Clitoris
| Clitoris | |
|---|---|
 The internal anatomy o the human vulva, wi the clitoral huid an labia minora indicatit as lines. The clitoris extends frae the veesible portion tae a pynt ablo the pubic bane. | |
 Location o clitoral glans (2) an clitoral huid (1) | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | Genital tubercle |
| Artery | Dorsal artery o clitoris, deep artery o clitoris |
| Vein | Superficial dorsal veins o clitoris, deep dorsal vein o clitoris |
| Nerve | Dorsal nerve o clitoris |
| Identifiers | |
| TA | A09.2.02.001 |
| FMA | 9909 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
The clitoris is a female sex organ present in mammals, ostriches an a leemitit nummer o ither ainimals. In humans, the veesible portion - the glans - is at the front junction o the labia minora (inner lips), abuin the appenin o the urethra. Unlik the penis, the male homologue (equivalent) tae the clitoris, it uisually daes nae conteen the distal portion (or appenin) o the urethra an is tharefore nae uised for urination. The clitoris an aw uisually lacks a reproductive function. While few ainimals urinate through the clitoris or uise it reproductively, the spottit hyena, that has an especially lairge clitoris, urinates, mates, an gies birth via the organ. Some ither mammals, sic as lemurs an speeder puggies, an aw hae a lairge clitoris.[1]
The clitoris is the human female's maist sensitive erogenous zone an generally the primary anatomical soorce o human female sexual pleisur.[2] In humans an ither mammals, it develops frae an ootgrowthe in the embryo cried the genital tubercle. Ineetially undifferentiatit, the tubercle develops intae aither a penis or a clitoris, dependin on the presence or absence o the protein tdf, that is codified bi a single gene on the Y chromosome. The clitoris is a complex structur, an its size an sensitivity can vary. The glans (heid) o the human clitoris is aboot the size an shape o a pease, an is estimated tae hae aboot 8,000 sensory nerve endins.[3]
Sexological an medical debate hae focused on the clitoris, an it haes an aw been the subject o sociological (includin social constructionist) analyses an studies.[4] Sic discussions range frae anatomical accuracy, gender inequality, orgasmic factors an thair pheesiological explanation for the G-spot.[5] Awtho, in humans, the anerly kent purpose o the clitoris is tae provide sexual pleisur, whather the clitoris is vestigial, an adaptation, or serves a reproductive function haes been debatit.[6] Social perceptions o the clitoris include the signeeficance o its role in female sexual pleisur, assumptions aboot its true size an deepth, an varyin beliefs regairdin genital modification sic as clitoris enlargement, clitoris piercin an clitoridectomy.[7] Genital modification mey be for aesthetic, medical or cultural reasons.[7]
Knawledge o the clitoris is signeeficantly impactit bi cultural perceptions o the organ. Studies suggest that knawledge o its exeestence an anatomy is scant in comparison wi that o ither sexual organs, an that mair eddication aboot it coud help alleviate social stigmas associatit wi the female bouk an female sexual pleisur; for ensaumple, that the clitoris an vulva in general are veesually unappealin, that female masturbation is taboo, or that men shoud be expectit tae maister an control weemen's orgasms.[8]
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ Goodman 2009; Roughgarden 2004, pp. 37–40; Wingfield 2006, p. 2023
- ↑ Rodgers 2003, pp. 92–93; O'Connell, Sanjeevan & Hutson 2005, pp. 1189–1195; Greenberg, Bruess & Conklin 2010, p. 95; Weiten, Dunn & Hammer 2011, p. 386: Carroll 2012, pp. 110–111, 252
- ↑ Carroll 2012, pp. 110–111, 252; Di Marino 2014, p. 81
- ↑ Moore & Clarke 1995; Blechner 2017
- ↑ Moore & Clarke 1995; Blechner 2017; Schwartz & Kempner 2015, p. 24; Wood 2017, pp. 68-69;
- ↑ Rodgers 2003, pp. 92–93; O'Connell, Sanjeevan & Hutson 2005, pp. 1189–1195; Kilchevsky et al. 2012, pp. 719–726
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Ogletree & Ginsburg 2000, pp. 917–926; Chalker 2002, p. 60; Momoh 2005, pp. 5–11
- ↑ Ogletree & Ginsburg 2000, pp. 917–926; Wade, Kremer & Brown 2005, pp. 117–138; Waskul, Vannini & Wiesen 2007, pp. 151–174
