Greater Tokyo Aurie

Greater Tokyo Aurie
Frae top: Skyscrapers in Shinjuku, an Surroondin o Ginza
Coordinates: 35°41′23″N 139°41′30″E
Kintra	Japan
Major Ceeties	Tokyo Metropolis (Includit 23 special wairds) Yokohama Kawasaki Sagamihara Saitama Chiba
Aurie
- Urban	3,925 km2 (1,515.5 sq mi)
- Metro	13,754 km2 (5,310.4 sq mi)
Indwallers (Population Census o Japan 2000)
- Urban	32,542,946
- Urban  densitie	8,817/km2 (21,480/sq mi)
- Metro	34,607,069
- Metro  densitie	2,516/km2 (6,516/sq mi)
GDP	2008 estimate
Nominal	$1.941 trillion (¥165.01 trillion, The One Metropolis and Three Prefectures)
PPP	$1.479 trillion (1st)

The Greater Tokyo Aurie is a lairge metropolitan aurie in Kantō region, Japan, consistin o maist o the prefecturs o Chiba, Kanagawa, Saitama, an Tokyo (at the center). In Japanese, it is referred tae bi various terms, includin the Tokyo Aurie (東京圏, Tōkyō-ken), Naitional Caipital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken), Ane Metropolis, Three Prefecturs (一都三県, Itto Sanken), an ithers.

A 2007 UN estimate puts the population at 35,676,000, makin it the warld's maist populous metropolitan aurie bi far. It covers an aurie o approximately 13,500 km² (5,200 mi²), givin it a population density o 2,642 person/km² - which is somewha mair than twice the population density o Bangladesh. It is the seicont lairgest single metropolitan aurie in the warld in terms o built-up or urban function landmass at 7,800 km² (3,000 mi²). Anerlie the New York metropolitan aurie, at 17,405 km², is lairger.

This aurie haes the lairgest metropolitan economy in the warld. Ane Metropolis, Three Prefectures, ane o the definitions o the Greater Tokyo Aurie, haed a total GDP (nominal) o approximately US$1.9 trillion (165 trillion Yen) in 2008. Accordin tae research published bi PricewaterhouseCoopers, the agglomeration o Tokyo haed a total GDP o US$1.479 trillion in 2008 (at purchasin pouer parity), rankin again as the lairgest urban agglomeration GDP in the warld.

Definition

There are various different definitions o the Greater Tokyo Aurie. Each area has a different population figure and tries to incorporate different aspects.

Various definitions o Tokyo/Kantō

Metropolitan aurie name	Details	Population	Aurie (km2)	Population Density (People/km2)	Agency	Pop Date	Map
Umwhile aurie o Tokyo Ceety Limit	23 special wards	8,949,447	621.9	14,390	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census
Tokyo Metropolis	excludin Izu/Ogasawara Islands	13,047,446	1808	7,216.5	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census
Tokyo Metropolitan Employment Aurie Tōkyō Dai-toshi Koyō-ken (東京大都市雇用圏)	aw municipalities that hae at least 10% o their population commutin tae 23 special wards Figures for this definition are complex to update without a major re-study.	31.7 million	-	-	Center for Spatial Information Service, the University o Tokyo	2000
Ane Metropolis, Three Prefectures (一都三県, Itto Sanken)	Maist Commonly Uised Definition Misses mony mair distant suburbs that lay ootside the prefectural borders, especially in Ibaraki and Gunma Incorporates spairsely settled rural destricts like Nishitama an even islands like Minamitorishima, 1850 km away frae central Tokyo	35,623,327	13,555.65	2,627.9	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census
Kantō Major Metropolitan Aurie (関東大都市圏, Kantō Dai-toshi-ken)	Ane o the twa definitions the Japan Statistics Bureau uises Consists o aw municipalities that hae at least 1.5% o their population a ged 15 an abuin commutin tae a designatit ceety (Yokohama, Kawasaki, Sagamihara, Chiba, an Saitama) or the 23 special wards Afore Saitama became a designatit ceety in 2001, the aurie wis cried Keihin'yō Major Metropolitan Aurie (京浜葉大都市圏, Keihin'yō Dai-toshi-ken) Maist locally detailed definition, but haurd tae update athoot major re-study Excludes adjacent metropolitan auries o Gunma, Ibaraki, an Utsunomiya (ja:宇都宮都市圏) which are urbanized but hae some sma touns in atween them an Tokyo.	34.6 million			Japan Statistics Bureau	2000
Tokyo Major Metropolitan Aurie (東京大都市圏, Tōkyō Dai-toshi-ken)	Set o municipalities that are completely or maistly athin 50 an 70 kilometres of the Tokyo Metropolitan Govrenment Biggins in Shinjuku Suburbs tend tae extend in a finger like ootward alang major commuter train routes an density builds alang express stops, no in a uniform fashion, so these definitions arena the maist accurate definition	30,724,000(50 km) an 34,394,000 (70 km) respectively	-	-	Japan Statistics Bureau	2000
Kantō region	Broad regional definition includes many rural areas	42,607,376	32,423.9	1,314.1	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census
Naitional Caipital Region	Accordin tae the Naitional Caipital Region Plannin Act Includes mony rural auries Essentially Kantō plus Yamanashi	43,470,148	36,889.28	1,178.4	Japan Statistics Bureau	2010 Census

