See soorce fer Nizhny Novgorod

{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Nizhny Novgorod
|ru_name=Нижний Новгород
|image_skyline=Nizhny Novgorod Montage 2022.png
|image_caption=View o Nizhny Novgorod
|map_label_position=right
|coordinates = {{coord|56|20|N|44|00|E|display=inline,title}}
|lats
|longs
|image_flag=Flag of Nizhny Novgorod.svg{{!}}border
|flag_caption=Flag o Nizhny Novgorod
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Nizhny Novgorod.svg
|coa_caption=Coat o airms o Nizhny Novgorod
|anthem<!--none as of September 2009-->
|anthem_ref
|holiday=Seicont Sunday o September
|holiday_ref=<ref name="Holiday">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod, Article&nbsp;2.2</ref>
<!----ADMINISTRATIVE STATUS---->
|federal_subject=[[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="AdmList">Order #1-od, Article&nbsp;3.2</ref>
|adm_data_as_of=Julie 2009
|adm_ctr_of=[[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]]
|adm_ctr_of_ref=<ref name="AdmList" />
|inhabloc_cat=Ceety
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="AdmList" />
|inhabloc_type=Ceety o oblast significance
|inhabloc_type_ref=<ref name="AdmList" />
<!----MUNICIPAL STATUS---->
|mun_data_as_of=September 2009
|urban_okrug_jur=Nizhny Novgorod Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="MunList">Resolution #670, Urban Okrugs, Item&nbsp;1</ref>
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=<ref name="HeadTitle">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod, Article&nbsp;26.1.2</ref>
|leader_name=Oleg Sorokin
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="HeadName">Official website of Nizhny Novgorod.  [http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/script/phones1.php?id2=513 Vadim Yevgenyevich Bulavinov, Head of the Administration of Nizhny Novgorod] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216181301/http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/script/phones1.php?id2=513 |date=2012-02-16 }} {{ru icon}}</ref>
|representative_body=[[Ceety Duma o Nizhny Novgorod|Ceety Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=<ref name="Legis">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod, Article&nbsp;26.1.1</ref>
<!----STATISTICS---->
|area_of_what
|area_as_of
|area_km2=410.68
|area_km2_ref=<ref name="AboutCity">Offeecial wabsteid o Nizhny Novgorod.  [http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/references/nn.html Owerview o the ceety] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501084343/http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/references/nn.html |date=2017-05-01 }} {{ru icon}}</ref>
|pop_2010census=1250615
|pop_2010census_rank=5t
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census_prelim}}</ref>
|pop_2002census=1311252
|pop_2002census_rank=4t
|pop_2002census_ref=<ref name="PopCensus">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref>
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
<!----HISTORY---->
|established_date=1221
|established_date_ref=<ref name="Charter1_2">Charter of Nizhny Novgorod, Article&nbsp;1.2</ref>
|current_cat_date=1221
|current_cat_date_ref=<ref name="AboutCity" />
|prev_name1=Nizhny Novgorod
|prev_name1_date=September 1932
|prev_name1_ref=<ref name="Charter1_2" />
|prev_name2=Gorky
|prev_name2_date=22 October 1990
|prev_name2_ref=<ref name="PrevName2">Decree of October 22, 1990, Article&nbsp;1</ref>
<!----MISCELLANEA---->
|postal_codes=in the 603000–603999 range
|postal_codes_ref=<ref name="PostCode">[[Russian Post]].  [http://info.russianpost.ru/servlet/department Postal Code Search] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090925092503/http://info.russianpost.ru/servlet/department/ |date=2009-09-25 }} {{ru icon}}</ref>
|dialing_codes=831
|dialing_codes_ref=<ref name="AboutCity" />
|website=http://www.admgor.nnov.ru/
|website_ref
|date=September 2009
}}

'''Nizhny Novgorod''' ({{lang-rus|Нижний Новгород|a=|p=ˈnʲiʐnʲɪj ˈnovɡərət}}), colloquially shortened tae '''Nizhny''', is, wi the population o 1,250,600, the fift lairgest [[types o inhabitit localities in Roushie|ceety]] in [[Roushie]], rankin efter [[Moscow]], [[Saunt Petersburg|St.&nbsp;Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]], an [[Yekaterinburg]].<ref name="2010Census" /> It is the economic an cultural centre o the vast [[Volga-Vyatka economic region]], an the admeenistrative centre o [[Nizhny Novgorod Oblast]] an [[Volga Federal Destrict]] an aw.

