See soorce fer Peru

{{Coord|10|S|76|W|display=title}}
{{Infobox country
|conventional_long_name = Republic o Peru
|common_name = Peru
|native_name = {{unbulleted list|item_style=font-size:88%;
 |{{native name|es|República del Perú}}
 |{{native name|qu|Piruw Republika}}
 |{{native name|ay|Piruw Suyu}}
}}
|image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg
|image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg
|other_symbol = <div style="padding:0.3em;">[[File:Gran Sello de la República del Perú.svg|100px|link=Great Seal of the State]]</div>{{native phrase|es|[[Coat o airms o Peru#Variants|Gran Sello del Estado]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|Great Seal o the State}}
|other_symbol_type = Naitional [[Seal (device)|seal]]:
|national_motto = "Firme y feliz por la unión" <small>(Spaingie)<br />"Firm and Happy for the Union"</small>
|national_anthem = {{native name|es|[[Naitional Anthem o Peru|Himno Nacional del Perú]]|nolink=on}}<br />{{small|''Naitional Anthem o Peru''}}<br />{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Marcha Nacional del Perú.ogg]]}}
|image_map = Peru (orthographic projection).svg
|capital = [[Lima]]
|coordinates = {{Coord|12|2.6|S|77|1.7|W|type:city}}
|largest_city = [[Lima]]
|languages = 
{{unbulleted list
  | [[Peruvian Spaingie|Spaingie]] 
  | [[Quechuan leids|Quechua]]
  | [[Aymara leid|Aymara]] 
}}
|languages_type = [[Offeecial leid]]s<sup>a</sup>
|ethnic_groups =
{{unbulleted list
 | 45% [[Indigenous fowks in Peru|Amerindian]]
 | 37% [[Mestizo]]
 | 15% [[Peruvians o European strynd|White]] 
 | 3% others<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html|title=Ethnic groups of Perú|publisher=CIA Factbook|accessdate=30 October 2013|archive-date=2020-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200508223524/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}
| ethnic_groups_year = 2013
|demonym = Peruvian
|government_type = [[Unitar state|Unitar]] [[Semi-presidential seestem|semi-presidential]] [[republic]]<ref name="Draft">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link= |date=September 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns |url=http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |dead-url=yes |journal=Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies |location=United States |publisher=University of California, San Diego |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |archive-date=19 August 2008 |access-date=31 August 2017 |postscript=. |ref=harv }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819200307/http://dss.ucsd.edu/~mshugart/semi-presidentialism.pdf |date=2008-08-19 }}</ref><ref name="Dual">{{cite journal |last=Shugart |first=Matthew Søberg |author-link=Matthew Søberg Shugart |date=December 2005 |title=Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns |url=http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.fp.8200087.pdf |journal=French Politics |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] UK |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=323–351 |issn=1476-3427 |oclc=6895745903 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087 |doi-access=free |access-date=31 August 2017 |quote=Only in Latin America have all new democracies retained a pure presidential form, except for Peru (president-parliamentary) and Bolivia (assembly-independent). |postscript=. |ref=harv }}</ref>
|leader_title1 = [[:en:List of Presidents of Peru|Preses]]
|leader_name1 = [[:en:Pedro Castillo|Pedro Castillo]]
|leader_title2 = [[:en:Vice President of Peru|Vice Preses]]
|leader_name2 = [[:en:Dina Boluarte|Dina Boluarte]]
|leader_title3 = [[:en:Prime Menister of Peru|Prime Meenister]]
|leader_name3 = [[:es:Aníbal Torres|Aníbal Torres]]
|leader_title4              = [[:en:Congress of the Republic of Peru|President o Congress]]
| leader_name4               = [[:en:Maricarmen Alva|Maricarmen Alva]]
|legislature = [[:en:Congress of the Republic of Peru|Congress o the Republic]]
|sovereignty_type = [[Peruvian War o Independence|Unthirldom]] {{nobold|frae the [[History o Spain (1814-1873)|Kinrick o Spain]]}}
|established_event1 = [[Peruvian War o Unthirldom|Declared]]
|established_date1 = 28 Julie 1821
|established_event2 = [[Battle o Ayacucho|Consolidated]]
|established_date2 = 9 December 1824
|established_event3 = Recognised
|established_date3 = 14 August 1879
|area_km2 = 1,285,216
|area_magnitude = 1 E12
|area_rank = 19t
|area_sq_mi = 496,225 <!-- Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]] -->
|percent_water = 0.41 <!-- CIA World Factbook -->
|population_estimate =  34,294,231<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/principales_indicadores/libro_1.pdf|title=Perú: Estimaciones y Proyecciones de Población Total, por Años Calendario y Edades Simples, 1950–2050|trans-title=Peru: Estimates and Projections of Total Population, by Calendar Years and Simple Ages, 1950–2050|publisher=National Institute of Statistics and Informatics|date=September 2009|language=es|access-date=18 September 2018|archive-date=18 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918125613/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/principales_indicadores/libro_1.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_census      = 31,237,385
| population_estimate_year = 2021
| population_estimate_rank = 44th
| population_census_year = 2017
| population_density_km2 = 23 <!--UN World Population Prospects-->
| population_density_sq_mi = 57 <!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]-->
| population_density_rank = 198th
| GDP_PPP                = {{decrease}} $385.719&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2">{{cite web|url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=31&pr.y=8&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=293&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|title=Peru|publisher=International Monetary Fund|access-date=18 January 2020|archive-date=17 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117125604/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=31&pr.y=8&sy=2017&ey=2024&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=293&s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=|url-status=live}}</ref>
| GDP_PPP_year           = 2020
| GDP_PPP_rank           = 47th
| GDP_PPP_per_capita     = {{decrease}} $11,516<ref name="imf2" />
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 103rd
| GDP_nominal            = {{decrease}} $195.761&nbsp;billion<ref name="imf2" />
| GDP_nominal_year       = 2020
| GDP_nominal_rank       = 49th
| GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{decrease}} $5,845<ref name="imf2" />
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 86th
| Gini                   = 41.5 <!--number only-->
| Gini_year              = 2019
| Gini_change            = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady-->
| Gini_ref               = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=PE |title=Gini Index |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=14 July 2021 |archive-date=7 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507153612/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=PE |url-status=live }}</ref>
| Gini_rank              = 
| HDI                    = 0.777 <!-- number only -->
| HDI_year               = 2019 <!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year -->
| HDI_change             = increase <!-- increase/decrease/steady -->
| HDI_ref                = <ref>{{cite book|title=Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene|date=15 December 2020|publisher=United Nations Development Programme|isbn=978-92-1-126442-5|pages=343–346|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=15 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215063955/http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
| HDI_rank               = 79th
| currency               = [[Peruvian sol|Sol]]
| currency_code          = PEN
| time_zone              = [[Time in Peru|PET]]
| utc_offset             = −5
| date_format            = dd/mm/yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])
| drives_on              = right
| calling_code           = [[+51]]
| iso3166code            = PE
| cctld                  = [[.pe]]
| religion               = {{unbulleted list
 |94.51% [[Religion in Peru#Christianity|Christianity]]|—76.03% [[Catholic Church in Peru|Catholicism]]|—18.48% Other [[List of Christian denominations|Christian]]|5.09% [[Irreligion in Latin America|No religion]]|0.40% Other}}
| religion_ref           = <ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |title=Perú: Perfil Sociodemográfico |page=231 |website=Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática |access-date=27 September 2018 |archive-date=11 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211135110/https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1539/libro.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| religion_year          = 2017{{efn|name=c| The question about religion included in the [[2017 Peru Census|2017 National Census]] was addressed to people aged 12 and over.}}
| today                  = 
}}

