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| caption = Frank Lloyd Wright in March 1926
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| birth_name = Frank Lincoln Wright
| birth_name = Frank Lincoln Wright
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'''Frank Lincoln Wright''' ([[8 Juin]] [[1867]] – [[9 Aprile]] [[1959]]) wis an architect from the [[United States]]. He wis kent for creating many buildings such as the [[Robie House]] and the [[Fallingwater]]. He wis frae [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]].
'''Frank Lloyd Wright''' ('''Frank Lincoln Wright'''; [[8 Juin]], [[1867]] &ndash; [[9 Aprile]] [[1959]]) wis a famous [[Americans|American]] [[architectur|architect]] frae the early 20th centurie. He designit all kinds o buildins includin [[banks]], holiday resorts, office buildins, [[kirk|kirkes]], a [[synagogue]], a [[gas station]], a beer garden and an art museum.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.pbs.org/flw/buildings/index.html
|title=Frank Lloyd Wright . Life and Work
|publisher=www.pbs.org
|accessdate=May 18, 2009
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>

Wright designit more than 1,000 structures and completit 532 works. Wright believit in designin structures which were in [[peace]] wi [[humanity]] and its [[environment]]. He callit his belief organic architectur.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> He usit this technique for his design for [[Fallingwater]] (1935), which has been callit "the best all-time work o American architectur".<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Wright wis a leader of the [[Prairie School]] movement of architectur and developit the image of the [[Usonian home]], his one-of-a-kind vision for [[urban planning]] in the [[Unitit States]].

He began an American style of buildin design and is said to be one o the greatest architects of the twentieth centurie.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.wrightplus.org/flw/flw.html
|title=About Frank Lloyd Wright
|publisher=www.wrightplus.org
|accessdate=May 18, 2008
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>

Wright wis born in [[Richland Center, Wisconsin]] on [[8 Juin]] [[1867]] to a [[farmer|farming]] family.<ref name="bio"/>

His work includes original and creative examples of many buildin types. Wright also designit many o the interior elements of his buildins, such as the furniture and [[stained glass]]. Wright authorit 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the Unitit States and in [[Europe]].

His colorful personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his [[Taliesin (studio)|Taliesin studio]]. Already well-kent durin his lifetime, Wright wis recognizit in 1991 by the [[American Institute of Architects]] as "the greatest American architect of all time."<ref name="autogenerated1" />

Wright deit on [[9 Aprile]], [[1959]] in [[Phoenix]], [[Arizona]] frae [[surgery|surgical]] complications.<ref name="Death"/> He wis 91 years old.<ref name="Death"/>

==Early life==
'''Frank Lloyd Wright''' wis born in the farmin town o [[Richland Center, Wisconsin]], Unitit States, on [[8 Juin]] [[1867]].<ref name="bio">{{cite web|url=http://www.browsebiography.com/bio-frank_lloyd_wright.html|title=Frank Lloyd Wright biography|publisher=Browse biography.com|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> He wis born '''Frank Lincoln Wright'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mannmuseum.com/frank-lincoln-wright/|title=Frank Lincoln Wright. American Literature|publisher=Man Museum.com|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> His father, William Carey Wright (1825–1904)<ref name="FLWHMI">{{cite web|url=http://www.historicmadison.org/Madison's%20Past/People/wright.html|title=Frank Lloyd Wright|publisher=Historic Madison, Inc.|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref>, wis a locally admirit speaker, music teacher, sometimes a lawyer, and minister. William Wright had met and marriit Anna Lloyd Jones (1838/39 – 1923)<ref name="FLWHMI"/>, a county school teacher of [[Welsh fowk|Welsh]] descent.