Frae 1932 tae 1990, the ceety wis kent as '''Gorky''' ({{lang|ru|Го́рький}}, {{IPA-ru|ˈɡorʲkʲɪj|IPA}}),<ref name="PrevName2" /> efter the writer [[Maxim Gorky]] who wis born thare.

The ceety is an important economic, transport an cultural centre o the Roushie Federation.

==Admeenistrative an municipal status==
Nizhny Novgorod is the [[admeenistrative centre]] o the [[oblast]].<ref name="Ref818">Law #184-Z</ref> Athin the [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Admeenistrative diveesions|framewirk o admeenistrative diveesions]], it is, thegither wi ane [[urban-teep dounset|resort dounset]] an twal [[teeps o inhabitit localities in Roushie|rural localities]], incorporatit as the '''[[ceety o federal subject significance|ceety o oblast significance]] o Nizhny Novgorod'''—an admeenistrative unit wi the status equal tae that o the [[admeenistrative diveesions o Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|destricts]].<ref name="Ref818" /> As a [[subdiveesions o Roushie#Municipal diveesions|municipal diveesion]], the ceety o oblast significance o Nizhny Novgorod is incorporatit as '''Nizhny Novgorod Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref825">Law #205-Z</ref>

==Ceety layoot an diveesions==
[[File:NN BolPokrovskaya Street 08-2016 img2.jpg|thumb|State Bank o Nizhny Novgorod biggit in 1913]]

Nizhny Novgorod is dividit bi the [[Oka River]] intae twa distinct pairts. The Upper Ceety ({{lang-ru|Нагорная часть}}, ''Nagornaya chast'') is locatit on the hilly eastren (richt) bank o the Oka. It includes three o the aicht ceety destricts intae which the ceety is admeenistratively dividit:
*[[Nizhegorodsky Ceety District, Nizhny Novgorod|Nizhegorodsky]] (the historical an admeenistrative centre o the ceety);
*[[Prioksky Ceety Destrict|Prioksky]];
*[[Sovetsky Ceety Destrict, Nizhny Novgorod|Sovetsky]].

The Lawer Ceety ({{lang-ru|Заречная часть}}, ''Zarechnaya chast'') occupees the law (wastren) side o the Oka, an includes five ceety destricts:
*[[Kanavinsky Ceety Destrict|Kanavinsky]] (the steid o the [[Nizhny Novgorod Fair]] an the location o the main train station);
*[[Moskovsky Ceety Destrict, Nizhny Novgorod|Moskovsky]] (hame o the Sokol Aircraft Plant an [[Sormovo (airfield)|its airfield]]);
*[[Sormovsky Ceety Destrict|Sormovsky]] (whaur [[Krasnoye Sormovo]] an the [[Volga Shipyard]] are locatit);
*[[Avtozavodsky Ceety Destrict, Nizhny Novgorod|Avtozavodsky]] (biggit aroond the  [[GAZ]] automotive plants);
*[[Leninsky Ceety Destrict, Nizhny Novgorod|Leninsky]].
Aw o the day's lawer ceety wis annexed bi Nizhny Novgorod in 1929–1931.

==Demografics==
*Population (Jan 2009): 1,272,599 <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nta-nn.ru/news/item/?ID=148716 |title=НТА-Приволжье :: В Н.Новгороде в 2008 году уровень смертности превысил рождаемость в 1,6 раза – Нижегородстат |language={{ru icon}} |publisher=Nta-nn.ru |date= |accessdate=2010-06-01}}</ref>
*Births (2008): 12,969
*Daiths (2008): 20,757

==Climate==
The [[climate]] in the region is continental, specifically [[humid continental]] (''Dfb'') an it is seemilar tae the [[climate o Moscow|climate in Moscow]], awtho caulder in winter, which lasts frae late November till late Mairch wi a permanent snaw kiver. Average temperaturs ranges frae {{convert|+19|C}} in Julie tae {{convert|-9|C}} in Januar.

