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Letter Names and Phonemes 2020-05-15 22:55
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Isolated
Letter
[N] 		Phoneme Urdu Letter Name [1][2] Unicode
[3][4] 		Nummer in
Urdu alphabet
IPA Scots Letter closest Phoneme in Scots closest Phoneme in Inglis Nastaliq
[footnote 1] 		diacritics
[2] 		Romanizations [2][5] [2]
ا /ɑː/ /ā/
/ʔ/ /–/
[citation needit] 		(example needed) الف الِف alif[2] / alef[4] U+0627 1 1
ب /b/ (example needed) B in "bat" بے بے bē[2] / beh[4] U+0628 2 2
پ /p/ (example needed) پے پے pē[2] / peh[3] U+067E 3 3
ت /t̪/ (example needed) تے تے tē[2] / teh[4] U+062A 4 4
ٹ /ʈ/ (example needed) ٹے ٹے ṭē[2] / tteh[3] U+0679 5 5
ث /s/ (example needed) ثے ثے sē[2] / s̱ē U+062B 6 6
ج /d͡ʒ/ (example needed) جيم جِيم jīm[2] / jeem[4] U+062C 7 7
چ /t͡ʃ/ (example needed) چے چے čē[2] / cē[2] / tcheh[3] U+0686 8 8
ح /ɦ/ (example needed) بڑی حے بَڑی حے baṛī ħē[2] / baṛī ḥē   U+062D 9 9
خ /x/ "guttural" Kh [6] ch in "loch" [6] خے خے xē[2] / khē[2] / khah[4] / k͟hē   U+062E 10 10
د /d/ (example needed) دال دال dāl[2] / dal[4]   U+062F 11 11
ڈ /ɖ/ (example needed) ڈال ڈال ḍāl[2] / ddal[3] U+0688 12 12
ذ /z/ (example needed) ذال ذال zāl[2] / ẕāl U+0630 13 13
ر /r/ (example needed) رے رے rē[2] / reh[4]   U+0631 14 14
ڑ /ɽ/ (example needed) ڑے ڑے ṛē[2] / rreh[3]   U+0691 15 15
ز /z/ (example needed) زے زے zē[2] / zey   U+0632 16 16
ژ /ʒ/ (example needed) ژے ژے žē[2] / zhē[2]   U+0698 17 17
س /s/ (example needed) سین سِين sīn[2] / seen[4]   U+0633 18 18
ش /ʃ/ (example needed) شین شِين šīn[2] / shīn[2] / sheen[4]   U+0634 19 19
ص /s/ (example needed) صاد صْواد  swād[2] / sad[4] / ṣwād   U+0635 20 20
ض /z/ (example needed) ضاد ضْواد żwād[2] / ẓwād   U+0636 21 21
ط /t/ (example needed) طوے طوئے tō’ē[2] / tah[4] / tōē / t̤o'ē / toy U+0637 22 22
ظ /z/ (example needed) ظوے ظوئے zō’ē[2] / zōē / z̤o'ē   U+0638 23 23
ع /ɑː/ /oː/ /eː/
/ʔ/ /ʕ/ /∅/
(footnote) 		(example needed) عین عَيْن ‘ain[2] / ain[4] ayn   U+0639 24 24
غ /ɣ/ (example needed) غین غَيْن ğain[2] / ghain[4] / g͟hain U+063A 25 25
ف /f/ (example needed) فے فے fē[2] / feh[4] U+0641 26 26
ق /q/ (example needed) قاف قاف qāf[2] / qaf[4] U+0642 27 27
ک /k/ (example needed) کاف کاف kāf[2] / kāf   U+06A9 28 28
گ /ɡ/ (example needed) گاف گاف gāf[2] / gaf[3]   U+06AF 29 29
ل /l/ (example needed) لام لام lām[2] / lam[4]   U+0644 30 30
م /m/ (example needed) میم مِيم mīm[2] / meem[4]   U+0645 31 31
ن /n/ /ɲ/
/ɳ/ /ŋ/ 		(example needed) نون نُون nūn[2] / noon[4]   U+0646 32 32
ں / ◌̃ / (example needed) نون غنہ نُونِ غُنّہ nūn-e ğunnah[2] / noon ghunna[3] / nūn g͟hunnah U+06BA 33
◌٘    ٘   ــ٘ـ U+0658
و /ʋ/ /ʊ/ /uː/ /oː/ /ɔː/
[V/W] 		(example needed) واؤ واؤ vāō[2] /  wāō[2] / waw[4] / wā'o U+0648 34 33
ہ /ɦ/ /ɑː/ /e:/ (example needed) گول ہے گول ہے gōl hē[2] / heh goal[3] / gol hē U+06C1 35 34
ه چهوٹی هے چهوٹی هے čhōṭī hē [2] U+0647
[2] 		Arabic
[footnote]
ھ /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ (example needed) دو چشمی ہے دوچَشْمی ہے dō-čašmī hē[2] /
heh doachashmee[3]
/ do-cashmī hē 		U+06BE 36
ی /j/ /iː/ /ɑː/ (example needed) چھوٹی يے چھوٹی يے čhōṭī yē[2] / choṭī yē   U+06CC 38 35
ے /ɛː/ /eː/ (example needed) بڑی يے بَڑی يے baṛī yē[2] / yeh barree[3] U+06D2 39
ء ء /ʔ/ /∅/ (footnote) (example needed) ہمزہ ہَمْزه hamzah[2] / hamza[4] U+0621 37 0 or 35
ئ ئ U+0626


