See soorce fer Hanoi

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Hanoi
|native_name = ''Thành phố Hà Nội''
|type = [[Municipalities o Vietnam|Municipality]]
|image_skyline = Hanoi Montage.jpg
|image_caption = (frae left) tap: [[Long Bien Brig]], river naur [[Perfume Pagoda]]; middle: [[Turtle Touer]], bottom: [[:en:Temple of Literature, Hanoi|Temple o Leeteratur]], [[Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum]], [[Hanoi Opera Hoose]]
|imagesize = 250px
|image_flag =
|image_blank_emblem     =
|blank_emblem_type      =Emblem o Hanoi
|blank_emblem_size      =100px
|image_map = LocationVietnamHaNoi3.png
|map_caption = Provincial location in Vietnam
|coordinates     = {{coord|21|2|0|N|105|51|00|E|region:VN|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m =
<!-- division -->
|subdivision_type = Kintra
|subdivision_name = {{flag|Vietnam}}
|subdivision_type1 = Central ceety
|subdivision_name1 = Hanoi
|parts_type = [[Destricts o Vietnam|Destricts]]
|parts_style=para
|p1 = 29
<!-- Politics -->
|government_type =
|leader_title1 = Pairty's Secretary (Bí thư Thành ủy)
|leader_name1 = [[Phạm Quang Nghị]]
|leader_title2 = Fowkcooncil's Preses (Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhân Dân)
|leader_name2 = [[Ngô Thị Doãn Thanh]]
|leader_title3 = Fowkcommittee's Preses (Chủ tịch Ủy ban Nhân Dân)
|leader_name3 = [[Nguyễn Thế Thảo]]
|established_title = Foondit, Caipital o the [[Đại Việt]]
|established_date = 1010
|established_title2 = Caipital o Vietnam
|established_date2 = 1 September 1945
|area_total_km2 = 3344.7
|area_urban_km2 = 186.22
|parts_type = [[Demonym]]
|parts_style=para
|p1 = Hanoians
|population_as_of = 2014
|population_note  =
|population_total = 7,087,700
|population_rank  = [[Leet o ceeties in Vietnam|2nt in Vietnam]]
|population_footnotes           =<ref name="Statistic office Hanoi">[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=512&idmid=5&ItemID=14277 Statistical Handbook of Vietnam 2014], General Statistics Office Of Vietnam</ref>
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi       = 
|population_metro               =
|population_density_metro_km2   =
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban               =
|population_density_urban_km2   =
|population_density_urban_mi2   =
|timezone = ICT
|utc_offset = +7
|postal_code_type = <!--ZIP code, Postcode, Postal code... -->
|postal_code = 10000
|website = [http://www.english.hanoi.gov.vn hanoi.gov.vn]
|footnotes =
}}
'''Hanoi''' ({{lang-vi|Hà Nội}}) {{audio|Ha_noi.ogg|pronunciation}}, estimatit population nearly 6.5 million (2009),<ref name="balita.ph">{{cite web|url = http://balita.ph/2009/08/15/vietnams-population-soars-to-85-8-million/|title = Vietnam's Population Soars|publisher = balita.ph|access-date = 2011-01-02|archive-date = 2013-07-03|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/6HqNmjoUB?url=http://balita.ph/2009/08/15/vietnams-population-soars-to-85-8-million/|url-status = dead}}</ref> is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an seicont-lairgest ceety o [[Vietnam]]. Frae 1010 till 1802, it wis the maist important poleetical centre o Vietnam. It wis eclipsed bi [[Huế]] durin the [[Nguyễn Dynasty]] as the caipital o Vietnam, but Hanoi servit as the caipital o [[French Indocheenae]] frae 1902 tae 1954. Frae 1954 tae 1976, it wis the caipital o [[North Vietnam]].

The ceety is locatit on the richt bank o the [[Red River (Vietnam)|Red River]]. Hanoi is locatit at 1,760&nbsp;km (1,090&nbsp;mi) north o [[Ho Chi Minh Ceety]].

==History==

=== Pre-history ===
Hanoi haes been inhabitit syne at least 3000 BC. Ane o the first kent permanent dounsets is the [[Co Loa Citadel|Co Loa citadel]] foondit aroond 200 BC.

Hanoi haes haed mony names throughoot history, aw o thaim o Sino-Vietnamese oreegin. Durin the Cheenese domination o Vietnam, it wis kent first as '''Long Biên''', than '''Tống Bình''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|宋|平}}}}, ''Sòngpíng'', "[[Liu Song Dynasty|Song]] Peace") an '''Long Đỗ''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|龍|肚}}}}, ''Lóngdù'', "Dragonbelly"). In 866, it wis turned intae a citadel an namit '''Đại La''' ({{zh|c={{linktext|大|羅}}}}, ''Dàluó'', "Big Net").

