Timeline o Erse inventions an diskiveries

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Erse inventions and discoveries are objects, processes or techniques thit awe thair existence aither pairtly or halely tae an Erse body. Aftentimes, things thit are diiskivert for the first time, are cawed "inventions" an aw, an in mony cases, thare isnae clear line atweesh thaim. Thare is a list o sic inventions ablow.

Pre-history[eedit | eedit soorce]

  • Ogham alphabet.[1]
  • Iomániocht (Scuaib/Camán/Ioman) - precursors tae modren Hurling[2]

6t yearhunner[eedit | eedit soorce]

The sacrament o confession Penitential

14t yearhunner[eedit | eedit soorce]

17t yearhunner[eedit | eedit soorce]

  • Erse road bowlin.[4]
  • 1661: Modren chemistrie foondit bi Robert Boyle wi the publication o The Sceptical Chymist.[5]
  • 1662: Boyle's law diskivert bi Robert Boyle.[6]
  • 1680s: European adaptation o Drinkin chocolate - Hans Sloane.[7] Hounaiver, this "adaption" is awfu disputit. Bi the wey o historian Jame Delbougo, the Jamaicans ware brewin “a hot beverage brewed frae shavins o cacao thit wis harvestit fresh, bylet wi milk an cinnamon” as faur back as 1494.[8]

18t yearhunner[eedit | eedit soorce]

  • 1730: The concept o an entrepreneur - Richard Cantillon.[9]

19t yearhunner[eedit | eedit soorce]

  • 1805: Beaufort scale creautit bi Francis Beaufort.[10]
  • 1809: Milk of Magnesia diskivert bi James Murray.[11]
  • 1813: Clanny sauftie lamp creautit bi William Reid Clanny.
  • 1820: 30t Januar, Edward Bransfield diskivert the Antarctic Continent (mainland, islands war discovered earlier).[12]
  • 1820: Modern meat curin an the Bacon Rasher war inventit bi Henry Denny, a Waterford butcher, in 1820[13]
  • 1821: The development of "Extra Stout" beer by The Second Arthur Guinness and others.[14]
  • 1831: Column still design enhanced and patented by Aeneas Coffey.[15]
  • 1831: William Brooke O'Shaughnessy pioneered the cure for cholera through Intravenous therapy
  • 1832: The Kyanizing process for preserving wood, created by John Howard Kyan.[16]
  • 1834: The game of Croquet.[17]
  • 1836: Induction coil created by Nicholas Callan.[18]
  • 1843: Quaternion (a mathematical entity) first described by Sir William Rowan Hamilton.[19]
  • 1844: Hollow needle in syringe created by Francis Rynd.[20]
  • 1846: Seismology founded by Robert Mallet, who used dynamite explosions to measure the speed of elastic waves in surface rocks - pioneering and coining the word 'seismology'.[21]
  • 1848: Kelvin scale created by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin.[22]
  • 1851: Binaural stethoscope created by Arthur Leared.[23]
  • 1856: Icosian calculus discovered by Sir William Rowan Hamilton.[24]
  • 1859: Greenhouse Effect theory proven by John Tyndall.[25]
  • 1865: The first Transatlantic telegraph cable pioneered by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin on Valentia Island.[26]
  • 1866: The Standard drop method of hanging developed by Dr Samuel Haughton.[27]
  • 1874:
    • Electron introduced as a concept by George Johnstone Stoney.[28]
    • Brennan torpedo created by Louis Brennan.[29]
  • 1879: The rules of Hurling first standardised with the foundation of the Erse Hurling Union.[30]
  • 1880: Boycott triggered by Charles Boycott over a dispute with the Erse Land League.[31]
  • 1884: Steam Turbine: Compound Steam Turbine developed by Anglo-Erse engineer Charles Algernon Parsons.[32]
  • 1885: The Cream Cracker was invented by Joseph Haughton in his home in Dublin and first manufactured by William Jacob in his bakery in Dublin.[33]
  • 1888: Gregg Shorthand created by John Robert Gregg.[34]
  • 1894: Joly colour screen created by John Joly.[35]
  • 1894: cohesion-tension theory proposed by John Joly and Henry Horatio Dixon at Trinity College Dublin[36]
  • 1897: Modern submarine design created by John Philip Holland.[37]
  • Saccharimeter created by Rev John Jellet from Cashel, County Tipperary (1817–1888).