{{-}}{{Weather box
|location=Nizhny Novgorod
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 5.5
|Feb record high C = 7.0
|Mar record high C = 17.3
|Apr record high C = 26.3
|May record high C = 32.5
|Jun record high C = 36.3
|Jul record high C = 38.3
|Aug record high C = 38.0
|Sep record high C = 31.0
|Oct record high C = 24.2
|Nov record high C = 13.2
|Dec record high C = 8.5
|year record high C = 38.3
|Jan high C = -5.9
|Feb high C = -5.3
|Mar high C = 1.2
|Apr high C = 10.9
|May high C = 18.7
|Jun high C = 22.6
|Jul high C = 24.7
|Aug high C = 22.1
|Sep high C = 15.7
|Oct high C = 8.0
|Nov high C = -0.5
|Dec high C = -4.6
|year high C = 9.0
|Jan mean C = -8.9
|Feb mean C = -8.7
|Mar mean C = -2.6
|Apr mean C = 6.1
|May mean C = 12.9
|Jun mean C = 17.2
|Jul mean C = 19.4
|Aug mean C = 16.9
|Sep mean C = 11.1
|Oct mean C = 4.7
|Nov mean C = -2.8
|Dec mean C = -7.4
|year mean C = 4.8
|Jan low C = -11.6
|Feb low C = -11.7
|Mar low C = -5.8
|Apr low C = 2.1
|May low C = 7.9
|Jun low C = 12.6
|Jul low C = 14.8
|Aug low C = 12.6
|Sep low C = 7.6
|Oct low C = 2.1
|Nov low C = -4.8
|Dec low C = -9.9
|year low C = 1.3
|Jan record low C = -41.2
|Feb record low C = -37.2
|Mar record low C = -28.3
|Apr record low C = -19.7
|May record low C = -6.9
|Jun record low C = -1.8
|Jul record low C = 5.1
|Aug record low C = 0.9
|Sep record low C = -5.4
|Oct record low C = -16.0
|Nov record low C = -29.4
|Dec record low C = -41.4
|year record low C = -41.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 47
|Feb precipitation mm = 38
|Mar precipitation mm = 37
|Apr precipitation mm = 36
|May precipitation mm = 46
|Jun precipitation mm = 76
|Jul precipitation mm = 73
|Aug precipitation mm = 69
|Sep precipitation mm = 61
|Oct precipitation mm = 64
|Nov precipitation mm = 55
|Dec precipitation mm = 55
|year precipitation mm = 657
|Jan humidity= 85
|Feb humidity= 81
|Mar humidity= 75
|Apr humidity= 65
|May humidity= 62
|Jun humidity= 70
|Jul humidity= 71
|Aug humidity= 75
|Sep humidity= 79
|Oct humidity= 82
|Nov humidity= 86
|Dec humidity= 85
|year humidity= 76
|Jan rain days = 4
|Feb rain days = 3
|Mar rain days = 5
|Apr rain days = 12
|May rain days = 15
|Jun rain days = 18
|Jul rain days = 16
|Aug rain days = 16
|Sep rain days = 17
|Oct rain days = 17
|Nov rain days = 10
|Dec rain days = 6
|year rain days = 139
|Jan snow days = 27
|Feb snow days = 22
|Mar snow days = 16
|Apr snow days = 6
|May snow days = 1
|Jun snow days = 0.1
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.4
|Oct snow days = 7
|Nov snow days = 18
|Dec snow days = 25
|year snow days = 123
|Jan sun = 40.0
|Feb sun = 77.1
|Mar sun = 146.1
|Apr sun = 203.8
|May sun = 278.3
|Jun sun = 289.6
|Jul sun = 290.1
|Aug sun = 239.4
|Sep sun = 152.2
|Oct sun = 81.3
|Nov sun = 38.5
|Dec sun = 24.4
|year sun = 1860.9
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{Cite web
| url = http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27459.htm 
| title = Pogoda.ru.net
| accessdate = December 13, 2012
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = Russian}}</ref>
|source 2 = Weatherbase (sun only)<ref name=weatherbase>{{cite web
  |url = http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=592153&refer=&cityname=Nizhniy-Novgorod-Nizhny-Novgorod-Russia&units=
  |title = Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Nizhny-Novgorod, Russia
  |publisher = Weatherbase
  |accessdate = December 13, 2012
  |archive-date = 2013-09-28
  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130928055527/http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=592153&refer=&cityname=Nizhniy-Novgorod-Nizhny-Novgorod-Russia&units=
  |url-status = dead
  }}</ref>
|date = August 2010}}