==Early career==
[[File:LarkinAdministrationBuilding1906.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Wright's first well-kent buildin, the Larkin Administration Buildin]]
Wright did not get along well wi other draftsmen. He wrote that several violent events happenit between them durin the first years o his [[apprenticeship]]. Afterwards many other draftsmen showed very little respect for his employees as well.<ref>Wright 2005, pp. 89–94.</ref> In spite of this, "Sullivan took [Wright] under his wing and gave him great design responsibility." As an act of respect, Wright would later refer to Sullivan as ''Lieber Meister'' (German for "Dear Master").<ref name=Tafel>
{{Cite book
|ref = harv
|last = Tafel
|first = Edgar
|title = Years With Frank lloyd Wright: Apprentice to Genius
|place = Mineola, N.Y.
|publisher=Dover Publications
|year = 1985
|page = 31
|isbn = 0-486-24801-1 }}</ref> Wright also formit a bond with office foreman [[w:Paul Mueller (contractor)|Paul Mueller]]. Wright would later engage Mueller to build several of his public and commercial buildins between 1903 and 1923.<ref name=Saint>
{{Cite journal
| last = Saint
| first = Andrew
| title = Frank Lloyd Wright and Paul Mueller: the architect and his builder of choice
| journal=Architectural Research Quarterly
| volume = 7
| issue = 2
| pages = 157–167
| publisher=Cambridge University Press
| location = Cambridge
| date = May 2004
| url = http://www.bolender.com/Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright/Files/Frank%20Lloyd%20Wright%20and%20Paul%20Mueller%20June%202003.pdf
| accessdate =March 16, 2010
| doi = 10.1017/S1359135503002112}}</ref>

As Wright began tae work on residential projects for [[Adler & Sullivan]].<ref name="WHPFLW">{{cite web|url=http://worldhistoryproject.org/1888/frank-lloyd-wright-works-for-adler-sullivan|title=Frank Lloyd Wright Works for Adler & Sullivan|publisher=World History Project.com|accessdate=September 2, 2013}}</ref> Wright designit his houses on his own time. Sullivan knew nothin o Wright's works until 1893, when he recognizit that one o the houses wis a Frank Lloyd Wright design.<ref name="WHPFLW"/> This particular house, built for [[w:Allison Harlan House|Allison Harlan]], wis only blocks away frae Sullivan's townhouse in the Chicago community o [[w:Kenwood, Chicago|Kenwood]].<ref name="WHPFLW"/>

==Famous buildins==
[[File:Wrightfallingwater.jpg|thumb|left|180px|Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, the house over the waterfall.]]
=== Fallingwater ===
Frank Lloyd Wright designit a summer-house in 1935 for the Kaufmann family over a waterfall in [[Pennsylvania]]. He callit the house "[[Fallingwater]]". Some people say it is the most famous private home in the world.<ref>''Fallingwater Rising: Frank Lloyd Wright, E. J. Kaufmann, and America's Most Extraordinary House'', Franklin Toker, Knopf, 2003, ISBN 1400040264.</ref>

The house actually sits low in the [[valley]] over the stream, but looks dramatic frae further downstream.<ref name="WIFW">{{cite web|url=http://www.fallingwater.org/37/what-is-fallingwater|title=What is Fallingwater?|publisher=Fallingwater.com|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> It has large terraces, and some of them stick straight out and hang over the [[waterfall]] or the stream. There are windows and glass doors, wi only narrow steel supports between them, wrappin all the way around the living room.

There are also windows going all the way frae the floor to the ceilin in all three stories of the touer.<ref name="WIFW"/> <ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news |first=Mike |last=Brewster |title=Frank Lloyd Wright: America's Architect |url=http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jul2004/nf20040728_3153_db078.htm |work=Business Week |publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies |date=July 28, 2004 |accessdate=January 22, 2008 }}</ref>

Most of the house is made frae [[stone]]. There are strong [[horizontal]] and [[vertical]] lines in the design of the house. It resembles the horizontal and vertical lines in the rock formations and other natural features.<ref name="WIFW"/> The waterfall can be heard everywhere in the house. Wright wantit there to be a close connection between inside and outside, and for the house itself to be natural.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wright-house.com/frank-lloyd-wright/fallingwater.html|title= Fallingwater: Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpiece house above the waterfall|publisher=Wright House.com|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}.</ref>

In 1991, members of the American Institute of Architects named the Fallingwater house the "best all-time work of American architecture".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csupomona.edu/~ypma/cis311project1/architecture.html|title=The Fallingwater|publisher=CSUPomona.com|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref>

