Caffeine

Caffeine
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
Pregnancy; category	AU: A ; US: C (Risk nae ruled oot) ; ;
Dependence; liability	Low–moderate; No addiction liability
Routes o; admeenistration	oral, insufflation, enema, rectal, intravenous
ATC code	N06BC01 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: Unscheduled ; UK: General sales leet (GSL, OTC) ; US: OTC ;
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	99%
Protein bindin	25–36%
Metabolism	Primarily CYP1A2;; Other enzymes: CYP2E1, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4
Biological hauf-life	Adults: 3–7 hours; Neonates: 65–130 hours
Excretion	urine (100%)
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 1,3,7-Trimethylpurine-2,6-dione;
Synonyms	Methyltheobromine
CAS Nummer	58-08-2 ;
PubChem CID	2519;
IUPHAR/BPS	407;
DrugBank	DB00201 ;
ChemSpider	2424 ;
UNII	3G6A5W338E;
KEGG	D00528 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:27732 ;
ChEMBL	CHEMBL113 ;
PDB ligand	CFF (PDBe, RCSB PDB);
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.329
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C8H10N4O2
Molar mass	194.19 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive eemage;
Density	1.23 g/cm3
Meltin pynt	235 tae 238 °C (455 tae 460 °F) (anhydrous)
Bylin pynt	178 °C (352 °F) (sublimes)
	SMILES Canonical; CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3; Key:RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

Caffeine (/kæˈfiːn, ˈkæfiːn, ˈkæfiːɪn/) is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid an a stimulant drug.

References

↑ ^a ^b Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (ed.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 375. ISBN 9780071481274. Long-term caffeine use can lead to mild physical dependence. A withdrawal syndrome characterized by drowsiness, irritability, and headache typically lasts no longer than a day. True compulsive use of caffeine has not been documented.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Caffeine". DrugBank. University of Alberta. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2014. |section= ignored (help)