==Economy==
===Information technologie===
Nizhny Novgorod is ane o the centres o the IT Industry in Roushie. It ranks amang the leadin Roushie ceeties in terms o the quantity o software [[R&D]] providers. [[Intel]] haes a big software R&D centre wi mair nor 500 ingineers in the ceety, as well as a major datacentre. In Nizhny Novgorod thare is a nummer o [[affshore ootsourcin]] [[software]] developers an aw, includin [http://www.itseez.com/ Itseez], [http://www.tecomgroup.ru/ Tecom], [http://www.luximax.com/ Luximax Systems Ltd.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126081403/http://www.luximax.com/ |date=2011-11-26 }}, [[MERA Networks]], RealEast Networks, [[Auriga (company)|Auriga]],  [http://www.swdrom.com/ SoftDrom] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130127182318/http://www.swdrom.com/ |date=2013-01-27 }}, an [http://www.telma.ru/ Teleca] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210142148/http://telma.ru/ |date=2013-02-10 }}, an mony ither smawer anes that specialise in deliverin services tae telecommunication vendors.

Thare are twinty-five scienteefic R&D institutions focusin on telecommunications, radio technologie, theoretical an appleed pheesics, an thirty-three heicher educational institutions, amang them are [[NNSMA|Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy]], [[Nizhny Novgorod State University]], [[NNTU|Nizhny Novgorod Technical University]], as well as [[Nizhny Novgorod Institute o Information Technologies]] (umwhile [[MERA Networks]] trainin centre), that focuses on information technologies, software development, seestem admeenistration, telecommunications, cellular netwirks, Internet technologies, an IT management.

Nizhny Novgorod haes been chosen as ane o fower steids for biggin an IT-orientit technologie pairk—a special zone that haes an established infrastructur an enjoys a favorable tax an customs policy.

===Ingineerin industrie===
The ingineerin industrie is the leadin industrie o Nizhny Novgorod economy. It is mainly orientit towards transportation, i.e., the auto industrie, shipbiggin, diesel iengines, aircraft manufactur, an machine tuils, wi the auto industrie bein the leadin sector (50%).
Lairgest plants include:
*[[Jynt-stock company|JSC]] "[[GAZ|Gorky Automobile Plant]]" - personal caurs, larries, armored personnel carriers, an ither autos;
*JSC "[[Krasnoye Sormovo]]" - river an sea ships, submarines;
*JSC "[[Sokol design bureau|Sokol]]" - airplanes, jets;
*JSC "[[Hydromash]]"- hydraulic actuators, landin gears
*JSC "Nitel" - TV sets;
*JSC "RUMO" - diesel generators;
*JSC "Krasny yakor" - anchor chains;

==Transportation==
[[File:NN-Bor Volga Cableway 08-2016 img10.jpg|thumb|Nizhny Novgorod Cableway]]
[[File:Nizhny Novgorod Metro Bridge.jpg|thumb|Metro brig]]
[[File:NN Volga Terminal 08-2016.jpg|thumb|Riverside terminal]]

===Railwey===
The Gorkovskaya Railroad, a [[Russian Railways]] depairtment which operates some {{convert|5700|km|sp=us}} o rail lines throuout the Middle Volga region an {{convert|1200|km|sp=us}} in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, is heidquairtered in Nizhny Novgorod. Syne 1862, thare is an railwey connection atween Nizhny Novgorod an Moscow.<ref>[{{Cite web |url=http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |title={{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194250/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |date=2012-06-20 }} Train Station in Nizhny Novgorod {{ru icon}} |access-date=2013-01-10 |archive-date=2012-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194250/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620194250/http://www.nnov-airport.ru/rus/nizhniy_novgorod_wokzal.html |date=2012-06-20 }} Train Station in Nizhny Novgorod {{ru icon}}]</ref> Owernicht trains provide access tae Nizhny Novgorod frae [[Moscow]], [[Saunt Petersburg]], [[Kazan]], [[Yaroslavl]] an ithers. Syne Dizember 2002, a fast [[train]] transports passengers atween Nizhny Novgorod an Moscow in less nor five oors.  Ane can continue frae Nizhny Novgorod eastwaird alang the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]], wi direct trains tae major ceeties in the [[Urals]] an [[Siberie]], as well as tae [[Beijing]], [[Pyongyang]], an [[Ulan-Bator]].