=== Robie House ===
[[File:Robie House.jpg|thumb|right|210px|The Robie House]]
One famous [[house]] wis callit the [[Robie House]]. It had a [[maze]] like layout and [[geometric]] stainit [[glass]] [[window]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://grainger-arts-and-crafts-studio.com/2012/10/stained-glass-frank-lloyd-wright/|title=Stained-Glass Designs of Frank Lloyd Wright|publisher=Grainger Arts and Crafts Studio.com|accessdate=September 2, 2013}}</ref> The Robie House wis a unique house wi odd shapes, [[color]]s and form. He finishit makin it in 1910, as a house for children. In fact, many children livit and playit in that house with their families up until 1926 when it was closed for livin in, and closit to the public. Many times, it was planned to be destroyit. However, twice, Wright savit his house from destruction because o the reasons he built it and all the memories o it that he lovit so much. It is now bein restorit at a cost of $10 million.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.wrightplus.org/robiehouse/restoration/restoration.html
|title=Robie House Restoration Project
|publisher=www.wrightplus.org
|accessdate=May 18, 2008
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>

=== Johnson Wax Headquarters ===
[[File:Administration Building and Research Tower; Johnson Wax Headquarters; Racine, Wisconsin; June 9, 2012.JPG|thumb|left|210px|The Johnson Wax Headquarters]]
Another famous buildin bi Wright wis callit the [[Johnson Wax Headquarters]].<ref name="nhlsum">{{cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1521&ResourceType=Building
|title=Administration and Research Tower, S.C. Johnson Company
|accessdate=June 30, 2008|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> The buildin has Wright's idea o the streamlinit [[w:Art Moderne|Art Moderne]] style popular in the 1930s. In a break wi Wright's earlier Prairie School structures, the buildin features many [[circular]] forms and needit over 200 different curvit "Cherokee red" [[brick|bricks]] tae create the sweepin curves o the inside and outside.<ref name=nhlsum/>

The mortar between the bricks wis creatit in traditional Wright-style tae give the horizontality o the buildin.<ref name=nhlsum/> The warm, reddish hue o the bricks wis usit in the polishit [[concrete]] floor as well.<ref name=nhlsum/> The white [[stone]] trim and white [[columns]] create a slight yet strikin difference. All o the [[furniture]], creatit bi Steelcase, wis designit for the buildin bi Wright and it mirrorit many o the buildin's unique design features.<ref name=nhlsum/>

The entrance is in the structure, enterin the buildin on one side wi a coverit carport on the other.<ref name=nhlsum/> The carport is supportit bi short versions o the steel-reinforcit (tree-like) concrete columns that appear in the Great Workroom.<ref name=nhlsum/>

=== The Illinois ===
[[File:NYC - Guggenheim Museum.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]]
Wright proposit tae build a skyscraper callit [[The Illinois]] that would be the height o a distance o a mile.<ref name="Illinois">{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2241275/ |title=Dubai Debt: What the Burj Khalifa—the tallest building in the world—owes to Frank Lloyd Wright.|publisher= Slate.com|accessdate= August 31, 2013}}</ref> It wis intendit tae be constructit in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. It could have includit 528 stories, wi a gross area of 18,460,000 square feet (1,715,000 m2).<ref name="Illinois"/> Wright statit that there would be parkin for 15,000 cars and 150 helicopters.<ref name="Illinois"/>

===Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum===
The [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] in [[New York Ceety]]. Wright workit on this project for 16&nbsp;years (1943–1959) and is probably his most recognizit masterpiece.<ref name="SRGM">{{cite web|url=http://www.guggenheim.org/guggenheim-foundation/architecture/new-york|title=Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|publisher=Guggenheim.com|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> The buildin is located in [[Fifth Avenue]]. Its interior is similar to the inside of a [[seashell]].<ref name="SRGM"/>

Its one o a kind central geometry was createit tae allow visitors tae easily see Guggenheim's collection of his paintins by takin an [[elevator]] tae the top-level and then viewin artworks by walkin down the slowly descendin, central spiral ramp, the floor o which is lodgit wi circular shapes and triangular light bulbs tae complement the geometric nature o the buildin.<ref name="SRGM"/>

However, when the museum was completit, some o Wright's design were ignorit, such as his desire for the interior to be paintit off-white.<ref name="SRGM"/> Further, the Museum currently designs exhibits to be viewit bi walkin up the curvit walkway without walkin down frae the top-level.<ref name="SRGM"/>