Internaitional Comparison

Ane Metropolis 3 Prefectures definition, the total size is smawer than Los Angeles Coonty, an amaist a third smawer at 13,555.65  km² than the Combined Statistical Aurie o New York, at 30,671 km². an 21.9 million fowk.

Metropolitan Aurie definition ambiguities an issues

• The Sooth Kantō region (南関東, Minami Kantō) is a potentially ambiguous term. Informally, it mey mean the Ane Metropolis, Three Prefectures, or the aurie athoot Saitama Prefecture. Formally, it mey mean the Sooth Kantō Block, which is no the Greater Tokyo Aurie, but a proportional representation block o the naitional election, comprisin Kanagawa, Chiba, an Yamanashi Prefectures.

• In informal occasions, the term Naitional Caipital Region (首都圏, Shuto-ken) aften means Greater Tokyo Aurie. Offeecially, the term refers tae a hintle lairger aurie, namely the whole Kantō region an Yamanashi Prefecture.

• It should be notit that Tokyo as a metropolis includes some 394 km2
  o islands (Izu Islands an Ogasawara Islands), as well as some muntainous auries tae the far wast, which are no pairt o Greater Tokyo, but hae comparatively vera sma population.

Ceeties

(populations leetit for those ower 300,000)

Ceeties athin Tokyo

Tokyo is legally classifee'd as a to (都), a wird which translates as "metropolis," an is treatit as ane o the fowerty-seiven prefectures o Japan. It is no admeenistered as a single ceety.

Special wards o Tokyo

Eastern Tokyo Metropolis

Central Tokyo, situatit in the eastren portion o Tokyo Metropolis, wis ance incorporatit as Tokyo Ceety, which wis dismantled durin Warld War II. Its subdiveesions hae been reclassifee'd as special wards (特別区, tokubetsu-ku). The twinty three special wards currently hae the legal status o ceeties, wi individual mayors an ceety cooncils, an caw thairselves "ceeties" in Scots. Housomeivver, when leetin Japan's lairgest ceeties, Tokyo's twinty three wards are aften coontit as ane ceety. See: Special wards o Tokyo

Wastren Tokyo Metropolis

Hachiōji

Wastren Tokyo, kent as the Tama Aurie (Tama-chiiki 多摩地域) comprises a number o municipalities, includin these suburban ceeties:

Akiruno Akishima Chōfu Fuchū Fussa Hachiōji (pop 540,000) Hamura Higashikurume Higashimurayama

Higashiyamato Hino Inagi Kiyose Kodaira Koganei Kokubunji Komae Kunitachi

Machida (pop ower 410,000) Mitaka Musashimurayama Musashino Nishitōkyō Ōme Tachikawa Tama

Ceeties ootside Tokyo

Chiba

Kawasaki

Saitama

Yokohama

The core cities of the Greater Tokyo Area outside Tokyo Metropolis are:

• Chiba (population 940,000)
• Kawasaki (population 1.36 million)
• Saitama (population 1.19 million)
• Yokohama (population 3.62 million)

The ither ceeties in Chiba, Kanagawa and Saitama Prefectures are:

Abiko Ageo Asahi Asaka Atsugi Ayase Chichibu Chigasaki Chōshi Ebina Fujimi Fujimino Fujisawa (pop 400,000) Fukaya Funabashi (pop 580,000) Futtsu Gyōda Hadano Hannō Hanyū Hasuda Hatogaya Hidaka Higashimatsuyama Hiratsuka Honjō Ichihara Ichikawa (pop. 470,000) Inzai Iruma

Isehara Kamagaya Kamakura Kamogawa Kashiwa (pop 380,000) Kasukabe Katsuura Kawagoe (pop 330,000) Kawaguchi (pop 500,000) Kazo Kimitsu Kisarazu Kitamoto Koshigaya (population 318,000) Kōnosu Kuki Kumagaya Matsudo (pop 480,000) Minamiashigara Misato Miura Mobara Nagareyama Narashino Narita Niiza Noda Odawara Okegawa

Sagamihara (pop 710,000) Sakado Sakura Satte Sawara Sayama Shiki Shiroi Sodegaura Sōka Tateyama Toda Tōgane Tokorozawa (pop 338,000) Tomisato Tsurugashima Urayasu Wakō Warabi Yachimata Yachiyo Yamato Yashio Yōkaichiba Yokosuka (pop 420,000) Yoshikawa Yotsukaidō Zama Zushi

source: stat.go.jp census 2005

Additional ceeties

In the major metropolitan aurie (MMA) definition uised bi the Japanese Statistics Bureau, the follaein ceeties in Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Yamanashi, an Shizuoka Prefectures are includit:

Gunma Prefecture

• Tatebayashi

Ibaraki Prefecture

Inashiki Ishioka Jōsō Kasumigaura

Koga Moriya Ryūgasaki Toride

Tsuchiura Tsukuba Ushiku

Shizuoka Prefecture

• Atami

Tochigi Prefecture

• Oyama

Yamanashi Prefecture

• Ōtsuki
• Uenohara

Border areas

Tighter definitions for Greater Tokyo do not include adjacent metropolitan areas of Numazu-Mishima (approx. 450,000) to the southwest, Maebashi-Takasaki-Ōta-Ashikaga (approx. 1,500,000 people) on the northwest, and Greater Utsunomiya (ja:宇都宮都市圏) approx. 1,000,000) to the north. If they are included, Greater Tokyo's population would be around 39 million.

Tokyo skyline frae the northwast. The skyscrapers o Shinjuku lie 23 kilometers away on the ither side o ferms, pairks, an suburbia. The trees in the foregrund are the border o Tokyo an Saitama.

Geography

Shinjuku

At the centre o the main urban aurie (approximately the first 10 km frae Tokyo Station) are the 23 special wards, umwhile treatit as a single ceety but nou govrened as separate municipalities, an containin mony major commercial centres such as Shinjuku, Shibuya, Ikebukuro an Ginza. Aroond the 23 special wards are a multitude o suburban ceeties which merge seamlessly intae each ither tae form a continuous built up aurie, circumnavigatit bi the hivily-travelled Route 16 which forms a (broken) luip aboot 40 km frae central Tokyo. Situatit alang the luip are the major ceeties o Yokohama (tae the sooth o Tokyo), Hachiōji (tae the wast), Ōmiya (nou pairt o Saitama Ceety, tae the north), an Chiba (tae the east). Athin the Route 16 luip, the coastline o Tokyo Bay is hivily industrialised, wi the Keihin Industrial Aurie stretchin frae Tokyo doun tae Yokohama, an the Keiyō Industrial Aurie frae Tokyo eastwards tae Chiba. Alang the periphery o the main urban aurie are numerous new suburban hoosin developments such as the Tama New Town. The landscape is relatively flat compared tae maist o Japan, maist o it comprisin law hills.

Ootside the Route 16 luip the landscape becomes mair rural. Tae the soothwast is an aurie kent as Shōnan comprisin various ceeties an touns alang the coast o Sagami Bay, wi their lang beaches comprisin black volcanic sand, an tae the wast the aurie is muntainous.

Mony rivers run through the aurie, the major anes being Arakawa an Tama River.

Economy

Tokyo haes the lairgest ceety economy in the warld an ane o three command centers alang wi New York Ceety an Lunnon.