'''Peru''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Peru.ogg|p|ə|ˈ|r|uː}}; {{lang-es|link=no|Perú}} {{IPA-es|peˈɾu|}}; {{lang-qu|Piruw}} {{IPA-qu|pɪɾʊw|}};<ref>Quechua name used by government of Peru is ''Perú'' (see Quechua-language version of Peru Parliament [http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/index.htm website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100730230845/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/index.htm |date=30 July 2010 }} and Quechua-language version of Peru Constitution [https://web.archive.org/web/20110205010758/http://www.congreso.gob.pe/_quechua/Constitucion.pdf but common Quechua name is ''Piruw'']</ref> {{lang-ay|Piruw}} {{IPA-all|pɪɾʊw|}}), officially the '''Republic of Peru''' ({{Audio-es|República del Perú|ES-pe - República del Perú.ogg}}),<!-- {{IPA-es|reˈpuβlika ðel peˈɾu|}} --> is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by [[Ecuador]] and [[Colombia]], in the east by [[Brazil]], in the southeast by [[Bolivia]], in the south by [[Chile]], and in the south and west by the [[Pacific Ocean]]. Peru is a [[megadiverse country]] with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the [[Andes mountains]] extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical [[Amazon Basin]] rainforest in the east with the [[Amazon river]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sernanp.gob.pe/sernanp/archivos/imagenes/vida/Peru-%20Pais%20Megadiverso.pdf |title=Perú: País megadiverso |trans-title=Peru: Megadiverse country |publisher=Servicio Nacional de Áreas Naturales Protegidas |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140622152015/http://www.sernanp.gob.pe/sernanp/archivos/imagenes/vida/Peru-%20Pais%20Megadiverso.pdf |archive-date=22 June 2014}}</ref> Peru has a [[Demographics of Peru|population]] of 34 million, and its capital and largest city is [[Lima]]. At 1.28&nbsp;million km<sup>2</sup> (0.5&nbsp;million mi<sup>2</sup>), Peru is the [[List of countries and dependencies by area|19th largest country in the world]], and the [[List of South American countries by area|third largest in South America]].