Soorces[eedit | eedit soorce]
- Blechner, Mark J. (2017). "The Clitoris: Anatomical and Psychological Issues". Studies in Gender and Sexuality]. 18 (3): 190–200. doi:10.1080/15240657.2017.1349509.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Carroll, Janell L. (2012). Sexuality Now: Embracing Diversity. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-111-83581-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Chalker, Rebecca (2002) [2000]. The Clitoral Truth. Seven Seas Press. ISBN 978-1-58322-473-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Di Marino, Vincent (2014). Anatomic Study of the Clitoris and the Bulbo-Clitoral Organ. Springer. ISBN 3319048945.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Goodman, S. (2009). "Family Eupleridae (Madagascar Carnivores)". In Wilson, D; Mittermeier, R (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. 1: Carnivores. Lynx Edicions. ISBN 978-84-96553-49-1.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Greenberg, Jerrold S.; Bruess, Clint E.; Conklin, Sarah C (2010). Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality. Jones & Bartlett Learning. ISBN 978-0-7637-7660-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Kilchevsky, Amichai; Vardi, Yoram; Lowenstein, Lior; Gruenwald, Ilan (January 2012). "Is the Female G-Spot Truly a Distinct Anatomic Entity?". The Journal of Sexual Medicine. 9 (3): 719–26. doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02623.x. PMID 22240236.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Momoh, Comfort (2005). "1: Female Genital Mutilation". In Momoh, Comfort (ed.). Female Genital Mutilation. Radcliffe Publishing. ISBN 978-1-85775-693-7.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Moore, Lisa Jean; Clarke, Adele E. (April 1995). "Clitoral Conventions and Transgressions: Graphic Representations in Anatomy Texts, c1900-1991". Feminist Studies. 21 (2): 255–301. doi:10.2307/3178262.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Ogletree, Shirley Matile; Ginsburg, Harvey J. (2000). "Kept Under the Hood: Neglect of the Clitoris in Common Vernacular". Sex Roles. 43 (11–12): 917–26. doi:10.1023/A:1011093123517.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- O'Connell, Helen E.; Sanjeevan, Kalavampara V.; Hutson, John M. (October 2005). "Anatomy of the clitoris". The Journal of Urology. 174 (4): 1189–95. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000173639.38898.cd. PMID 16145367.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Rodgers, Joann Ellison (2003). Sex: A Natural History. Macmillan. ISBN 0805072810.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Roughgarden, Joan (2004). Evolution's Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24073-5.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Schwartz, Pepper; Kempner, Martha (2015). 50 Great Myths of Human Sexuality. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0470674334.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wade, Lisa D.; Kremer, Emily C.; Brown, Jessica (2005). "The Incidental Orgasm: The Presence of Clitoral Knowledge and the Absence of Orgasm for Women". Women & Health. 42 (1): 117–38. doi:10.1300/J013v42n01_07. PMID 16418125.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Waskul, Dennis D.; Vannini, Phillip; Wiesen, Desiree (2007). "Women and Their Clitoris: Personal Discovery, Signification, and Use". Symbolic Interaction. 30 (2): 151–74. doi:10.1525/si.2007.30.2.151.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Weiten, Wayne; Dunn, Dana S.; Hammer, Elizabeth Yost (2011). Psychology Applied to Modern Life: Adjustment in the 21st century. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-1-111-18663-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wingfield, John C (2006). "Communicative Behaviors Hormone–Behavior Interactions, and Reproduction in Vertebrates". In Neill, Jimmy D (ed.). Physiology of Reproduction. 2. Gulf Professional Publishing. ISBN 978-0-12-515402-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Wood, Rachel (2017). Consumer Sexualities: Women and Sex Shopping. Routledge. ISBN 1315447509.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