The first [[heich-speed rail]] [[Sapsan|''Sapsan'' train]] tae Moscow] ([[Kursky Rail Terminal]]) an Saunt Petersburg ([[Moskovsky Rail Terminal (Saunt Petersburg)|Moskovsky Rail Terminal]]) wis launched on 30 Julie 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press.rzd.ru/isvp/public/press?STRUCTURE_ID=654&layer_id=4069&refererVpId=1&refererPageId=704&refererLayerId=4065&id=74920|title=Russian Railways Sapsan to Nizhny Novgorod press release|access-date=2013-01-10|archive-date=2010-06-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100624021505/http://press.rzd.ru/isvp/public/press?STRUCTURE_ID=654&layer_id=4069&refererVpId=1&refererPageId=704&refererLayerId=4065&id=74920|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Suburban [[commuter train]]s (''[[elektrichka]]'') connect Nizhny Novgorod wi [[Vladimir]], [[Dzerzhinsk, Roushie|Dzerzhinsk]], [[Murom]], [[Kirov, Kirov Oblast|Kirov]], [[Arzamas]], [[Zavolzhye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Zavolzhye]], [[Balakhna, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Balakhna]], an ithers.

===Airport===
The [[Nizhny Novgorod Internaitional Airport]] haes direct flichts tae major Roushie ceeties, as well as tae [[Frankfurt]] (five flichts a week bi [[Lufthansa]]), Dubai, Prague. The [[Sormovo (airfield)|air base Sormovo]] wis an important militar airlift facility, an [[Pravdinsk (air base)|Pravdinsk air base]] wis an [[interceptor aircraft]] base durin the [[Cauld War]]. [[S7 Airlines]], [[UTair Aviation]] goes tae Moscow's [[Domodedovo Internaitional Airport|Domodedovo]] an [[Vnukovo Internaitional Airport|Vnukovo Airports]] daily.

===Waterweys===
Nizhny Novgorod is an important centre o [[Volga]] cargo an passenger shippin. In the simmer, cruise vessels operate atween Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow, Saunt Petersburg, an [[Astrakhan]]. In 2006 a sma nummer o [[Meteor (hydrofoil)|Meteor-class]] [[hydrofoils]] resumit operations on the Volga river.

===Heich-gates===
The ceety is servit bi [[M7 motorwa (Roushie)|Roushie heich-gate M-7]] (Moscow&nbsp;– Nizhny Novgorod&nbsp;– [[Kazan]]&nbsp;– [[Ufa]]), an is a hub o the regional heich-gate netwirk.

===Public transportation===
Public transportation athin the ceety is providit bi a sma subwey seestem ([[Nizhny Novgorod Metro]]), [[tram]]ways, ''[[marshrutka]]s'' (routit taxis), buses, an [[trolleybus]]es. Electric an diesel commuter trains run tae suburbs in several directions.

Free shuttle buses run frae several pynts in the ceety tae the [[MEGA Family Shopping Centre|MEGA]] shoppin complex, which opened in October 2006 in [[Fedyakovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Fedyakovo]], a few kilometres tae the east o the Nizhny Novgorod ceety line.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.megamall.ru/mega5/en/guide/route/ |title=How to get to MEGA |access-date=2013-01-10 |archive-date=2007-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212151909/http://www.megamall.ru/mega5/en/guide/route/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Aerial tramway===
The [[Nizhny Novgorod Volga Aerial Tramway]] frae Nizhny Novgorod tae [[Bor, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast|Bor]] athort Volga river, wis opened in 2012.

==Main sichts==
Hintle o the ceety dountoun is biggit in the [[Roushie Revival]] an [[Stalin Empire style]]s. The dominatin featur o the ceety skyline is the grand [[Kremlin]] (1500–1511), wi its reid-brick touers. Efter Bolshevik devastation, the anerlie auncient edifice left athin the kremlin waws is the tent-lik Archangel Cathedral (1624–31), first biggit in stane in the 13t century.