[[Pre-Columbian Peru|Peruvian territory]] was home to several [[Ancient Peru|ancient cultures]]. Ranging from the [[Norte Chico civilization]] starting in 3500 BCE, the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five [[cradles of civilization]], to the [[Inca Empire]], the largest state in the [[pre-Columbian]] Americas, the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country, tracing its heritage back to the 10th millennium BCE.

The [[Spanish Empire]] conquered the region in the 16th century and [[Viceroyalty of Peru|established a viceroyalty]] that encompassed most of its South American territories, with its capital in [[Lima]]. Higher education started in the Americas with the official establishment of the [[National University of San Marcos]] in Lima in 1551. Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821, and following the foreign military campaigns of [[José de San Martín]] and [[Simón Bolívar]], and the decisive [[battle of Ayacucho]], Peru [[Peruvian War of Independence|completed its independence in 1824]]. In the ensuing years, the country first suffered of political instability until a period of relative [[Guano Era|economic and political stability]] begun due to the explotaiton of guano. Later, the [[War of the Pacific]] (1879–1884) with Chile brought Peru to a state of crisis from wich the olygarchy seize power through the [[Civilista Party]].  In the 20th century, the country endured coups, social unrest, and [[Internal conflict in Peru|internal conflicts]], as well as periods of stability and economic upswing. In the 1990s, the country implemented a [[neoliberalism|neoliberal economic model]] which is still in use to this day.  As the [[2000s commodities boom]] took place, Peru experienced a period of constant economic growth and a decrease in [[poverty]].

The [[sovereign state]] of Peru is a [[Representative democracy|representative democratic]] republic divided into [[Administrative divisions of Peru|25 regions]]. Peru has a high level of [[Human development index|human development]]<ref name="UNDP" /> with an upper middle income level<ref name="WBdata" /> ranking 82nd on the [[Human Development Index]].<ref>{{cite web |title=World Economic and Financial Surveys, World Economic Outlook October 2015 |url=http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/pdf/text.pdf |website=www.imf.org |access-date=15 February 2018 |archive-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113211842/http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2015/02/pdf/text.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> It is one of the region's most prosperous economies with an average growth rate of 5.9%<ref name="WBoverview">{{cite web |url=http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/peru/overview |title=Peru Overview |publisher=[[World Bank]] |access-date=17 April 2017 |archive-date=5 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170505064825/http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/peru/overview |url-status=live }}</ref> and it has one of the world's fastest industrial growth rates at an average of 9.6%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.html#pe |title=Peru |work=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |access-date=8 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707010810/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2089.html#pe |archive-date=7 July 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Its main economic activities include mining, manufacturing, agriculture and fishing; along with other growing sectors such as telecommunications and 
|currency = [[Peruvian sol|Sol]]
|currency_code = PEN
|time_zone = [[Time in Peru|PET]]
|utc_offset = −5
|date_format = dd.mm.yyyy ([[Common Era|CE]])
|drives_on = right
|calling_code = [[+51]]
|cctld = [[.pe]]
|footnote_a = [[Quechua leid|Quechua]], [[Aymara leid|Aymara]] an [[Leids o Peru|ither indigenous leids]] are co-offeecial in the auries whaur thay predominate.
}}
[[File:Peru - Regions and departments (labeled).svg|250px|right|thumb| Peru]]
[[File:Peru Machu Picchu Sunrise.jpg|250px|right|thumb| [[Machu Picchu]] ]]
'''Peru''' is a kintra in wastren [[Sooth Americae]]. It is bordered on the north bi [[Ecuador]] an [[Colombie]], on the east bi [[Brazil]], on the sootheast bi [[Bolivie]], on the sooth bi [[Chile]], an on the wast bi the [[Paceefic Ocean]]. Peru is ane o the maist megadiverse kintras.

[[Lima]] is the caipital ceety o the kintra.

The Preses o Peru is [[Francisco Sagasti]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Peru| ]]
[[Category:Andean Commonty o Naitions]]
[[Category:Kintras borderin the Paceefic Ocean]]
[[Category:Kintras in Sooth Americae]]
[[Category:Umwhile Spaingie colonies]]
[[Category:Leeberal democracies]]
[[Category:Member states o the Union o Sooth American Naitions]]
[[Category:Member states o the Unitit Naitions]]
[[Category:Republics]]
[[Category:Spaingie-speakin kintras an territories]]
[[Category:States an territories established in 1821]]


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