==Later career==
Wright strongly believit in workin alone.<ref name="archive"/> He did not support the American Institute of Architects durin his career, goin so far as tae call the organization "a harbor of refuge for the incompetent," and "a form of refined gangsterism."<ref name="archive"/> When an the Institute called him "an old amateur" Wright later respondit, "I am the oldest."<ref name="archive">{{cite web|title=Biography in Sound: Frank Lloyd Wright|url=http://archive.org/details/Biography_in_Sound|work=Old Time Radio|accessdate=September 9, 2012}}</ref> In 1940, Wright startit the [[Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation]]. It wis set up for educational purposes. It looks after two Wright buildins, [[Taliesin East]] in [[Wisconsin]], and [[Taliesin West]] in [[Arizona]]. It has a [[library]] wi more than 22,000 o Wright's drawings, and 300,000 [[document|documents]]. It is home tae the [[Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture]].<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.franklloydwright.org/About_Us.html
|title=About Us
|publisher=www.franklloydwright.org
|accessdate=May 18, 2008
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>

==Personal life==
[[File:Frank Lloyd Wright NYWTS 3.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Wright in 1954]]
Frank Lloyd Wright wis marrit three times and fatherit seven children, four sons and three daughters. He also adoptit Svetlana Milanoff, the daughter of his third wife, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright.<ref>{{cite web|author=ascedia.com|url=http://www.taliesinpreservation.org/frank/faq.htm#Wives_children|title=Taliesin Preservation, Inc. – Frank Lloyd Wright – FAQs|publisher=Taliesinpreservation.org|accessdate=October 16, 2009|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080610011735/http%3A//www.taliesinpreservation.org/frank/faq.htm#Wives_children|archivedate=June 10, 2008|deadurl=yes}}</ref> Wright once had an apprentice who wis marrit tae [[Joseph Stalin]]'s daughter.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.steinerag.com/flw/Artifact%20Pages/PhPetersWes.htm
|title=Frank Lloyd Wright
|publisher=www.steinerag.com
|accessdate=July 21, 2013
|last=
|first=
}}
</ref>

His wives were:
* Catherine "Kitty" (Tobin) Wright (1871–1959); social worker, socialite (marriit in June 1889; divorcit November 1922)
* Maude "Miriam" (Noel) Wright (1869–1930), artist (marrit in November 1923; divorcit August 1927)
* Olga Ivanovna "Olgivanna" (Lazovich Milanoff) Lloyd Wright (1897–1985), dancer and writer (marrit in August 1928)

The Oscar-winnin actress [[Anne Baxter]] wis Wright's granddaughter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/baxter.htm|title=Anne Baxter genealogy|publisher=Ancestry.com|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref>

==Daith==
Wright deit on [[9 Aprile]] [[1959]], while undergoin surgery in [[Phoenix]], [[Arizona]], to remove an intestinal obstruction.<ref name="Death">{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0608.html |title=Frank Lloyd Wright Dies; Famed Architect Was 89|publisher=nytimes.com |date=April 10, 1959 |accessdate=May 12, 2010}}</ref> His third wife, Olgivanna would die in 1985.<ref name="FLWNYT">{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1985/04/10/us/reburial-of-frank-lloyd-wright-touches-off-a-stormy-debate.html|title=REBURIAL OF FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT TOUCHES OFF A STORMY DEBATE|publisher=New York Times.com|accessdate=August 31, 2013}}</ref> Wright wis soon burit in [[Unity Chapel]] in Wisconsin. Years later, his remains were crematit.
[[File:FrankLloydWright1966USstamp.jpg|thumb|right|210px|Frank Lloyd Wright's postage stamp published in 1966]]

==Legacy==
In 1966, the [[Unitit States Postal Service]] honorit Wright wi a ''Prominent Americans series'' 2¢ postage stamp.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://blog.miragestudio7.com/frank-lloyd-wright-stamps/456/|title=Frank Lloyd Wright Stamp|publisher=Miregestudio7.com|accessdate=September 2, 2013}}</ref> Several of Wright's buildins have been proposit by the Unitit States tae be [[UNESCO World Heritage Site|UNESCO World Heritage sites]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5249|title=Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings - UNESCO World Heritage Site|publisher=UNESCO.org|accessdate=September 2, 2013}}</ref>