===Cultural featurs===
[[File:Nizhny Novgorod Planetarium and Circus 07-2019.jpg|thumb|Planetarium an circus]]

Thare are mair nor sax hunder unique historic, airchitectural, an cultural monuments in the ceety.

Thare are aboot twa hunder municipal an regional airt an cultural institutions athin Nizhny Novgorod. Amang thir institutions thare are aicht theatres, five concert haws, ninety-seiven libraries (wi branches), seiventeen movie theatres (includin five movie theatres for childer), twinty-five institutions o childer optional eddication, aicht museums (saxteen includin branches), an seiven pairks.

===Nizhny Novgorod airt gallery===
The [[airt gallery]] in Nizhny Novgorod is a lairge an important airt gallery an [[museum]]s o human [[history]] an [[cultur]].

Nizhny Novgorod haes a great an extraordinary airt gallery wi mair nor 12,000 exhibits, an enormous collection o wirks bi Roushie airtists sic as [[Viktor Vasnetsov]], [[Karl Briullov]], [[Ivan Shishkin]], [[Ivan Kramskoi]], [[Ilya Yefimovich Repin]], [[Isaak Iljitsch Lewitan]], [[Vasily Surikov]], [[Ivan Aivazovsky]], thare are greater collections o wirks bi [[Boris Kustodiev]] an [[Nicholas Roerich]] an aw, no anerlie Roushie airt is pairt o the exhibition it include an aw a vast accumulation o [[Wastren Europe]]an airt lik wirks bi [[David Teniers the Younger]], [[Bernardo Bellotto]], [[Lucas Cranach the Elder]], [[Pieter de Grebber]], [[Giuseppe Maria Crespi]], [[Giovanni Battista Piranesi]], an lot mair.

Feenally what maks this gallery extremely important is the amazin collection [[Russian avant-garde]] wi wirks bi [[Kazimir Malevich]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[Natalia Goncharova]], [[Mikhail Larionov]] an sae on. Thare is collection o [[East Asie]] airt an aw.

===Hooses o wirship===
[[File:Pechersky Ascension Monastery.jpg|thumb|Pechersky Ascension Monastery]]
[[File:NN AlexanderNevsky Cathedral 08-2016.jpg|thumb|New Fair Cathedral (Alexander Nevsky Cathedral)]]
[[File:NN Old Fair Cathedral 08-2016 img2.jpg|thumb|Savior (Auld Fair) Cathedral]]

Ither notable laundmerks are the twa great medieval [[abbey]]s. The [[Pechersky Ascension Monastery]] featurs the austere five-domit cathedral (1632) an twa rare kirks surmoontit bi tent ruifs, datin frae the 1640s. The Annunciation monastery, likwise surroondit bi strang waws, haes anither five-domit cathedral (1649) an the Assumption kirk (1678). The anerlie private hoose preservit frae that epoch umwhile belangit tae the merchant Pushnikov.

Thare can be little dout that the maist oreeginal an delichtful kirks in the ceety wur biggit bi the [[Stroganovs]] in the nascent [[Naryshkin Baroque|Baroque style]]. O thir, the [http://www.sobory.ru/article/index.html?object=00892 Virgin's Nativity Kirk] (1719) graces ane o the central streets, whareas the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5119 Kirk o Oor Lady o Smolensk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024649/http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5119 |date=2007-03-11 }} (1694–97) survives in the umwhile veelage o Gordeyevka (nou, pairt o the ceety's [[Kanavinsky Ceety Destrict|Kanavinsky Destrict]]), whaur the Stroganov palace ance stuid.

