanor for thair time.
Accordin tae ethnographer Keith Kahn-Harris,[2] the definin characteristics o extreme metal can aw be regardit as clearly transgressive: the "extreme" traits notit abuin are aw intendit tae violate or transgress gien cultural, airtistic, social or aesthetic bundaries.
Gien the vagueness o existin definitions an considerin the limitations sic definitions hae, thare are mony airtists for whom the uisage o the term "extreme metal" is a subject o debate.[2] Housomeivver, Kahn-Harris an aw notes that mony muisickers an fans see sic debates ower style an genre as uiseless an unnecessary, or at least as gien undue attention.
Characteristics
[eedit | eedit soorce]Structur
[eedit | eedit soorce]Tho sangs in traditional hivy metal mey be louder, hairsker or mair abrasive than rock muisic in general, the unnerlyin elements o melody, harmony an rhythm are generally seemilar tae those in rock an pop muisic. Conventional melodies – ane o the key elements o popular muisic – are aften o limitit importance in extreme metal, if no absent entirely, awtho chord progressions are still present an important. Extreme metal sangs rarely hae the central focus o a melodic "pop heuk," an when present, melodic elements mair teepically provide an instrumental backdrop rather than a central focus.
Vocals
[eedit | eedit soorce]Ane o the mair apparent characteristics o extreme metal is the vocals. Extreme metal singin includes various extendit techniques; frae hairsk, guttural daith grouls (characteristic o doom an daith metal) tae heich-pitched shriekin (characteristic o black metal). Thrash metal vocalists commonly employ a hairsk or shoutit vocal style. Extreme metal vocalists can uise ane or mair techniques, an some baunds hae multiple sangsters, an in some black metal baunds, even orchestral choir singin is uised.
Tempo
[eedit | eedit soorce]Extreme metal is an aw characterized bi its unuisual tempo, which mey range frae vera fast-pacit thrash, daith an black metal (an can occasionally approach the extraordinary range o 300 beats per minute)[2] tae the extremely slow, as in funeral doom an drone doom. Drummers aften utilize dooble-kick, dooble bass an blast beats, tho no aw mak uise o thir techniques. Kahn-Harris notes that mony extreme metal drummers tak great pride in creatin an playin drum patterns that are complex an demandin.
Guitars
[eedit | eedit soorce]Guitars in extreme metal are commonly distortit tae creaut a thick or abrasive tone. Guitars are frequently tuned belaw the staundart E: thrash metal an black metal guitarists uisually tune a hauf or a whole-step doun, while daith metal an doom metal aften tune even lawer. Seiven-string guitars (rather than the mair common sax-string guitars) are no unuisual in extreme metal, pairticularly in daith an doom metal. Drop tunins are common an whiles open tunins are uised as well. Kahn-Harris notes that extreme metal tends tae defy the "riff-guitar solo" paradigm o hivy metal: Guitar solos are aften o less importance in extreme metal than in ither metal styles, an the chord progressions (or "riffs") in extreme metal are aften unuisual an whiles complex an demandin.
History
[eedit | eedit soorce]Below is a basic summary explainin hou the primary extreme metal genres evolvit:
- Doom metal (early 1970s)[3]
- New Wave o Breetish Hivy Metal (late 1970s)
- Speed metal (late 1970s, early 1980s)
- Thrash metal (early 1980s)
- Black metal (mid-late 1980s)
- Daith metal (mid-late 1980s)
- Thrash metal (early 1980s)
- Speed metal (late 1970s, early 1980s)
Extreme metal genres
[eedit | eedit soorce]Primary genres
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Black metal
- Daith metal
- Thrash metal
- Doom metal
- Speed metal (whiles includit)
- Avant-garde metal (whiles includit)
Primary sub-genres
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Sub-genres o thrash metal
- Sub-genres o black metal
- Sub-genres o daith metal
- Sub-genres o doom metal
Fusion genres
[eedit | eedit soorce]Fusions atween extreme metal styles
Fusions wi ither metal styles
Fusion wi hardcore punk an punk rock styles
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ K. Kahn-Harris, Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge (Berg Publishers, 2007), ISBN 1845203992, p. 31.
- ↑ a b c d e f Kahn-Harris, Keith, Extreme Metal: Music and Culture on the Edge, Oxford: Berg, 2007, ISBN 1845203992
- ↑ https://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/d11956
- ↑ Gibb, Steven. "gothenburg metal, melodic death metal, style flourishes". AllExperts. About.com. Archived frae the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 26 Februar 2011.
- ↑ Mason, Stewart. "Glass Casket". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 31 Mairch 2011.
- Crocker, Chris (1993). Metallica: The Frayed Ends of Metal. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0312086350.