Shortly after his daith, [[Simon & Garfunkel]] recordit ''[[So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright]]'' as a tribute to Wright.<ref name= allmusic>{{cite web|title= So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright|url= http://www.allmusic.com/search/track/So+Long+Frank+Lloyd+Wright/order:default-asc| publisher= [[Allmusic]]|accessdate= July 18, 2011}}</ref>

In 2000, Fallingwater wis namit "The Building of the 20th century" in "Top-Ten" poll taken by members attendin the AIA annual convention in [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3226.html|title=Fallingwater|publisher=U-S History.com|accessdate=September 2, 2013}}</ref> On that list, Wright wis listit along with many of the USA's other greatest architects includin [[Eero Saarinen]], [[I. M. Pei]], [[w:Louis Kahn|Louis Kahn]], [[w:Philip Johnson|Philip Johnson]] and [[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]]. He wis the only architect who had more than one buildin on the list. The other three buildins were the Guggenheim Museum, the Frederick C. Robie House and the Johnson Wax Headquarters.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aia.org/practicing/akr/AIAB090272|title=Honoring Frank Lloyd Wright|publisher=AIA.org|accessdate=September 2, 2013}}</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Ither wabsteid==
*[http://www.franklloydwright.org/ Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation] Official Website
*[http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/topics/flw Frank Lloyd Wright, Wisconsin Historical Society]
*[http://www.savewright.org/ Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy]
*[http://www.gowright.org/ Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation Trust] – FLW Home and Studio, Robie House
*[http://www.taliesin.edu/ Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture]
*[http://www.WrightInWisconsin.org/ Frank Lloyd Wright Wisconsin Heritage Tourism Program]
*[http://www.shapell.org/manuscript.aspx?frank-lloyd-wright-architecture Frank Lloyd Wright Original Letters] Shapell Manuscript Foundation
*[http://www.pbs.org/flw/ Frank Lloyd Wright] – [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] [[documentary]] by [[Ken Burns]] and resources


{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright, Frank Lloyd}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright, Frank Lloyd}}
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1867 births]]
[[Category:1959 daiths]]
[[Category:1959 daiths]]
[[Category:Daiths frae surgical complications]]
[[Category:Airchitects]]
[[Category:Airchitects]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Chicago, Illinois]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Chicago, Illinois]]

Reveision as o 22:34, 24 Juin 2014

Frank Lloyd Wright
BornFrank Lincoln Wright
8 Juin 1867(1867-06-08)
Richland Center, Wisconsin[1]
Dee'd9 Apryle 1959(1959-04-09) (aged 91)
Phoenix, Arizona[2]
Cause o daith
Surgery
NaitionalityAmerican
EddicationMadison High School
Alma materUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison
Hame tounChicago, Illinois
Hicht5' 7" (1.70 m)
ReleegionUnitarian[3]
Hauf-marrae(s)Catherine Wright (m. 1889–1922),
Maude Wright (m. 1923–1927),
Olgivanna Wright (m. 1928–1959)
BairnsLloyd Wright · John Lloyd Wright · Catherine Baxter · Svetlana Milanoff · Catherine Wright · Frances Wright · David Wright · Iovanna Wright
PawrentsWilliam Carey Wright
Anna Lloyd Jones
Signatur

Frank Lloyd Wright (Frank Lincoln Wright; 8 Juin, 1867 – 9 Aprile 1959) wis a famous American architect frae the early 20th centurie. He designit all kinds o buildins includin banks, holiday resorts, office buildins, kirkes, a synagogue, a gas station, a beer garden and an art museum.[4]

Wright designit more than 1,000 structures and completit 532 works. Wright believit in designin structures which were in peace wi humanity and its environment. He callit his belief organic architectur.[5] He usit this technique for his design for Fallingwater (1935), which has been callit "the best all-time work o American architectur".[5] Wright wis a leader of the Prairie School movement of architectur and developit the image of the Usonian home, his one-of-a-kind vision for urban planning in the Unitit States.