Ither notable kirks include:
*the [http://www.sobory.ru/article/index.html?object=00895 Saviour Cathedral], kent as the Auld Fair Cathedral an aw, a huge domit edifice biggit at the steid o the great fair tae an [[Empire style]] design bi [[Agustín de Betancourt]] an [[Auguste de Montferrand]] in 1822;
*the sae-cried [http://www.sobory.ru/article/index.html?object=01787 New Fair Cathedral], designed in the Russian Revival style an biggit atween 1856 an 1880 at the confluence o the Oka an the Volga;
*the recently reconstructit [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=10051 Kirk o the Nativity o John the Precursor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024634/http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=10051 |date=2007-03-11 }} (1676–83), staundin juist belaw the Kremlin waws; it wis uised durin the Soviet period as an apairtment hoose;
*the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5523 parish kirks o the Holy Wives] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031024330/http://sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5523 |date=2007-10-31 }} (1649) an [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=9535 o Saunt Elijah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024604/http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=9535 |date=2007-03-11 }} (1656);
*the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=9550 Assumption Kirk on St Elijah's Hill] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311024541/http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=9550 |date=2007-03-11 }} (1672), wi five green-tiled domes arrangit unorthodoxly on the lofty cross-shapit barrel ruif;
*the shrine o the [[Auld Believers]] at the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5248 Bugrovskoe cemetery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031022513/http://sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5248 |date=2007-10-31 }}, erectit in the 1910s tae a creetically acclaimit design bi [[Vladimir Pokrovsky]];
*the [http://www.sobory.ru/photo/index.html?photo=5253 firthen chapel o the Intercession]{{Dead link|date=June 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (1660), transportit tae Nizhny Novgorod frae a landwart aurie.

Thare is a [[mosque]] in Sennaya Square an aw, whaur the Muslim populations o the ceety go for [[Friday prayers]], Islamic activities an activities which are organisit bi the mosque. Thare is a sma shop tae buy halal meats an aw. Maist o the Muslims in this ceety are [[Tatars]].

The centrally locatit [[Jewish community of Nizhny Novgorod|Nizhny Novgorod Synagogue]] wis biggit in 1881-1883; disuised during the Soviet era, it wis renovated an reopened ca. 1991.

===Ither===
A singular monument o industrial airchitectur is a 128-metre-heich [[Shukhov touer on the Oka River|open-wirk hyperboloid touer]]  biggit on the bank o the Oka near [[Dzerzhinsk]] as pairt o a [[Electric pouer transmission|pouerline]] river crossin bi the eminent ingineer an scientist [[Vladimir Shukhov]] in 1929.

A staircase connectin the Kremlin wi the Volga river affers a panoramic view o the surroondins. The staircase itsel wis constructit in the late 1940s bi German preesoners o war forcit tae labor aroond Gorky.

==Education==
Nizhny Novgorod is hame tae the follaein educational facilities:
*[[N. I. Lobachevsky State University o Nizhny Novgorod]]
*[[R.Y. Alekseev Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University]]<ref>http://www.nntu.sci-nnov.ru/nstu.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329044720/http://www.nntu.sci-nnov.ru/nstu.html |date=2010-03-29 }}</ref>
*[[Nizhny Novgorod State University o Airchitectur an Ceevil Ingineerin]]
*[[Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University]]
*[[Nizhny Novgorod Commercial Institute]]
*[[Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University]]
*[[Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy]]
*[[Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy]]
*[[Volgo-Vyatsky Region Ceevil Service Academy]]<ref>http://www.vvags.ru/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224120011/http://vvags.ru/ |date=2012-12-24 }}</ref>

Thare are twinty research institutes locatit in the ceety an aw.

==Sports==
The ceety ice hockey team [[Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod]] play in the [[KHL]]. The ceety is representit at fitbaa bi [[FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod]] which plays in the [[Roushie Premier League]]. [[FC Nizhny Novgorod]] plays in the Roushie First Diveesion. The ither fitbaa team frae Nizhny Novgorod, [[FC Lokomotiv Nizhny Novgorod]] which haed played in the Roushie Premier League an Intertoto Cup became defunct in 2006. The ceety field hockey team are HC Stairt. The ceety [[bandy]] team Stairt plays in the heichest diveesion o the [[Roushie Bandy League]].<ref>Video frae a gemme in the Roushie Cup against [[Zorky]] frae [[Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast|Krasnogorsk]]: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EhwJxkrosd4</ref> In 2002 thay reached the feenal against [[Vodnik]]. Baith matches wur played in [[Arkhangelsk]] due tae wairm wather. Efter that a new arena, wi an airtificial ice an a capacity o 20079, wis biggit.[http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&sl=ru&u=http://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/6/&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dhttp://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/6/%26hl%3Den%26tbo%3Dd%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D545&sa=X&ei=BLO3UKbfL9P24QSy-4D4Cw&sqi=2&ved=0CDMQ7gEwAA]

