See soorce fer Dushanbe

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name        = Dushanbe
|nativename           = {{lang|tg|Душанбе}}
|image_skyline        = Dushanbe Presidential Palace 01.jpg
|imagesize            = 300px
|image_caption        = View o [[Preses o Tajikistan|Presidential Palace]]
|image_seal           = Coat of Arms of Dushanbe.png
|map_caption          = Location of Dushanbe in Tajikistan
|pushpin_map          = Tajikistan
|pushpin_mapsize      = 300
|subdivision_type     = [[Kintras o the warld|Kintra]]
|subdivision_name     = {{Flag|Tajikistan}}
|leader_title         = Mayor
|leader_name          = [[Rustam Emomali]]
|previous_names       = Дюшамбе (''Dyushanbe'', 1924–29),<br/>Сталинабад (''Stalinabad'', 1929–60)
|area_magnitude       = 1 E9
|area_total_km2       = 124.6
|area_land_km2        =
|area_water_km2       =
|population_as_of     = 2014
|population_footnotes =
<ref>''Population o the Republic o Tajikistan as o 1 Januar, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2012 {{ru icon}}</ref>
|population_total     = 778,500
|population_metro     = 1 051 200
|population_density_km2  = auto
|population_density_sq_mi= auto
|timezone             = [[Tajikistan Time]]
|utc_offset           = +5
|timezone_DST         = [[Tajikistan Time]]
|utc_offset_DST       = +5
|time_shift           = none
|coordinates          = {{coord|38|32|12|N|68|46|48|E|region:TJ|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m            = 706
|website              = {{URL|www.dushanbe.tj}}
|footnotes            =
}}
'''Dushanbe''' ({{lang-tg|Душанбе}}, ''Dushanbe''; '''Dyushambe''' till 1929, '''Stalinabad''' till 1961), population 679,400 fowk (2008 est.), is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] an lairgest ceety o [[Tajikistan]]. Dushanbe means "Monday" in [[Tajik leid|Tajik]],<ref>D. Saimaddinov, S. D. Kholmatova, an S. Karimov, ''Tajik-Russian Dictionary'', Academy or Sciences or the Republic or Tajikistan, Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature, Scientific Center for Persian-Tajik Culture, Dushanbe, 2006.</ref> an the name reflects the fact that the ceety grew on the site o a veelage that oreeginally wis a popular Monday [[marketplace]].

== History ==
Situatit on the confluence o twa rivers, [[Varzob River|Varzob]] an [[Kofarnihon River|Kofarnihon]], Dushanbe(دوشنبه) is the caipital o Tajikistan. Awtho archaeological remnants datin tae the 5t century BC hae been discovered in the aurie, thare is little tae suggest that Dushanbe wis mair nor a smaa veelage till aroond 80 years ago. In 1920, the last [[Emirate o Bukhara|Emir o Bukhara]] briefly tuik refuge in Dushanbe (then cawed Dyushambe) efter bein owerthrown bi the [[Bolshevik]] revolution. He fled tae [[Afghanistan]] efter the [[Red Airmy]] conquered the aurie the next year.



Dushanbe, that means "Monanday" in [[Persian leid|Persian,فارسی]], developt on the site o a Monday marketplace veelage, Dyushambe-Bozor,<ref>[http://www.diclib.com/cgi-bin/d1.cgi?l=ru&base=geo_rus&page=showid&id=1919 Dushanbe in ''Dictionary of Geographic Names''] {{ru icon}}</ref> an its umwhile name Dyushambe wis a [[Roussified]] version o the wird meanin "Monday" in [[Persian leid|Persian]]<ref>[[Francis Joseph Steingass]], [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/steingass/  ''A Comprehensive Persian-English Dictionary''], on-line edition</ref> (''du-shanbe'' frae ''du'' twa + ''shanbe'' Seturday, lit. "seicont day efter Seturday").  Follaein the Reid Airmy victory in Central Asie the veelage wis upgradit tae toun in 1925 an made the caipital o the newly creatit [[Tajik Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic]] (Tajik ASSR). Efter the transformation o Tajik ASSR tae [[Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic]] (Tajik SSR) in 1929, Dyushambe wis renamed Stalinabad, efter [[Joseph Stalin]]. As pairt o [[Nikita Khrushchev]]'s [[History o the Soviet Union (1953-1985)|de-Stalinization]] initiative, the ceety wis renamed Dushanbe in 1961.