=== Thăng Long, Đông Đô, Đông Quan, Đông Kinh ===
In 1010, [[Ly Thai To]], the first ruler o the [[Lý Dynasty]], muivit the caipital o [[Đại Việt]] tae the steid o the Đại La Citadel. Claimin tae hae seen a draigon ascendin the Reid River, he renamit the site '''Thăng Long''' ({{linktext|昇|龍}}, "Risin Dragon") - a name still uised poetically tae this day. Thăng Long remained the caipital o Đại Việt till 1397, when it wis muivit tae [[Thanh Hóa]], than kent as Tây Đô ({{linktext|西|都}}), the "Wastren Caipital". Thăng Long than became '''Đông Đô''' ({{linktext|東|都}}), the "Eastren Caipital."

In 1408, the Cheenese [[Ming Dynasty]] attackit an occupee'd Vietnam, chyngin Đông Đô's name tae "Eastren Gatewa" ({{zh|c={{linktext|東|關}}}}, ''Dōngguān''), '''Đông Quan''' in Vietnamese. In 1428, the Vietnamese owerthrew the Cheenese unner the leadership o [[Lê Lợi]], whae later foondit the [[Lê Dynasty]] an renamed Đông Quan '''Đông Kinh''' ({{linktext|東|京}}, "Eastren Caipital") or [[Tonkin]]. Richt efter the end o the [[Tây Sơn Dynasty]], it wis namit '''Bắc Thành''' ({{linktext|北|城}}, "Northren Citadel").

=== Durin Nguyễn Dynasty an French colonial era ===
In 1802, when the [[Nguyễn Dynasty]] wis established an muivit the caipital tae [[Huế]], the auld name Thăng Long wis modifee'd tae acome '''Thăng Long''' ({{linktext|昇|'''隆'''}}, "Ascendin & Flourishin"). In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor [[Minh Mạng]] renamit it Hà Nội ({{linktext|河|内}}, "Atween Rivers" or "River Interior"). Hanoi wis occupee'd bi the [[French Third Republic|French]] in 1873 an passed tae thaim ten year later. As '''Hanoï''', it became the caipital o [[French Indocheenae]] efter 1887.

=== Durin twa wars ===
The ceety wis occupee'd bi the Japanese in 1940 an leeberatit in 1945, whan it briefly became the seat o the [[Viet Minh]] govrenment efter [[Ho Chi Minh]] proclaimit the unthirldom o Vietnam. Housomeivver, the French returned an reoccupee'd the ceety in 1946. Efter nine year o fechtin atween the French an Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became the caipital o an unthirlt [[North Vietnam]] in 1954.

Durin the [[Vietnam War]], Hanoi's transportation facilities wur disruptit bi the bombin o brigs an railweys. Thir wur aw, housomeivver, promptly repaired. Follaein the end o the war, Hanoi became the caipital o a reunifee'd Vietnam whan North an [[Sooth Vietnam]] wur reunitit on 2 Julie 1976.

=== Modren Hanoi ===
On 29 Mey 2008, it wis decidit that [[Ha Tay Province]], [[Vĩnh Phúc Province|Vĩnh Phúc]]'s [[Mê Linh]] destrict an 4 communes o [[Lương Sơn Destrict]], [[Hoa Binh]] be mergit intae the metropolitan aurie o Hanoi frae 1 August 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html |work=National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency |title=Country files (GNS) |accessdate=2007-04-06 |archive-date=2012-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120823004343/http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/cntry_files.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hanoi's tot aurie than increased tae 334,470 hectares in 29 subdiveesions<ref name="dantri.com.vn">{{cite web
| url=http://dantri.com.vn/Sukien/Hon-90-dai-bieu-Quoc-hoi-tan-thanh-mo-rong-Ha-oi/2008/5/234655.vip
| title=Hơn 90% đại biểu Quốc hội tán thành mở rộng Hà Nội
| work=Dantri 
| accessdate=2008-05-29
}}</ref> wi the new population bein 6,232,940.,<ref name="dantri.com.vn"/> effectively triplin its size. The [[Hanoi Caipital Region]] ({{lang|vi|''Vùng Thủ đô Hà Nội''}}), a metropolitan aurie coverin Hanoi an 6 surroondin provinces unner its admeenistration, will hae a aurie o 13,436 square kilometres wi a population o 15 million bi 2020.