He began an American style of buildin design and is said to be one o the greatest architects of the twentieth centurie.[6]

Wright wis born in Richland Center, Wisconsin on 8 Juin 1867 to a farming family.[7]

His work includes original and creative examples of many buildin types. Wright also designit many o the interior elements of his buildins, such as the furniture and stained glass. Wright authorit 20 books and many articles and was a popular lecturer in the Unitit States and in Europe.

His colorful personal life often made headlines, most notably for the 1914 fire and murders at his Taliesin studio. Already well-kent durin his lifetime, Wright wis recognizit in 1991 by the American Institute of Architects as "the greatest American architect of all time."[5]

Wright deit on 9 Aprile, 1959 in Phoenix, Arizona frae surgical complications.[8] He wis 91 years old.[8]

Early life

Frank Lloyd Wright wis born in the farmin town o Richland Center, Wisconsin, Unitit States, on 8 Juin 1867.[7] He wis born Frank Lincoln Wright.[9] His father, William Carey Wright (1825–1904)[10], wis a locally admirit speaker, music teacher, sometimes a lawyer, and minister. William Wright had met and marriit Anna Lloyd Jones (1838/39 – 1923)[10], a county school teacher of Welsh descent.

Early career

Wright's first well-kent buildin, the Larkin Administration Buildin

Wright did not get along well wi other draftsmen. He wrote that several violent events happenit between them durin the first years o his apprenticeship. Afterwards many other draftsmen showed very little respect for his employees as well.[11] In spite of this, "Sullivan took [Wright] under his wing and gave him great design responsibility." As an act of respect, Wright would later refer to Sullivan as Lieber Meister (German for "Dear Master").[12] Wright also formit a bond with office foreman Paul Mueller. Wright would later engage Mueller to build several of his public and commercial buildins between 1903 and 1923.[13]

As Wright began tae work on residential projects for Adler & Sullivan.[14] Wright designit his houses on his own time. Sullivan knew nothin o Wright's works until 1893, when he recognizit that one o the houses wis a Frank Lloyd Wright design.[14] This particular house, built for Allison Harlan, wis only blocks away frae Sullivan's townhouse in the Chicago community o Kenwood.[14]

Famous buildins

Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater, the house over the waterfall.

Fallingwater

Frank Lloyd Wright designit a summer-house in 1935 for the Kaufmann family over a waterfall in Pennsylvania. He callit the house "Fallingwater". Some people say it is the most famous private home in the world.[15]

The house actually sits low in the valley over the stream, but looks dramatic frae further downstream.[16] It has large terraces, and some of them stick straight out and hang over the waterfall or the stream. There are windows and glass doors, wi only narrow steel supports between them, wrappin all the way around the living room.

There are also windows going all the way frae the floor to the ceilin in all three stories of the touer.[16] [5]

Most of the house is made frae stone. There are strong horizontal and vertical lines in the design of the house. It resembles the horizontal and vertical lines in the rock formations and other natural features.[16] The waterfall can be heard everywhere in the house. Wright wantit there to be a close connection between inside and outside, and for the house itself to be natural.[17]

In 1991, members of the American Institute of Architects named the Fallingwater house the "best all-time work of American architecture".[18]

Robie House

The Robie House

One famous house wis callit the Robie House. It had a maze like layout and geometric stainit glass windows.[19] The Robie House wis a unique house wi odd shapes, colors and form. He finishit makin it in 1910, as a house for children. In fact, many children livit and playit in that house with their families up until 1926 when it was closed for livin in, and closit to the public. Many times, it was planned to be destroyit. However, twice, Wright savit his house from destruction because o the reasons he built it and all the memories o it that he lovit so much. It is now bein restorit at a cost of $10 million.[20]

Johnson Wax Headquarters

The Johnson Wax Headquarters

Another famous buildin bi Wright wis callit the Johnson Wax Headquarters.[21] The buildin has Wright's idea o the streamlinit Art Moderne style popular in the 1930s. In a break wi Wright's earlier Prairie School structures, the buildin features many circular forms and needit over 200 different curvit "Cherokee red" bricks tae create the sweepin curves o the inside and outside.[21]