^Nastaliq: See Inglis Wikipedia: "Nastaliq".

^V/W:

^Hamza:

^Ayn:

^Arabic Ha:


Letter Names and Phonemes 2020-05-15 15:55
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See below for written vowels


Isolated
Letter
[N] 		Phoneme Urdu Letter Name [1][2] Unicode
[3][4] 		Nummer in
Urdu alphabet
IPA Scots Letter closest Phoneme in Scots closest Phoneme in Inglis Nastaliq
[footnote 1] 		diacritics
[2] 		Romanizations [2][5] [2]
ا /ɑː/ /ā/
/ʔ/ /–/
[citation needit] 		(example needed) الف الِف alif[2] / alef[4] .U+0627 1 1
ب /b/ (example needed) B in "bat" بے بے bē[2] / beh[4] .U+0628 2 2
پ /p/ (example needed) پے پے pē[2] / peh[3] .U+067E 3 3
ت /t̪/ (example needed) تے تے tē[2] / teh[4] .U+062A 4 4
ٹ /ʈ/ (example needed) ٹے ٹے ṭē[2] / tteh[3] .U+0679 5 5
ث /s/ (example needed) ثے ثے sē[2] / s̱ē .. 6 6
ج /d͡ʒ/ (example needed) جيم جِيم jīm[2] / jeem[4] .U+062C 7 7
چ /t͡ʃ/ (example needed) چے چے čē[2] / cē[2] / tcheh[3] .U+0686 8 8
ح /ɦ/ (example needed) بڑی حے بَڑی حے baṛī ħē[2] / baṛī ḥē   .. 9 9
خ /x/ "guttural" Kh [6] ch in "loch" [6] خے خے xē[2] / khē[2] / khah[4] / k͟hē   .. 10 10
د /d/ (example needed) دال دال dāl[2] / dal[4]   .. 11 11
ڈ /ɖ/ (example needed) ڈال ڈال ḍāl[2] / ddal[3] .. 12 12
ذ /z/ (example needed) ذال ذال zāl[2] / ẕāl .. 13 13
ر /r/ (example needed) رے رے rē[2] / reh[4]   .. 14 14
ڑ /ɽ/ (example needed) ڑے ڑے ṛē[2] / rreh[3]   .. 15 15
ز /z/ (example needed) زے زے zē[2] / zey   .. 16 16
ژ /ʒ/ (example needed) ژے ژے žē[2] / zhē[2]   .. 17 17
س /s/ (example needed) سین سِين sīn[2] / seen[4]   .. 18 18
ش /ʃ/ (example needed) شین شِين šīn[2] / shīn[2] / sheen[4]   .. 19 19
ص /s/ (example needed) صاد صْواد  swād[2] / sad[4] / ṣwād   .. 20 20
ض /z/ (example needed) ضاد ضْواد żwād[2] / ẓwād   .. 21 21
ط /t/ (example needed) طوے طوئے tō’ē[2] / tah[4] / tōē / t̤o'ē / toy .. 22 22
ظ /z/ (example needed) ظوے ظوئے zō’ē[2] / zōē / z̤o'ē   .. 23 23
ع /ɑː/ /oː/ /eː/
/ʔ/ /ʕ/ /∅/ 		(example needed) عین عَيْن ‘ain[2] / ain[4] ayn   U+0639 .. 24 24
غ /ɣ/ (example needed) غین غَيْن ğain[2] / ghain[4] / g͟hain U+063A .. 25 25
ف /f/ (example needed) فے فے fē[2] / feh[4] U+0641 .. 26 26
ق /q/ (example needed) قاف قاف qāf[2] / qaf[4] U+0642 .. 27 27
ک /k/ (example needed) کاف کاف kāf[2] / kāf   U+06A9 .. 28 28
گ /ɡ/ (example needed) گاف گاف gāf[2] / gaf[3]   U+06AF .. 29 29
ل /l/ (example needed) لام لام lām[2] / lam[4]   U+0644 .. 30 30
م /m/ (example needed) میم مِيم mīm[2] / meem[4]   U+0645 .. 31 31
ن /n/ /ɲ/
/ɳ/ /ŋ/ 		(example needed) نون نُون nūn[2] / noon[4]   U+0646 .. 32 32
ں / ◌̃ / (example needed) نون غنہ نُونِ غُنّہ nūn-e ğunnah[2] / noon ghunna[3] / nūn g͟hunnah U+06BA .. 33
◌٘    ٘   ــ٘ـ U+0658 ..
و /ʋ/ /ʊ/ /uː/ /oː/ /ɔː/
[V/W] 		(example needed) واؤ واؤ vāō[2] /  wāō[2] / waw[4] / wā'o U+0648 .. 34 33
ہ /ɦ/ /ɑː/ /e:/ (example needed) گول ہے گول ہے gōl hē[2] / heh goal[3] / gol hē U+06C1 .. 35 34
ه چهوٹی هے چهوٹی هے čhōṭī hē [2] U+0647 .. [2] Arabic
[footnote]
ھ /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ (example needed) دو چشمی ہے دوچَشْمی ہے dō-čašmī hē[2] / heh doachashmee[3] / do-cashmī hē U+06BE .. 36
ی /j/ /iː/ /ɑː/ (example needed) چھوٹی يے چھوٹی يے čhōṭī yē[2] / choṭī yē   U+06CC .. 38 35
ے /ɛː/ /eː/ (example needed) بڑی يے بَڑی يے baṛī yē[2] / yeh barree[3] U+06D2 .. 39
ء ء /ʔ/ /∅/ (footnote) (example needed) ہمزہ ہَمْزه hamzah[2] / hamza[4] U+0621 .. 37 0 or 35
ئ ئ U+0626 ..

