Keelung
Keelung Ceety (an aa Jilong or Chilung) is a major port ceety situatit in the northeastren pairt o Taiwan. It borders New Taipei an forms the Taipei–Keelung metropolitan aurie, alang wi the Taipei an New Taipei. Nicknamed the Rainy Port for its frequent rain an maritime role, the ceety is Taiwan's second lairgest seaport (efter Kaohsiung). Keelung is currently admeenistered as a provincial municipality athin the Republic o Cheenae (Taiwan).
Name
[eedit | eedit soorce]| Keelung City | |||||||||||||
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| Cheenese | 基隆市 | ||||||||||||
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| Taiwanese Hokkien Name | |||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 雞籠市 | ||||||||||||
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The ceety o Keelung wis kent as Kelung or Keelung tae the Wastren warld durin the 19t century.[1][2] Housomeivver, the Taiwanese fowk hae lang cried the ceety Kelang (Cheenese: 雞籠; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ke-lâng; leeterally: "rooster cage or hencoop"[3]).
It haes been proposed that the name Keelung wis derived frae the local muntain that teuk the shape o a rooster cage. Housomeivver, it is mair probable that the name wis derived frae the first inhabitants o the region, as are the names o mony ither Taiwanese ceeties. In this case, the Ketagalan fowk wur the first inhabitants, an early Han settlers probably approximated "Ketagalan" wi "Ke-lâng" (phonetics o the Soothren Min leid).
In 1875, durin Qing Dynasty rule, the Cheenese characters o the name wur chyngit tae the mair auspicious 基隆 (pinyin: Jīlóng; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ki-liông; leeterally: "base prosperous").[4] In Mandarin, probably the wirkin leid o the Cheenese govrenment at the time, baith the auld an new names wur likely pronoonced Kīlóng (hence "Keelung"). Unner Japanese rule (1895–1945), the ceety wis kent tae the wast bi Japanese readins o the new name: Kirun, Kiirun or Kīrun. In Modren Staundart Cheenese, the offeecial leid o the Republic o Cheenae, the new name is read Jīlóng, although the locals have continued to call the city Ke-lâng throughout changes in government.
History
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Keelung wis first inhabitit bi the Ketagalan, a tribe o Taiwanese aborigine. Its first contact wi the wast wis wi the Spainyie in the early 17t century, who built a fort in Keelung as an ootpost o the Manila-based Spainyie East Indies. Frae 1642 tae 1661 an 1663–1668, Keelung wis unner Dutch control.[5][6] The Dutch East Indie Company teuk ower the Spainyie Fort San Salvador at Santissima Trinidad. They reduced its size an renamed it Fort Noort-Hollant.[6] The Dutch haed three mair minor fortifications in Keelung an an' a' a little schuil an a preacher. When Ming Dynasty lyalist Koxinga (Cheng Ch'en-Kung) successfully attacked the Dutch in the Sooth o Taiwan, the crew o the Keelung forts fled tae the Dutch tradin post in Japan. The Dutch came back in 1663 an re-occupee'd an strengthened their earlier forts. Housomeivver, trade wi Cheena through Keelung wis no wha they hoped it wad be an, in 1668, they left voluntarily.
In 1863, the Qing Empire opened up Keelung as a tradin port.
The Keelung Campaign wis an important subsidiary campaign in the Sino-French War (August 1884 tae April 1885). The French occupee'd Keelung frae 1 October 1884 tae 22 Juin 1885, an several battles wur fought durin this period atween Liu Ming-ch'uan's Airmy o Northren Formosa an Colonel Jacques Duchesne's Formosa Expeditionary Corps.
A systematic ceety development stairtit durin the Japanese Era, efter the 8 Mey 1895 Treaty o Shimonoseki, which haundit aw Taiwan ower tae Japan, went intae force. A five-phase construction o Keelung Harbor wis initiatit, an in bi 1916 trade volume haed exceedit even those o Danshui an Kaohsiung Harbors tae become ane o the major commercial harbors o Taiwan.[7]
Keelung became a toun in Keelung Destrict, Taipei Prefecture in 1920 an wis upgradit tae a ceety o Taipei Prefecture in 1924.[7] The Paceefic War brak oot in 1941, an Keelung became ane o the first targets o Allied bombers an wis nearly destroyed as a result.[7] Coal minin peaked in 1968. The ceety developed quickly an bi 1984, the harbor wis the 7t lairgest container harbor in the warld.[8]
Climate
[eedit | eedit soorce]Keelung haes a fower-saison humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) an is pairticularly notit for its heich rainfaw year-roond, wi an average o upwards o 3,700 millimetres (146 in), contributin tae its nickname o "Rain Port" (雨港). Winters are short an mild, whilst simmers are lang an hot, hintle like the rest o the island. Housomeivver its location on northren muntain slopes means that due tae orographic lift, rainfaw is hivier durin hairst an winter, the latter durin which a northeasterly flow prevails. Durin simmer, soothwasterly winds dominate an thus rainfaw there is a slicht rain shadae effect. Fog is maist serious durin winter an ware, when relative humidity levels are an aa heichest.
