Interval arithmetic
Interval arithmetic is a computer arithmetic for (mathematical) intervals[1][2][3].
Definition[eedit | eedit soorce]
For real intervals (interval o real numbers), interval arithmetic is defined as follows:[1][2][3]
- Addition:
- Subtraction:
- Multiplication:
- Division:
![{\displaystyle [x_{1},x_{2}]+[y_{1},y_{2}]=[x_{1}+y_{1},x_{2}+y_{2}]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3b542d7b116e1934f6f7cba9ef63333cc26a77e3)
![{\displaystyle [x_{1},x_{2}]-[y_{1},y_{2}]=[x_{1}-y_{2},x_{2}-y_{1}]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/85c4d944e4f5856cca9f868e7f42649a5ef8d30f)
![{\displaystyle [x_{1},x_{2}]\cdot [y_{1},y_{2}]=[\min(x_{1}y_{1},x_{1}y_{2},x_{2}y_{1},x_{2}y_{2}),\max(x_{1}y_{1},x_{1}y_{2},x_{2}y_{1},x_{2}y_{2})]}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/873a6844ded4d23bd1a4dd067105b62ea9d149b3)
![{\displaystyle {\frac {[x_{1},x_{2}]}{[y_{1},y_{2}]}}=[x_{1},x_{2}]\cdot {\frac {1}{[y_{1},y_{2}]}},}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1587a3bd99c9a574533aa4de686aec4ee5c7daa4)
- where
![{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}{\frac {1}{[y_{1},y_{2}]}}&=\left[{\tfrac {1}{y_{2}}},{\tfrac {1}{y_{1}}}\right]&&0\notin [y_{1},y_{2}]\\{\frac {1}{[y_{1},0]}}&=\left[-\infty ,{\tfrac {1}{y_{1}}}\right]\\{\frac {1}{[0,y_{2}]}}&=\left[{\tfrac {1}{y_{2}}},\infty \right]\\{\frac {1}{[y_{1},y_{2}]}}&=\left[-\infty ,{\tfrac {1}{y_{1}}}\right]\cup \left[{\tfrac {1}{y_{2}}},\infty \right]=[-\infty ,\infty ]&&0\in (y_{1},y_{2})\end{aligned}}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7af098b91d736602987dcd64d61be9848222b138)
Details[eedit | eedit soorce]
Applications[eedit | eedit soorce]
Interval arithmetic is mainly usit i the field o validatit numerics[4]. It is also usit i other technical areas[5].
Implementations[eedit | eedit soorce]
Syne the birth o interval arithmetic, many experts have made interval arithmetic programs. The most famous works are INTLAB (made wi MATLAB)[6], arb[7], JuliaIntervals[8][9], an kv[10].
Community[eedit | eedit soorce]
Thare are several international conferences aboot interval arithmetic. Ane o the most largest meetin is the International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic, and Validated Numerics[11][12][13]. Thare are also SWIM SWIM (Small Workshop on Interval Methods), PPAM (International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics), an REC (International Workshop on Reliable Engineering Computing).
References[eedit | eedit soorce]
- ↑ a b Mayer, G. (2017). Interval analysis: and automatic result verification. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
- ↑ a b Moore, R. E., Kearfott, R. B., & Cloud, M. J. (2009). Introduction to Interval Analysis. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
- ↑ a b Alefeld, G., & Mayer, G. (2000). Interval analysis: theory and applications. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 121(1-2), 421-464.
- ↑ Tucker, W. (2011). Validated Numerics: A Short Introduction to Rigorous Computations. Princeton University Press.
- ↑ Jaulin, L. Kieffer, M., Didrit, O. Walter, E. (2001). Applied Interval Analysis. Berlin: Springer.
- ↑ S.M. Rump: INTLAB - INTerval LABoratory. In Tibor Csendes, editor, Developments in Reliable Computing, pages 77-104. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999.
- ↑ Johansson, F. (2017). Arb: efficient arbitrary-precision midpoint-radius interval arithmetic. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 66(8), 1281-1292.
- ↑ Sanders, D. P., Benet, L., & Kryukov, N. (2016). The julia package ValidatedNumerics. jl and its application to the rigorous characterization of open billiard models. SCAN 2016, 124.
- ↑ ValidatedNumerics.jl: a new framework in Julia, David P. Sanders and Luis Benet, SCAN 2018.
- ↑ Overview of kv – a C++ library for verified numerical computation, Masahide Kashiwagi, SCAN 2018.
- ↑ Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic, and Validated Numerics 16th International Symposium, SCAN 2014, Würzburg, Germany, September 21-26, 2014. Revised Selected Papers. Editors: Marco Nehmeier, Jürgen Wolff von Gudenberg, Warwick Tucker. Published by Springer.
- ↑ 13th GAMM-IMACS International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic and Verified Numerical Computations (SCAN'2008), Proceedings of a meeting held 29 September - 3 October 2008, El Paso, Texas, USA. Special volume devoted to materials presented at SCAN 2012. Published by the Institute of Computational Technologies
- ↑ 12th GAMM-IMACS International Symposium on Scientific Computing, Computer Arithmetic and Validated Numerics (SCAN 2006), Proceedings of a meeting held 26-29 September 2006, Duisburg, Germany. Published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
External links[eedit | eedit soorce]
- Interval arithmetic (Wolfram Mathworld)
- Interval Methods from Arnold Neumaier Archived 2020-12-02 at the Wayback Machine
Workshops[eedit | eedit soorce]
- SWIM (Summer Workshop on Interval Methods)
- International Conference on Parallel Processing and Applied Mathematics
Libraries[eedit | eedit soorce]
- INTLAB, Institute for Reliable Computing Archived 2020-01-30 at the Wayback Machine
- Ball arithmetic by Joris van der Hoeven
- kv - a C++ Library for Verified Numerical Computation
- Arb - a C library for arbitrary-precision ball arithmetic
- Interval and related software Archived 2020-05-13 at the Wayback Machine