Greater Tokyo Aurie 2005

Tokyo Metropolitan Government Building

• 2005 average exchynge rate (1 US Dollar = 110.22 Yen)

Prefecture	Gross Prefecture Product (in billion Yen)	Gross Prefecture Product (in billion US$)
Tokyo	92,269	837
Kanagawa	31,184	282
Saitama	20,650	187
Chiba	19,917	180
Ibaraki	10,955	99
Tochigi	8,195	74
Gunma	7,550	68
Yamanashi	3,206	29
The Ane Metropolis an Three Prefectures	164,020	1,488
Naitional Caipital Region	193,926	1,759

Source

GDP (purchasin pouer parity) 2005

Tokyo Touer

The agglomeration o Tokyo is the warld's lairgest economy, wi the lairgest gross metropolitan product at purchasin pouer parity (PPP) in the warld in 2005 accordin tae a study bi PricewaterhouseCoopers.

Rank	Urban agglomerations	Kintra	GDP(PPP) (in billion US$)
1	Tokyo	Japan	1,191
2	New York Ceety	United States	1,133
3	Los Angeles	United States	639
4	Chicago	United States	460
5	Paris	France	460
6	Lunnon	United Kingdom	452
7	Osaka	Japan	341
8	Mexico Ceety	Mexico	315
9	Philadelphia	United States	312
10	Washington, D.C.	United States	299

Transportation

Narita International Airport

Yamanote Line, 3.61 million passengers ride per day

Shuto Expressway on Rainbow Bridge

Main airticle: Transportation in Greater Tokyo

Air

The Greater Tokyo Aurie haes twa major airports, Tokyo International Airport, commonly kent as Haneda Airport (chiefly domestic) an Narita International Airport (chiefly internaitional). Minor facilities include the Chōfu an Honda Airport. Tokyo Heliport serves helicopter traffic, includin polis, fire, an news. Various military facilities handle air traffic: Naval Air Facility Atsugi (Unitit States Navy an Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force), Hyakuri Airfield (Japan Air Sel-Defense Force), Yokota Air Base (Unitit States Air Force), an Camp Zama (Unitit States Airmy). Hyakuri is being developed for ceevil aviation wi plans for service that begin in Mairch 2010; it is cried Ibaraki Airport.

Rail

Greater Tokyo haes an extensive railway netwirk comprisin high-speed rail, commuter rails, subways, monorails, private lines, trams an ithers. There are aroond 136 individual rail lines in the Greater Tokyo Aurie, an atween 1,000 tae 1,200 railway stations dependin on ane's definition o the aurie, maist designed for hivy uise, uisually lang enough tae accommodate 10-caur trains. Major stations are designed tae accommodate hunders o thoosans o passengers at ony given time, wi miles o connectin tunnels linkin vast department stores an corporate offices. Tokyo Station haes unnerground connections that stretch well ower 4 kilometers, an Shinjuku Station haes well ower 200 exits. Greater Tokyo's Railway Network is easily considered the warld's lairgest in terms o baith daily passenger throughput wi a daily trips o ower 40 million (20 million different passengers) as well as physical extent wi approximately 2,578 kilometers o track. Some 57 percent o aw Greater Tokyo residents uised rail as their primary means o transport in 2001.

JR East an mony ither carriers crisscross the region wi a network o rail lines. (See this map showin the Suica/PASMO acceptin aurie that roughly corresponds wi Greater Tokyo). The maist important carriers include Keihin Kyūkō Electric Railway (Keikyū), Keisei Electric Railway, Keiō Electric Railway, Odakyū Electric Railway, Seibu Railway, Tōbu Railway, an Tōkyū Corporation. In addition tae Tokyo's twa subway seestems — Tokyo Metro an Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportation (Toei an Toden lines), Yokohama operates three lines. The Tokyo Monorail provides service tae Haneda Airport an ither destinations.

Ither

The Shuto Expressway seestem connects ither naitional expressways in the caipital region.

Tokyo an Yokohama are major commercial seaports, an baith the Maritime Self-Defense Force an Unitit States Navy maintain naval bases at Yokosuka.

See an aa

• Leet o metropolitan auries in Asie bi population‎
• Leet o metropolitan auries in Japan bi population
• Naitional Caipital Region (Japan) briefly shows the twa definitions o the "Caipital Aurie" (Shuto-ken.)

Freemit airtins

• Urban Employment Auries in Japan (2000)