The mortar between the bricks wis creatit in traditional Wright-style tae give the horizontality o the buildin.[21] The warm, reddish hue o the bricks wis usit in the polishit concrete floor as well.[21] The white stone trim and white columns create a slight yet strikin difference. All o the furniture, creatit bi Steelcase, wis designit for the buildin bi Wright and it mirrorit many o the buildin's unique design features.[21]

The entrance is in the structure, enterin the buildin on one side wi a coverit carport on the other.[21] The carport is supportit bi short versions o the steel-reinforcit (tree-like) concrete columns that appear in the Great Workroom.[21]

The Illinois

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

Wright proposit tae build a skyscraper callit The Illinois that would be the height o a distance o a mile.[22] It wis intendit tae be constructit in Chicago, Illinois. It could have includit 528 stories, wi a gross area of 18,460,000 square feet (1,715,000 m2).[22] Wright statit that there would be parkin for 15,000 cars and 150 helicopters.[22]

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York Ceety. Wright workit on this project for 16 years (1943–1959) and is probably his most recognizit masterpiece.[23] The buildin is located in Fifth Avenue. Its interior is similar to the inside of a seashell.[23]

Its one o a kind central geometry was createit tae allow visitors tae easily see Guggenheim's collection of his paintins by takin an elevator tae the top-level and then viewin artworks by walkin down the slowly descendin, central spiral ramp, the floor o which is lodgit wi circular shapes and triangular light bulbs tae complement the geometric nature o the buildin.[23]

However, when the museum was completit, some o Wright's design were ignorit, such as his desire for the interior to be paintit off-white.[23] Further, the Museum currently designs exhibits to be viewit bi walkin up the curvit walkway without walkin down frae the top-level.[23]

Later career

Wright strongly believit in workin alone.[24] He did not support the American Institute of Architects durin his career, goin so far as tae call the organization "a harbor of refuge for the incompetent," and "a form of refined gangsterism."[24] When an the Institute called him "an old amateur" Wright later respondit, "I am the oldest."[24] In 1940, Wright startit the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation. It wis set up for educational purposes. It looks after two Wright buildins, Taliesin East in Wisconsin, and Taliesin West in Arizona. It has a library wi more than 22,000 o Wright's drawings, and 300,000 documents. It is home tae the Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture.[25]

Personal life

Wright in 1954

Frank Lloyd Wright wis marrit three times and fatherit seven children, four sons and three daughters. He also adoptit Svetlana Milanoff, the daughter of his third wife, Olgivanna Lloyd Wright.[26] Wright once had an apprentice who wis marrit tae Joseph Stalin's daughter.[27]

His wives were:

  • Catherine "Kitty" (Tobin) Wright (1871–1959); social worker, socialite (marriit in June 1889; divorcit November 1922)
  • Maude "Miriam" (Noel) Wright (1869–1930), artist (marrit in November 1923; divorcit August 1927)
  • Olga Ivanovna "Olgivanna" (Lazovich Milanoff) Lloyd Wright (1897–1985), dancer and writer (marrit in August 1928)

The Oscar-winnin actress Anne Baxter wis Wright's granddaughter.[28]

Daith

Wright deit on 9 Aprile 1959, while undergoin surgery in Phoenix, Arizona, to remove an intestinal obstruction.[8] His third wife, Olgivanna would die in 1985.[29] Wright wis soon burit in Unity Chapel in Wisconsin. Years later, his remains were crematit.

Frank Lloyd Wright's postage stamp published in 1966

Legacy

In 1966, the Unitit States Postal Service honorit Wright wi a Prominent Americans series 2¢ postage stamp.[30] Several of Wright's buildins have been proposit by the Unitit States tae be UNESCO World Heritage sites.[31]

Shortly after his daith, Simon & Garfunkel recordit So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright as a tribute to Wright.[32]

In 2000, Fallingwater wis namit "The Building of the 20th century" in "Top-Ten" poll taken by members attendin the AIA annual convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[33] On that list, Wright wis listit along with many of the USA's other greatest architects includin Eero Saarinen, I. M. Pei, Louis Kahn, Philip Johnson and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. He wis the only architect who had more than one buildin on the list. The other three buildins were the Guggenheim Museum, the Frederick C. Robie House and the Johnson Wax Headquarters.[34]