| Climate data for Keelung (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average heich °C (°F) | 18.0 (64.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.1 (80.8) |
30.4 (86.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
31.9 (89.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
26.1 (79.0) |
22.7 (72.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
25.1 (77.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
21.1 (70.0) |
24.2 (75.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
29.0 (84.2) |
28.6 (83.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
20.8 (69.4) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.4 (72.3) |
| Average law °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) |
13.7 (56.7) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.7 (65.7) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
18.9 (66.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
| Average rainfaw mm (inches) | 335.8 (13.22) |
399.1 (15.71) |
332.3 (13.08) |
240.9 (9.48) |
296.1 (11.66) |
286.7 (11.29) |
150.4 (5.92) |
212.8 (8.38) |
360.8 (14.20) |
413.4 (16.28) |
394.7 (15.54) |
332.1 (13.07) |
3,755.1 (147.84) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 21.0 | 19.6 | 21.1 | 17.2 | 18.8 | 14.2 | 9.2 | 11.5 | 15.0 | 17.7 | 19.9 | 20.1 | 205.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 81.2 | 82.5 | 83.6 | 81.6 | 81.7 | 79.6 | 75.1 | 76.7 | 78.6 | 79.2 | 79.0 | 78.5 | 79.8 |
| Mean monthly sunshine oors | 54.5 | 48.0 | 65.6 | 83.4 | 90.3 | 125.4 | 203.0 | 192.5 | 149.1 | 94.3 | 58.7 | 52.6 | 1,217.4 |
| Source: [9] | |||||||||||||
Cultur
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Ane o the maist popular festivals in Taiwan is the Mid-Summer Ghost Festival. The Keelung Ghost Festival is amang the auldest in Taiwan, datin back tae 1851 efter bitter clashes atween rivalin clans, which claimed mony lives afore mediators stepped in. The Ghost Festival of Keelung City Archived 2011-07-23 at the Wayback Machine is a reflection of Taiwan's rich cultural history that is vera hintle alive the day.[10]
Admeenistration
[eedit | eedit soorce]| Keelung haes 7 destricts (區 Qu): | Destrict | Population | Land aurie | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
as o 2009 | km² | ||
| ■ Zhongzheng-qu | 中正區 | 56,635 | 10.2118 | |
| ■ Zhongshan-qu | 中山區 | 51,755 | 10.5238 | |
| ■ Ren'ai-qu | 仁愛區 | 50,475 | 4.2335 | |
| ■ Xinyi-qu | 信義區 | 51,436 | 10.6706 | |
| ■ Anle-qu | 安樂區 | 85,093 | 18.0250 | |
| ■ Nuannuan-qu | 暖暖區 | 38,184 | 22.8283 | |
| ■ Qidu-qu | 七堵區 | 55,18 | 56.2659 |
Population growth
[eedit | eedit soorce]| Year | Population | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1840 | ||
| 1897 | 9,500 | |
| 1924 | 58,000 | |
| 1943 | 100,000 | |
| 1944 | 92,000 | Decrease due tae Allied air bombins |
| 1948 | 130,000 | 28,000 Mainlander influx |
| 1971 | 330,000 | |
| 347,828 | ||
| 2010 | 387,207 |
Internaitional relations
[eedit | eedit soorce]Twin touns — Sister ceeties
[eedit | eedit soorce]Keelung is twinned wi:
Bacolod Ceety, Philippines
Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands
Campbell, USA- Corpus Christi, Unitit StatesUSA
- Davao Ceety, Philippines
East London, Sooth Africae
Marrickville, Australie
Miyakojima, Japan- Rosemead, USA
- Salt Lake Ceety, USA
Thunder Bay, Canadae- Yakima, USA
See an aa
[eedit | eedit soorce]- Port o Keelung
- Taipei
- New Taipei
- Leet o ceeties in the Republic o Cheenae (Taiwan)
- Admeenistrative diveesions o the Republic o Cheenae
References
[eedit | eedit soorce]- ↑ Smith, D. Warres (1900). European settlements in the Far East: China, Japan, Corea, Indo-China, Straits Settlements, Malay States, Siam, Netherlands, India, Borneo, the Philippines, etc. S. Low, Marston & company. p. 38. Retrieved 24 Julie 2010.
- ↑ Terry, Thomas Philip (1914). Terry's Japanese Empire. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 775. Retrieved 24 Julie 2010.
- ↑ "Welcome to Keelung City: The Beginning". Keelung City Government. Archived frae the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 24 Julie 2010.
- ↑ "Ching Dynasty". Keelung City Government. Archived frae the original on 26 Mey 2010. Retrieved 24 Julie 2010.
- ↑ Twitchett, Denis Crispin (1978). The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8. Cambridge University Press. p. 46. ISBN 0-521-24333-5. Retrieved 12 Juin 2010.
- ↑ a b "Ming Dynasty and Cheng Cheng kung's Era". Keelung City Government. Archived frae the original on 25 Mey 2010. Retrieved 12 Juin 2010.
- ↑ a b c "Japanese Occupation". Keelung City Government. Archived frae the original on 24 Mey 2010. Retrieved 12 Juin 2010.
- ↑ "The Republic of China". Keelung City Government. Archived frae the original on 25 Mey 2010. Retrieved 12 Juin 2010.
- ↑ "Statistics > Monthly Mean". Central Weather Bureau. Archived frae the original on 7 Julie 2009. Retrieved 19 Julie 2011.
- ↑ "Keelung: Mid-summer ghost festival". Dream Life. Archived frae the original on 17 October 2008. Retrieved 15 October 2008.
Sources an freemit airtins
[eedit | eedit soorce]
Defineetions frae Wiktionary
Media frae Wikimedia Commons
News frae Wikinews
Quotations frae Wikiquote
Texts frae Wikisource
Textbeuks frae Wikibooks
Learnin resoorces frae Wikiversity
Travel guide tae Keelung frae Wikivoyage- Keelung Ceety Govrenment official website (in Inglis)
- Keelung Harbor Bureau official website Archived 2010-01-23 at the Wayback Machine (in Inglis)
- WorldStatesmen.org — Taiwan
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