==Destricts==

Hanoi is dividit intae 10 inner destricts, 1 toun an 18 ooter destricts.<ref name="hanoi.gov.vn">{{cite web|url=http://www.hanoi.gov.vn/ |title=Cổng giao tiếp điện tử Thành Phố Hà Nội |publisher=Hanoi.gov.vn |date=2009-06-26 |accessdate=2010-06-18}}</ref> ( [[Hà Đông]] haes been transform tae an inner destrict, an [[Sơn Tây]] haes been degradit tae a toun)
[[File:Bản đồ Hà Nội.png|thumb]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-  style="font-size:120%;"
!colspan=5| Subdiveesions o Hanoi
|-
! Provincial Ceeties/Destricts<ref name="hanoi.gov.vn"/> !! Wairds<ref name="hanoi.gov.vn"/> !! Aurie (km<sup>2</sup>)<ref name="hanoi.gov.vn"/> !! Population<ref name="hanoi.gov.vn"/>
|-
| colspan=5 | ''1 toun''
|-
| [[Sơn Tây]] || 15 || 113.474 || 181,831
|-
| colspan=5 | ''10 Urban Destricts (Quận)''
|-
| [[Ba Dinh Destrict|Ba Đình]]|| 14 || 9.224 || 228,352
|-
| [[Cau Giay|Cầu Giấy]] || 8 || 12.04 || 147,000
|-
| [[Dong Da|Đống Đa]] || 21 || 9.96 || 352,000
|-
| [[Hai Ba Trung destrict|Hai Bà Trưng]]  || 20 || 14.6 || 378,000
|-
| [[Hà Đông]] || 17 || 47.917 || 198,687
|-
| [[Hoan Kiem|Hoàn Kiếm]]  || 18 || 5.29 || 178,073
|-
| [[Hoang Mai, Hanoi|Hoàng Mai]] || 14 || 41.04 || 216,277
|-
| [[Long Bien|Long Biên]] || 14 || 60.38 || 170,706
|-
| [[Tay Ho|Tây Hồ]] (West Lake) || 8 || 24 || 115,163
|-
| [[Thanh Xuan|Thanh Xuân]]  || 11 || 9.11 || 185,000
|-
| '''Subtotal''' || '''145''' || '''233.56''' || '''2,178,258'''
|-
| colspan=5 | ''18 Rural Destricts (Huyện)''
|-
| [[Ba Vi|Ba Vì]] || 31 + 1 toun || 428.0 || 242,600 (1999)
|-
| [[Chuong My|Chương Mỹ]] || 30 + 2 touns || 232.9 || 261,000 (1999)
|-
| [[Dan Phuong|Đan Phượng]] || 15 + 1 toun || 76.8 || 124,900
|-
| [[Dong Anh|Đông Anh]] || 23 + 1 toun || 182.3 || 276,750
|-
| [[Gia Lam|Gia Lâm]] || 20 + 2 touns || 114.0 || 205,275
|-
| [[Hoai Duc|Hoài Đức]] || 19 + 1 toun || 95.3 || 188,800
|-
| [[Mê Linh]] || 16 + 2 touns || 141.26 || 187,536 (2008)
|-
| [[My Duc|Mỹ Đức]] || 21 + 1 toun || 230.0 || 167,700 (1999)
|-
| [[Phu Xuyen|Phú Xuyên]] || 26 + 2 touns || 171.1 || 181,500
|-
| [[Phuc Tho|Phúc Thọ]] || 25 + 1 toun || 113.2 || 154,800 (2001)
|-
| [[Quoc Oai|Quốc Oai]] || 20 + 1 toun || 136.0 (2001) || 146,700 (2001)
|-
| [[Soc Son|Sóc Sơn]] || 25 + 1 toun || 306.51 || 254,000
|-
| [[Thach That|Thạch Thất]] || 22 + 1 toun || 128.1 || 149,000 (2003)
|-
| [[Thanh Oai]] || 20 + 1 toun || 129.6 || 142,600 (1999)
|-
| [[Thanh Tri|Thanh Trì]] (Green Ponds) || 15 + 1 toun || 98.22 || 241,000
|-
| [[Thuong Tin|Thường Tín]] || 28 + 1 toun || 127.7 || 208,000
|-
| [[Tu Liem|Từ Liêm]] || 15 + 1 toun || 75.32 || 240,000
|-
| [[Ung Hoa|Ứng Hòa]] || 28 + 1 toun || 183.72 || 193,731 (2005)
|-
| '''Subtotal''' || '''399 + 22 touns''' || '''3,266.186''' || '''3,872,851'''
|-
| '''Tot''' || '''559 + 22 touns''' || '''3,344.47''' || '''6,232,940'''
|}