==Internaitional relations==

{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Roushie}}

===Twin touns — Sister ceeties===
Nizhny Novgorod is [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{| class="wikitable"
|- valign="top"
|
*{{Flagicon|Germany}} [[Essen]], [[Germany]]<ref name="RuhrTwins2010">{{Cite web|url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd|title=List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District|publisher=© 2009 [http://www.twins2010.com/index.php?id=home&L=1 Twins2010.com]|accessdate=2009-10-28|archive-date=2009-11-28|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5lctsW5KG?url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|China}} [[Jinan]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae]]
*{{Flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kharkiv]], [[Ukraine]]
*{{Flagicon|Austria}} [[Linz]], [[Austrick]]
*{{Flagicon|Cuba}} [[Matanzas]], [[Cuba]]
||
*{{Flagicon|Serbia}} [[Novi Sad]], [[Serbie]]
*{{Flagicon|USA}} [[Philadelphia]], [[Unitit States]]
*{{Flagicon|Spain}} [[Sant Boi]], [[Spain]]
*{{Flagicon|South_Korea}} [[Suwon]], [[Republic o Korea]]
*{{Flagicon|Finland}} [[Tampere]], [[Finland]]
|}

==Climate==
The [[climate]] in the region is continental, specifically [[humid continental]] (''Dfb'') an it is seemilar tae the [[climate o Moscow|climate in Moscow]], awtho caulder in winter, which lasts frae late November till late Mairch wi a permanent snaow kiver.

{{-}}{{Weather box
|location = Nizhny Novgorod (1971 - 2000)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 5.5
|Feb record high C = 7.0
|Mar record high C = 17.3
|Apr record high C = 26.3
|May record high C = 32.5
|Jun record high C = 36.3
|Jul record high C = 38.3
|Aug record high C = 38.0
|Sep record high C = 31.0
|Oct record high C = 24.2
|Nov record high C = 13.2
|Dec record high C = 8.5
|year record high C = 38.3
|Jan high C = -6.6
|Feb high C = -5.7
|Mar high C = 0.7
|Apr high C = 10.5
|May high C = 17.4
|Jun high C = 22.5
|Jul high C = 23.4
|Aug high C = 21.2
|Sep high C = 14.8
|Oct high C = 6.9
|Nov high C = -1.1
|Dec high C = -4.6
|year high C = 8.3
|Jan low C = -13.0
|Feb low C = -12.2
|Mar low C = -6.3
|Apr low C = 2.3
|May low C = 7.6
|Jun low C = 12.5
|Jul low C = 14.1
|Aug low C = 11.9
|Sep low C = 6.8
|Oct low C = 1.2
|Nov low C = -5.8
|Dec low C = -10.3
|year low C = 0.7
|Jan record low C = -41.2
|Feb record low C = -37.2
|Mar record low C = -28.3
|Apr record low C = -19.7
|May record low C = -6.9
|Jun record low C = -1.8
|Jul record low C = 5.1
|Aug record low C = 0.9
|Sep record low C = -5.4
|Oct record low C = -16.0
|Nov record low C = -29.4
|Dec record low C = -41.4
|year record low C = -41.4
|Jan precipitation mm = 40
|Feb precipitation mm = 33
|Mar precipitation mm = 28
|Apr precipitation mm = 36
|May precipitation mm = 52
|Jun precipitation mm = 64
|Jul precipitation mm = 76
|Aug precipitation mm = 67
|Sep precipitation mm = 57
|Oct precipitation mm = 59
|Nov precipitation mm = 56
|Dec precipitation mm = 50
|year precipitation mm = 618
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{Cite web
| url = http://pogoda.ru.net/climate/27459.htm | title = Pogoda.ru.net| accessdate = September 8, 2007
| publisher = | language = Russian}}</ref>
|date = August 2010}}

===Notes===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commonscat|Nizhny Novgorod}}
*[http://www.admcity.nnov.ru/english/ Nizhny Novgorod Ceety Govrenment wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060717140321/http://www.admcity.nnov.ru/english/ |date=2006-07-17 }} {{en icon}}

{{Ceeties an touns in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast}}

[[Category:Nizhny Novgorod| ]]
[[Category:Populatit places on the Volga]]
[[Category:1221 establishments]]
[[Category:Umwhile naitional caipitals]]