20t yearhunner[eedit | eedit soorce]

  • 1901: Reflector sight creautit bi Howard Grubb.[38]
  • 1914: Radiotherapy developit bi John Joly.[39]
  • 1928: Three point linkage, patentit bi Harry Ferguson.[40]
  • 1930: Nickel-zinc battery creautit bi James J. Drumm.[41]
  • 1931: Sudocrem wis developit bi Dublin pharmacist Thomas Smith.
  • 1930s: The first disintegratin o an atomic nucleus bi artificially accelerated protons (spleettin the atom) diskivert bi Ernest Walton et al.
  • 1946: Ejection seat - first live test o a weel-trystit, successfu modren ejection seat developit bi James Martin[42]
  • 1940s: Warld first duty free airport shop at Shannon Airport, creautit bi Brendan O'Regan
  • 1950: Joseph 'Spud' Murphy an his employee Seamus Burke producit the warld's first seasoned crisps: Cheese & Onion and Salt & Vinegar.[43] Companies warldwide war efter the richts tae Tayto's technique.[44]
  • 1954: Clofazimine first synthesized bi a medical resairch team heidit bi Cork man Vincent Barry at Trinity College, Dublin.
  • 1965: Portable defibrillator creautit bi Frank Pantridge.[45]
  • 1967: Pulsar diskivert bu Jocelyn Bell Burnell.[46]

References[eedit | eedit soorce]