See Inglis Wikipedia: "Nastaliq".

^V/W:

^Hamza:

Similar but different letters in Urdu and Arabic script
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Similar but different letters in Urdu and Arabic script
Characters
Urdu 		Characters
Arabic
ہ‬ (U+06C1)
ھ‬ (U+06BE) 		ه (U+0647)
ی‬ (U+06CC) ى‬ (U+0649)
ي (U+064A)
ک‬ (U+06A9) ك (U+0643)

old version

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core alphabet
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See below for written vowels

Isolated
Letter
Form
[N] 		Sound Name [1][2] Unicode
[3][4] 		number in
alphabet
ALA‑LC [7] Hunterian [8] IPA Scots closest sound in Scots closest sound in Inglis Nastaliq
[footnote 1] 		diacritics
[2] 		Romanizations [2][5] [2]
ا /ɑː/ /ā/
/ʔ/ /–/
[citation needit] 		(example needed) الف الِف alif[2] / alef[4] .U+0627 1 1
ب b /b/ (example needed) B in "bat" بے بے bē[2] / beh[4] .U+0628 2 2
پ p? /p/ (example needed) پے پے pē[2] / peh[3] .U+067E 3 3
ت t /t̪/ (example needed) تے تے tē[2] / teh[4] .U+062A 4 4
ٹ ṭ t /ʈ/ (example needed) ٹے ٹے ṭē[2] / tteh[3] .U+0679 5 5
ث s̱ s /s/ (example needed) ثے ثے sē[2] / s̱ē .. 6 6
ج j /d͡ʒ/ (example needed) جيم جِيم jīm[2] / jeem[4] .U+062C 7 7
چ c ch /t͡ʃ/ (example needed) چے چے čē[2] / cē[2] / tcheh[3] .U+0686 8 8
ح ḥ h /ɦ/ (example needed) بڑی حے بَڑی حے baṛī ħē[2] / baṛī ḥē   .. 9 9
خ k͟h kh /x/ (example needed) خے خے xē[2] / khē[2] / khah[4] / k͟hē   .. 10 10
د d /d/ (example needed) دال دال dāl[2] / dal[4]   .. 11 11
ڈ ḍ d /ɖ/ (example needed) ڈال ڈال ḍāl[2] / ddal[3] .. 12 12
ذ ẕ z /z/ (example needed) ذال ذال zāl[2] / ẕāl .. 13 13
ر r /r/ (example needed) رے رے rē[2] / reh[4]   .. 14 14
ڑ ṛ r /ɽ/ (example needed) ڑے ڑے ṛē[2] / rreh[3]   .. 15 15
ز z /z/ (example needed) زے زے zē[2] / zey   .. 16 16
ژ zh zh /ʒ/ (example needed) ژے ژے žē[2] / zhē[2]   .. 17 17
س s /s/ (example needed) سین سِين sīn[2] / seen[4]   .. 18 18
ش sh sh /ʃ/ (example needed) شین شِين šīn[2] / shīn[2] / sheen[4]   .. 19 19
ص ṣ s /s/ (example needed) صاد صْواد  swād[2] / sad[4] / ṣwād   .. 20 20
ض ẓ z /z/ (example needed) ضاد ضْواد żwād[2] / ẓwād   .. 21 21
ط t̤ t /t/ (example needed) طوے طوئے tō’ē[2] / tah[4] / tōē / t̤o'ē / toy .. 22 22
ظ z̤
[footnote] 		z /z/ (example needed) ظوے ظوئے zō’ē[2] / zōē / z̤o'ē   .. 23 23
ع ʻ / ‘ / ` / ' / ’ / ʼ
[footnote 3] 		/ɑː/ /oː/ /eː/
/ʔ/ /ʕ/ /∅/ 		(example needed) عین عَيْن ‘ain[2] / ain[4] ayn   U+0639 .. 24 24
غ g͟h gh /ɣ/ (example needed) غین غَيْن ğain[2] / ghain[4] / g͟hain U+063A .. 25 25
