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Neolithic

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The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stane Age, wis a period in the development o human technology, beginnin aboot 15,200 BC, accordin tae the ASPRO chronology, in some pairts o the Middle East, an efter in ither pairts o the warld[1] an endin atween 4500 an 2000 BC. The period is definit by the uptake o agricultur.

The European Neolithic

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Syne the idea o an independent invention ae fermin in Europe wis scientifically rejectit in the 1960s [2], ane ae the maist muckle airchaeological flytes haes been oer hou fermin reakit Europe. The twa ideas is the spreid o fermers themsels, or merely the spread o the idea ae fermin[3]. Evidence fae Autosomal DNA analysis has proven that fermers themsels certainly spread [4].

Scotland

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In Scotland, the Neolithic began roon aboot 4300/3800 BC [3]. Whit happened tae the pre-existin Mesolithic hunter-getherer fowks remeens a mystery[3][5]. Wi Britain bein an island, the first fermers will hae crossid the watters in wee coracle boats, cerryin their nowt an ither beas wi them.

The period wrappit up aroon 2500 BC wi the earliest metal-wirkin in the Early Bronze Age, whilk wis again associate wi an incomin migration[6].

Thir days, Scotland haes a UNESCO Warld Heritage Syte in Orkney; the Heart of Neolithic Orkney.

References

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  1. Figure 3.3 frae First Farmers: The Origins of Agricultural Societies bi Peter Bellwood, 2004
  2. fur daein
  3. a b c Sheridan & Brophy 2012 https://www.scottishheritagehub.com/content/scarf-neolithic-panel-report Archived 2019-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Haak et al 2010 https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000536
  5. "The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Scotland: ways forward". Scottish Heritage Hub. Archived frae the original on 29 December 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  6. Olalde et al 2018 https://www.nature.com/articles/nature25738