  1. ↑ "The ancient Irish alphabet Ogham explained". IrishCentral.com (in Inglis). 11 Mey 2017. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  2. ↑ Association, Gaelic Athletic (15 December 2015). "GAA: Hurling History and Evolution". www.gaa.ie. Archived frae the original on 27 Mey 2022. Retrieved 15 Mey 2022.
  3. ↑ Foxall, Damian (2011). Ocean Fever: The Damian Foxall Story (in Inglis). The Collins Press. p. 41. ISBN 9781848899490.
  4. ↑ "Road Bowling". Culture Northern Ireland (in Inglis). 2 Februar 2006. Archived frae the original on 14 October 2021. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  5. ↑ Principe, Lawrence (5 Januar 2011). "In retrospect: The Sceptical Chymist". Nature (in Inglis). 469 (7328): 30–31. Bibcode:2011Natur.469...30P. doi:10.1038/469030a.
  6. ↑ "Boyle's law - chemistry". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  7. ↑ "More than just the chocolate man: The story of Hans Sloane". The Irish News (in Inglis). 10 September 2016. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  8. ↑ Magazine, Smithsonian; Eveleth, Rose (12 Februar 2014). "Chocolate Milk Was Invented in Jamaica". Smithsonian Magazine (in Inglis). Retrieved 9 October 2021.
  9. ↑ "How Entrepreneurship Theory Created Economics". Mises Institute (in Inglis). 21 August 2014. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  10. ↑ "Beaufort scale". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  11. ↑ "Stomach upset innovator honoured". BBC News. 25 Februar 2005. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  12. ↑ "Edward Bransfield - British explorer". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  13. ↑ "10 Irish inventions that changed the world".
  14. ↑ Yenne, Bill (2007). Guinness: The 250 Year Quest for the Perfect Pint (in Inglis). John Wiley & Sons. p. 205. ISBN 9780470120521.
  15. ↑ Carlton, Carla Harris (2017). Barrel Strength Bourbon: The Explosive Growth of America's Whiskey (in Inglis). Clerisy Press. p. 113. ISBN 9781578605767.
  16. ↑ Standards, United States National Bureau of (1927). Standards and Specifications in the Wood-using Industries: Nationally Recognised Standards and Specifications for Wood and Manufactures Thereof Including Paper and Paper Products ... October 5, 1927 ... (in Inglis). U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 76.
  17. ↑ "An Irishwoman's Diary". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  18. ↑ "History is made as Darver man gets science award". Independent.ie (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  19. ↑ "Sir William Rowan Hamilton - Irish mathematician and astronomer". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  20. ↑ "The Irish doctor who invented the syringe". The Irish Times. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  21. ↑ Mulvihill, Mary (2003). Ingenious Ireland: A County-by-County Exploration of the Mysteries and Marvels of the Ingenious Irish (in Inglis). Simon and Schuster. p. 81. ISBN 9780684020945.
  22. ↑ "Discoveries - Lord Kelvin - National Library of Scotland". digital.nls.uk. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  23. ↑ Prynne, Miranda (201). "A history of the stethoscope". The Telegraph. Archived frae the original on 20 Februar 2016. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  24. ↑ Weerden, Anne van (2017). A Victorian Marriage: Sir William Rowan Hamilton (in Inglis). J. Fransje van Weerden. p. 232. ISBN 9789463230025.
  25. ↑ Graham, Steve (8 October 1999). "John Tyndall : Feature Articles". earthobservatory.nasa.gov (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  26. ↑ "Atlantic Cable". special.lib.gla.ac.uk. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  27. ↑ Galvin, Anthony (2016). Old Sparky: The Electric Chair and the History of the Death Penalty (in Inglis). Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. p. 33. ISBN 9781510711358.
  28. ↑ "George Johnstone Stoney - Irish physicist". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  29. ↑ Everett, H. R.; Toscano, Michael (2015). Unmanned Systems of World Wars I and II (in Inglis). MIT Press. p. 33. ISBN 9780262331760.
  30. ↑ "How Dublin Saved Hurling". www.dublincity.ie (in Inglis). Archived frae the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  31. ↑ "Charles Cunningham Boycott - British estate manager". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  32. ↑ "Sir Charles Algernon Parsons - British engineer". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  33. ↑ "Cream Crackers – An Authentically Irish Snack". Irish American Mom. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  34. ↑ "John Robert Gregg - American stenographer". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 3 Mairch 2018.
  35. ↑ Hirsch, Robert (2014). Exploring Color Photography Sixth Edition: From Film to Pixels (in Inglis). CRC Press. p. 21. ISBN 9781317911159.
  36. ↑ "John Joly,Trinity College Dublin biography". Trinity College Dublin (in Inglis). Retrieved 27 Januar 2019.
  37. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived frae the original on 6 October 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  38. ↑ Aukstakalnis, Steve (2016). Practical Augmented Reality: A Guide to the Technologies, Applications, and Human Factors for AR and VR (in Inglis). Addison-Wesley Professional. p. 29. ISBN 9780134094359.
  39. ↑ "The Irish man who brought radiotherapy forward". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  40. ↑ "Harry Ferguson: Planes, tractors and automobiles". BBC Timelines (in Inglis). Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  41. ↑ "Flashback 1931 - first journey of battery-powered train - Independent.ie". Independent.ie (in Inglis). Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  42. ↑ "British History - Ejection Seat". BBC - Primary History. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  43. ↑ "Joe 'Spud' Murphy: The Man Who Gave Potato Chips Flavor". HuffPost. 20 Apryle 2012.
  44. ↑ Hochman, Karen. "A History of the Potato Chip: Page 4: The First Salted & Flavored Potato Chips". The Nibble.
  45. ↑ Crutchley, Peter (3 October 2016). "'Father of emergency medicine' celebrated". BBC News. Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
  46. ↑ "Jocelyn Bell Burnell - British astronomer". Encyclopedia Britannica (in Inglis). Retrieved 2 Mairch 2018.
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