== Internaitional relations ==
=== Twin touns — Sister ceeties ===
Hanoi is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] wi:
{{colbegin||18em}}
*{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Beijing]], [[Cheenae]]
*{{flagicon|KAZ}} [[Astana]], [[Kazakhstan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kazpravda.softdeco.net/c/1253012746 |author=Ilia Lobster |title=Astana-Hanoi: horizons of cooperation |publisher=KazPravda.kz |date=9 September 2009 |accessdate=9 October 2014 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong]], [[Hong Kong]]
*{{flagicon|TUR}} [[Ankara]], Turkey<ref name="Ankara twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.ankara-bel.gov.tr/AbbSayfalari/hizmet_birimleri/dis_dairesi_baskanligi/avrupa_gunu_kutlamasi.aspx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090114033014/http://www.ankara-bel.gov.tr/AbbSayfalari/hizmet_birimleri/dis_dairesi_baskanligi/avrupa_gunu_kutlamasi.aspx|title=Kardeş Kentleri Listesi ve 5 Mayıs Avrupa Günü Kutlaması ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|publisher= Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi – Tüm Hakları Saklıdır|archivedate=14 January 2009|accessdate=21 July 2013|language=Turkish}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsaw]], Poland<ref name="Warsaw">{{cite web|url=http://www.um.warszawa.pl/node/2920?page=0,3 |title=Miasta partnerskie Warszawy – Strona 4 |work=um.warszawa.pl |publisher=Biuro Promocji Miasta |date=4 May 2005 |accessdate=17 June 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927094318/http://www.um.warszawa.pl/node/2920?page=0%2C3 |archivedate=27 September 2011 |df= }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Toulouse]], Fraunce
*{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Fukuoka Prefectur]], Japan
*{{flagicon|THA}} [[Bangkok]], Thailand
*{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Roushie<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/07/hanoi-days-in-moscow-helps-sister.html |title=Hanoi Days in Moscow help sister cities |publisher=Vbusinessnews.com |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090113203758/https://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/07/hanoi-days-in-moscow-helps-sister.html |archivedate=13 January 2009 |df= }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|PHI}} [[Manila]], Philippines
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Angoulême]], Fraunce<ref name="Angoulême twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://www.cncd.fr/frontoffice/bdd-region.asp?action=getRegion&id=21#tabs3 |title=National Commission for Decentralised cooperation |accessdate=26 December 2013 |work=Délégation pour l'Action Extérieure des Collectivités Territoriales (Ministère des Affaires étrangères) |language=French }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|KOR}} [[Seoul]], Sooth Korea<ref name="Seoul twinnings2">{{cite web |url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html|title=International Cooperation: Sister Cities |accessdate=26 January 2008 |work=Seoul Metropolitan Government|publisher=www.seoul.go.kr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210175055/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gover/cooper/coo_02sis.html |archivedate=10 December 2007}}</ref><ref name="Seoul twinnings">{{cite web|url=http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120325052520/http://english.seoul.go.kr/gtk/cg/cityhall.php?pidx=6 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=25 March 2012 | title = Seoul -Sister Cities [via WayBackMachine]|accessdate=23 August 2013|work=Seoul Metropolitan Government (archived 2012-04-25)}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|CAM}} [[Phnom Penh]], [[Cambodia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.phnompenh.gov.kh/sister-cities.php |title=Sister Cities |publisher=Phnompenh.gov.kh |date= |accessdate=26 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823113543/http://www.phnompenh.gov.kh/sister-cities.php |archivedate=23 August 2013 |df= }}</ref>
*{{flagicon|IDN}} [[Jakarta]], Indonesie
*{{flagicon|IRN}} [[Isfahan]], Iran
*{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Montreal|Montreal, Quebec]], Canadae
*{{flagicon|SEY}} [[Victoria, Seychelles|Victoria]], Seychelles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://baodientu.chinhphu.vn/Tin-noi-bat/Thu-tuong-Nguyen-Tan-Dung-hoi-kien-Tong-thong-Seychelles/179774.vgp |title=Thủ tướng Nguyễn Tấn Dũng hội kiến Tổng thống Seychelles |accessdate=29 August 2013 |publisher=BÁO ĐIỆN TỬ CỦA CHÍNH PHỦ NƯỚC CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831142830/http://baodientu.chinhphu.vn/Tin-noi-bat/Thu-tuong-Nguyen-Tan-Dung-hoi-kien-Tong-thong-Seychelles/179774.vgp |archivedate=31 August 2013 |df= }}</ref>
{{colend}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Commonscat}}

[[Category:Caipitals in Asie]]
[[Category:Destrict caipitals in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Hanoi| ]]
[[Category:Red River Delta]]
[[Category:Provinces o Vietnam]]
[[Category:1010 establishments]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 11t century]]
[[Category:Port ceeties in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Vietnam]]
[[Category:1010s establishments in Asie]]


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{{Stub/Ceety}}