ف f /f/ (example needed) فے فے fē[2] / feh[4] U+0641 .. 26 26
ق q /q/ (example needed) قاف قاف qāf[2] / qaf[4] U+0642 .. 27 27
ک k /k/ (example needed) کاف کاف kāf[2] / kāf   U+06A9 .. 28 28
گ g /ɡ/ (example needed) گاف گاف gāf[2] / gaf[3]   U+06AF .. 29 29
ل l /l/ (example needed) لام لام lām[2] / lam[4]   U+0644 .. 30 30
م m /m/ (example needed) میم مِيم mīm[2] / meem[4]   U+0645 .. 31 31
ن n /n/ /ɲ/
/ɳ/ /ŋ/ 		(example needed) نون نُون nūn[2] / noon[4]   U+0646 .. 32 32
ں ṉ n / ◌̃ / (example needed) نون غنہ نُونِ غُنّہ nūn-e ğunnah[2] / noon ghunna[3] / nūn g͟hunnah U+06BA .. 33
◌٘    ٘   ــ٘ـ U+0658 ..
و v or
ū/u/o/au
[V/W] 		w or
ū/u/o/au
[V/W] 		/ʋ/ /ʊ/ /uː/ /oː/ /ɔː/ [V/W] (example needed) واؤ واؤ vāō[2] /  wāō[2] / waw[4] / wā'o U+0648 .. 34 33
ہ h / ā / e /ɦ/ /ɑː/ /e:/ (example needed) گول ہے گول ہے gōl hē[2] / heh goal[3] / gol hē U+06C1 .. 35 34
ه چهوٹی هے چهوٹی هے čhōṭī hē [2] U+0647 .. [2] Arabic
[footnote]
ھ h /ʰ/ or /ʱ/ (example needed) دو چشمی ہے دوچَشْمی ہے dō-čašmī hē[2] / heh doachashmee[3] / do-cashmī hē U+06BE .. 36
ی y / ī / á /j/ /iː/ /ɑː/ (example needed) چھوٹی يے چھوٹی يے čhōṭī yē[2] / choṭī yē   U+06CC .. 38 35
ے ai / e /ɛː/ /eː/ (example needed) بڑی يے بَڑی يے baṛī yē[2] / yeh barree[3] U+06D2 .. 39
ء ء ʼ / – / yi
/ʔ/ /∅/ [footnote 2] ہمزہ ہَمْزه hamzah[2] / hamza[4] U+0621 .. 37 0 or 35
ئ ئ U+0626 ..

See Inglis Wikipedia: "Nastaliq".


Similar but different letters in Urdu and Arabic script
Characters
Urdu 		Characters
Arabic
ہ‬ (U+06C1)
ھ‬ (U+06BE) 		ه (U+0647)
ی‬ (U+06CC) ى‬ (U+0649)
ي (U+064A)
ک‬ (U+06A9) ك (U+0643)
  1. ↑ a b c Delacy 2003, p. XV–XVI.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named user.uni-hannover
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag "Extended Arabic Letter". unicode.org. Retrieved 7 May 1920. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk "Based on ISO 8859-6". unicode.org. Retrieved 7 May 1920. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  5. ↑ a b c Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named kindle project fluency
  6. ↑ a b c d Kashani, Aabid (2019). Urdu: The Ultimate Beginners Learning Guide: Master The Fundamentals Of The Urdu Language (Kindle ed.). Dirk Alan Llorens?.
  7. ↑ "Urdu romanization" (PDF). The Library of Congress.
  8. ↑ Geographical Names Romanization in Pakistan. UNGEGN, 18th Session. Geneva, 12–23 August 1996. Working Papers No. 85 and No. 85 Add. 1.
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