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Caffeine

Frae Wikipedia, the free beuk o knawledge
Caffeine
Caffeine molecule
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.commonograph
Pregnancy
category
  • AU: A
  • US: C (Risk nae ruled oot)
Dependence
liability
Low–moderate[1]
No addiction liability[1]
Routes o
admeenistration
oral, insufflation, enema, rectal, intravenous
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability99%
Protein bindin25–36%[2]
MetabolismPrimarily CYP1A2;[2]
Other enzymes: CYP2E1, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4[2]
Biological hauf-lifeAdults: 3–7 hours[2]
Neonates: 65–130 hours[2]
Excretionurine (100%)
Identifiers
SynonymsMethyltheobromine
CAS Nummer
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
PDB ligand
ECHA InfoCard100.000.329
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC8H10N4O2
Molar mass194.19 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)
Density1.23 g/cm3
Meltin pynt235 tae 238 °C (455 tae 460 °F) (anhydrous)
Bylin pynt178 °C (352 °F) (sublimes)

Caffeine (/kæˈfn, ˈkæfn, ˈkæfɪn/) is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid an a stimulant drug.

References

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  1. a b Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (ed.). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. p. 375. ISBN 9780071481274. Long-term caffeine use can lead to mild physical dependence. A withdrawal syndrome characterized by drowsiness, irritability, and headache typically lasts no longer than a day. True compulsive use of caffeine has not been documented.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors leet (link)
  2. a b c d e "Caffeine". DrugBank. University of Alberta. 16 September 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2014. |section= ignored (help)