References

  1. ↑ "Wright on the Web: The Early Years". www.delmars.com. Retrieved 18 Mey 2008.
  2. ↑ "Wright on the Web: The Fifties". www.delmars.com. Retrieved 18 Mey 2008.
  3. ↑ "FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT: UNITARIAN ARCHITECT 1867- 1959". Harvard Square Library.com. Retrieved 21 Julie 2013.
  4. ↑ "Frank Lloyd Wright . Life and Work". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 18 Mey 2009.
  5. ↑ a b c d Brewster, Mike (28 Julie 2004). "Frank Lloyd Wright: America's Architect". Business Week. The McGraw-Hill Companies. Retrieved 22 Januar 2008.
  6. ↑ "About Frank Lloyd Wright". www.wrightplus.org. Retrieved 18 Mey 2008.
  7. ↑ a b "Frank Lloyd Wright biography". Browse biography.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  8. ↑ a b c "Frank Lloyd Wright Dies; Famed Architect Was 89". nytimes.com. 10 Apryle 1959. Retrieved 12 Mey 2010.
  9. ↑ "Frank Lincoln Wright. American Literature". Man Museum.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  10. ↑ a b "Frank Lloyd Wright". Historic Madison, Inc. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  11. ↑ Wright 2005, pp. 89–94.
  12. ↑ Tafel, Edgar (1985). Years With Frank lloyd Wright: Apprentice to Genius. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. p. 31. ISBN 0-486-24801-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  13. ↑ Saint, Andrew (Mey 2004). "Frank Lloyd Wright and Paul Mueller: the architect and his builder of choice" (PDF). Architectural Research Quarterly. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 7 (2): 157–167. doi:10.1017/S1359135503002112. Retrieved 16 Mairch 2010.
  14. ↑ a b c "Frank Lloyd Wright Works for Adler & Sullivan". World History Project.com. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  15. ↑ Fallingwater Rising: Frank Lloyd Wright, E. J. Kaufmann, and America's Most Extraordinary House, Franklin Toker, Knopf, 2003, ISBN 1400040264.
  16. ↑ a b c "What is Fallingwater?". Fallingwater.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  17. ↑ "Fallingwater: Frank Lloyd Wright's masterpiece house above the waterfall". Wright House.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013..
  18. ↑ "The Fallingwater". CSUPomona.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  19. ↑ "Stained-Glass Designs of Frank Lloyd Wright". Grainger Arts and Crafts Studio.com. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  20. ↑ "Robie House Restoration Project". www.wrightplus.org. Retrieved 18 Mey 2008.
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g "Administration and Research Tower, S.C. Johnson Company". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 30 Juin 2008.
  22. ↑ a b c "Dubai Debt: What the Burj Khalifa—the tallest building in the world—owes to Frank Lloyd Wright". Slate.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  23. ↑ a b c d e "Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum". Guggenheim.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  24. ↑ a b c "Biography in Sound: Frank Lloyd Wright". Old Time Radio. Retrieved 9 September 2012.
  25. ↑ "About Us". www.franklloydwright.org. Retrieved 18 Mey 2008.
  26. ↑ ascedia.com. "Taliesin Preservation, Inc. – Frank Lloyd Wright – FAQs". Taliesinpreservation.org. Archived frae the original on 10 Juin 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2009. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (help)
  27. ↑ "Frank Lloyd Wright". www.steinerag.com. Retrieved 21 Julie 2013.
  28. ↑ "Anne Baxter genealogy". Ancestry.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  29. ↑ "REBURIAL OF FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT TOUCHES OFF A STORMY DEBATE". New York Times.com. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
  30. ↑ "Frank Lloyd Wright Stamp". Miregestudio7.com. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  31. ↑ "Frank Lloyd Wright Buildings - UNESCO World Heritage Site". UNESCO.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  32. ↑ "So Long, Frank Lloyd Wright". Allmusic. Retrieved 18 Julie 2011.
  33. ↑ "Fallingwater". U-S History.com. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
  34. ↑ "Honoring Frank Lloyd Wright". AIA.org. Retrieved 2 September 2013.

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