Abdul Hamid II

Era name and dates
	Dissolution o the Ottoman Empire: 1792–1923

Abdul Hamid II
Abdul Hamid II
	Caliph o Islam; Amir al-Mu'minin; Sultan o the Ottoman Empire; Custodian o the Twa Holy Mosques
	Abdul Hamid II as a Şehzade (Prince) in Balmoral Castle, Scotland, 1867
Sultan o the Ottoman Empire
Reign	31 August 1876 – 27 Aprile 1909
Predecessor	Murad V
Successor	Mehmed V
Born	21 September 1842; Topkapı Palace, Constantinople
Dee'd	10 Februar 1918 (aged 75); Beylerbeyi Palace, Constantinople
Consort	Nazikedâ Kadınefendi; Safinaz Nurefzun Kadınefendi; Bedrifelek Kadınefendi; Biydâr Kadınefendi; Dilpesend Kadınefendi; Mezide Mestan Kadınefendi; Emsalinur Kadınefendi; Müşfikâ Kadınefendi; Sazkâr Hanımefendi; Peyveste Hanımefendi; Fatma Pesend Hanımefendi; Behice Hanımefendi; Saliha Naciye Kadınefendi
Era name and dates
	Dissolution o the Ottoman Empire: 1792–1923
Ryal hoose	Hoose o Osman
Faither	Abdülmecid I
Mither	• Tirimüjgan Sultan ; (Biological mither, but died afore becomin Valide Sultan); • Rahime Perestu Sultan ; (Served as adoptive Valide Sultan)
Releegion	Sunni Islam
Tughra

Abdul Hamid II (Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی‎, `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî; Turkis: İkinci Abdülhamit; 21 September 1842 – 10 Februar 1918) wis the 34t Sultan o the Ottoman Empire an the last Sultan tae exert effective autocratic control ower the fracturin state.^[3]

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

↑ Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abdulhamid II". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.
↑ Some sources state that his birth date was on 22 September.
↑ Overy, Richard pp. 252, 253 (2010)

Bibliografie[eedit | eedit soorce]

This airticle incorporates text frae a publication nou in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Abd-ul-Hamid II" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. Cite has empty unkent parameters: |HIDE_PARAMETER15=, |HIDE_PARAMETER13=, |HIDE_PARAMETER14c=, |HIDE_PARAMETER14=, |HIDE_PARAMETER9=, |HIDE_PARAMETER3=, |HIDE_PARAMETER1=, |HIDE_PARAMETER4=, |HIDE_PARAMETER2=, |HIDE_PARAMETER8=, |HIDE_PARAMETER20=, |HIDE_PARAMETER5=, |HIDE_PARAMETER7=, |HIDE_PARAMETER10=, |separator=, |HIDE_PARAMETER14b=, |HIDE_PARAMETER6=, |HIDE_PARAMETER11=, and |HIDE_PARAMETER12= (help)CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Adbul Hamid II Biography
All Documents about Abdul Hamid in English from a Turkish Web Site Archived 2020-06-23 at the Wayback Machine
Overy, Richard. The Times Complete History of the World, HarperCollins Publishers ISBN 9780007315697 (2010)

[EB-1] Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abdulhamid II". Encyclopedia Britannica. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.

[2] Some sources state that his birth date was on 22 September.

[3] Overy, Richard pp. 252, 253 (2010)

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