Dionysus

Dionysus
	God o the Grape Harvest, Winemakkin, Wine, Ritual Madness, Releegious Ecstasy, Growthiness an Theatre.
	2nd-century Roman statue of Dionysus, after a Hellenistic model (ex-coll. Cardinal Richelieu, Louvre)
Abode	Munt Olympus
Symbol	Thyrsus, grapevine, leopard skin, panther, cheetah
Personal Information
Consort	Ariadne
Parents	Zeus an Semele
Siblins	Ares, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hebe, Hermes, Heracles, Helen o Troy, Hephaestus, Perseus, Minos, the Muses, the Graces
Roman equivalent	Bacchus, Liber

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Dionysus (/daɪ.əˈnaɪsəs/; Greek: Διόνυσος, Dionysos) is the god o the grape harvest, winemakkin an wine, o ritual madness, growthiness,^[2]^[3] theatre an releegious ecstasy in Greek meethologie. Alcohol, especially wine, played a important role in Greek cultur wi Bacchus bein a important raison for this life style.^[4] His name, thocht tae be a theonym in Linear B tablets as di-wo-nu-so (KH Gq 5 inscription),^[5] shows that he mey hae been wirshippit as early as c. 1500–1100 BC by Mycenean Greeks; ither traces o the Dionysian-teep cult hae been foond in auncient Minoan Crete.^[6] His oreegins are uncertain, an his cults teuk mony shapes; some are describit bi auncient sources as Thracian, ithers as Greek.^[7]^[8]^[9] In some cults, he arrives frae the east, as an Asiatic foreigner; in ithers, frae Ethiopie in the Sooth. He is a god o epiphany, "the god that comes", an his "foreignness" as an arrivin ootsider-god mey be inherent an essential tae his cults. He is a major, popular figur o Greek meethologie an releegion, an is includit in some leets o the twal Olympians. Dionysus wis the last god tae be acceptit intae Mt. Olympus. He wis the youngest an the anerly ane tae hae a mortal mither.^[10] His festivals were the driving force behind the development of Greek theatre. He is an example of a dying god.^[11]^[12]

Notes

↑ Another variant, from the Spanish royal collection, is at the Museo del Prado, Madrid: illustration.
↑ Hedreen, Guy Michael. Silens in Attic Black-figure Vase-painting: Myth and Performance. University of Michigan Press. 1992. ISBN 9780472102952. page 1
↑ James, Edwin Oliver. The Tree of Life: An Archaeological Study. Brill Publications. 1966. page 234. ISBN 9789004016125
↑ Gately, Iain (2008). Drink. Gotham Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-592-40464-3.
↑ Raymoure, K.A. (2 November 2012). "Khania Linear B Transliterations". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. "Possible evidence of human sacrifice at Minoan Chania". Archaeology News Network. 2014. Archived frae the original on 17 Mairch 2014. Retrieved 12 Januar 2017. Raymoure, K.A. "Khania KH Gq Linear B Series". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. "KH 5 Gq (1)". DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo. University of Oslo.
↑ Kerenyi 1976.
↑ Thomas McEvilley, The Shape of Ancient Thought, Allsworth press, 2002, pp. 118–121. Google Books preview
↑ Reginald Pepys Winnington-Ingram, Sophocles: an interpretation, Cambridge University Press, 1980, p.109 Google Books preview
↑ Zofia H. Archibald, in Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Ed.) Ancient Greeks west and east, Brill, 1999, p.429 ff.Google Books preview
↑ Sacks, David; Murray, Oswyn; Brody, Lisa R. (1 Januar 2009). Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438110202. Retrieved 20 Apryle 2013.
↑ Dionysus, greekmythology.com
↑ Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, 1985 pp. 64, 132

Further readin

Livy, History of Rome, Book 39:13, Description of banned Bacchanalia in Rome and Italy
Detienne, Marcel, Dionysos at Large, tr. by Arthur Goldhammer, Harvard University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-674-20773-4. (Originally in French as Dionysos à ciel ouvert, 1986)
Albert Henrichs, Between City and Country: Cultic Dimensions of Dionysus in Athens and Attica, (April 1, 1990). Department of Classics, UCB. Cabinet of the Muses: Rosenmeyer Festschrift. Paper festschrift18.
Seaford, Richard. Dionysos (Gods and Heroes of the Ancient World). Oxford: Routledge, 2006 ISBN 0-415-32487-4.
Taylor-Perry, Rosemarie The God Who Comes: Dionysian Mysteries Revisited. New York: Algora Press, 2003 ISBN 0-87586-214-4.

Freemit airtins

[1] Another variant, from the Spanish royal collection, is at the Museo del Prado, Madrid: illustration.

[2] Hedreen, Guy Michael. Silens in Attic Black-figure Vase-painting: Myth and Performance. University of Michigan Press. 1992. ISBN 9780472102952. page 1

[3] James, Edwin Oliver. The Tree of Life: An Archaeological Study. Brill Publications. 1966. page 234. ISBN 9789004016125

[4] Gately, Iain (2008). Drink. Gotham Books. p. 11. ISBN 978-1-592-40464-3.

[KHGq5-5] Raymoure, K.A. (2 November 2012). "Khania Linear B Transliterations". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. "Possible evidence of human sacrifice at Minoan Chania". Archaeology News Network. 2014. Archived frae the original on 17 Mairch 2014. Retrieved 12 Januar 2017. Raymoure, K.A. "Khania KH Gq Linear B Series". Minoan Linear A & Mycenaean Linear B. Deaditerranean. "KH 5 Gq (1)". DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo. University of Oslo.

[6] Kerenyi 1976.

[7] Thomas McEvilley, The Shape of Ancient Thought, Allsworth press, 2002, pp. 118–121. Google Books preview

[8] Reginald Pepys Winnington-Ingram, Sophocles: an interpretation, Cambridge University Press, 1980, p.109 Google Books preview

[9] Zofia H. Archibald, in Gocha R. Tsetskhladze (Ed.) Ancient Greeks west and east, Brill, 1999, p.429 ff.Google Books preview

[SacksMurray2009-10] Sacks, David; Murray, Oswyn; Brody, Lisa R. (1 Januar 2009). Encyclopedia of the Ancient Greek World. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438110202. Retrieved 20 Apryle 2013.

[11] Dionysus, greekmythology.com

[Burkert-12] Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, 1985 pp. 64, 132

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