The Soviets transformed the aurie intae a centre for cotton an silk production, an relocatit tens o thoosans o fowk tae the ceety frae aroond the Soviet Union. The population an aa increased wi thoosans o ethnic Tajiks migratin tae Tajikistan follaein the transfer o [[Bukhara]] an [[Samarkand]] tae the [[Uzbek SSR]]. A peaceful an relatively prosperous ceety unner Soviet rule, Dushanbe wis home tae a varsity an the [[Tajik Academy of Sciences]]. Severe riotin occurred in Februar 1990, efter it wis rumored that [[Govrenment o the Soviet Union|Moscow]] planned tae relocatit tens o thoosans o [[Armenie|Armenian]] refugees tae Tajikistan. [[Dushanbe riots]] wur primarily fueled bi concerns aboot hoosin shortages for the Tajik population, but thay coincidit wi a wave o naitionalist unrest that swept Transcaucasie an ither Central Asian states during the twilicht o [[Mikhail Gorbachev|Gorbachev]]'s era.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE0D8103EF930A25751C0A966958260 Ethnic rioting in Dushanbe], New York Times, 13 February 1990. Retrieved 18 October 2008</ref>
The ceety wis badly damaged as a result o the [[Ceevil War in Tajikistan]] (1992–1997) that sprang up in the naition shortly efter its unthirldom. Houever resurgences in the Tajik economy hae transformed Dushanbe intae a rapidly graein commercial, cultural an industrial centre. Mony multi-story apartment an office buildings wur constructit an the ceety wis bonnified during this period. Monuments an statues commemoratin the ceety's [[Persian Empire|Persian]] an [[Iran]]ian past wur erectit.

== Demographics ==
Dusanbe is currently made up o: 83.4% Tajiks, 9.1% Uzbeks, 5.1% Roushies, 2.4% ither.
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Population o Dushanbe
! Year !! Population
|-
! 1926
| 6,000
|-
! 1936
| 83,000
|-
! 1956
| 227,000
|-
! 1971
| 388,000
|-
! 1991
| 582,000
|-
! 2002
| 579,000
|-
! 2006
| 661,000
|}

<gallery widths="160">
File:Mosque in Dushanbe Tajikistan.jpg|Mosque in Dushanbe
File:Orthodox church in Dushanbe.jpg|Orthodox kirk in Dushanbe
</gallery>

== Destricts ==
[[File:Dushanbe districts.png|thumb|right|350px|Districts o Dushanbe]]

Dushanbe is dividit intae the follaein destricts:

<ol>
<li> Abu Ali Ibn Sina
<li> Firdawsi
<li> Ismail Somoni
<li> Shokhmansur
</ol>

{{Clear}}

== Climate ==
Despite the fact that it is locatit several hunders o miles away frae ony lairge body o watter, Dushanbe features a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: Csa). The simmers are het an dry an the winters are chilly, but no cauld. The climate is damper than ither Central Asian caipitals, wi an average annual rainfall well ower {{convert|500|mm|in|0}} but is still hichtlie continental an haes the het, dry simmers teepical o the region. Winters are no as cauld as further north awin tae the shieldin o the ceety bi moontain frae extremely cauld air frae [[Siberie]].

== Economy ==
[[File:Puppet theatre in Dushanbe.jpg|thumb|left|Theatre]]
[[Coal]], [[lead]], an [[arsenic]] are mined nearbi in the ceeties o [[Nurak|Nurek]] an [[Kulob]] allouin for the industrialization o Dushanbe. The [[Nurek Dam]], the warld's hichtest as o 2010, generates 95% of Tajikistan's electricity, an anither dam, the [[Roghun Dam]], is planned on the [[Vakhsh River]]. A leadin [[cotton]] [[textile]] centre, Dushanbe an aa produces [[silk]], machinery, electrical appliances, clothin, [[laither]] guids, tractor pairts, an foodstuffs. The ceety o Dushanbe is nou hame tae a nummer o modern telecommunications, aeronautic an ither business corporations addin vitality tae its economy. [[Tourism]] an [[ecotourism]] tae the Dushanbe region is a component o the ceety's service industry, which includes shoppin centers, cafes, restaurants, an hotels. Museums an theatres add a cultural element tae the economy.

== Buildings an attractions ==
[[File:Social Hall of the Synagogue of Dushanbe.jpg|thumb|right|175px|The umwhile [[Dushanbe Synagogue]]]]
[[File:Dushanbe government.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Dushanbe government building]]
* [[Dushanbe Airport]]
* [[Haji Yakoub Mosque]]
* [[Dushanbe Synagogue]] (destroyed in simmer 2008)
* [[Museum of Ethnography]]
* [[Tajikistan National Museum]] (Tajik Unified Museum)
* [[Naitional Museum o Antiquities o Tajikistan]]
* [[Vahdat Palace]]
* [[Palace of Nations (Tajikistan)|Palace of Nations]]
* [[Dushanbe Zoo]]
* [[Dushanbe Botanical Garden|Botanical Garden]]
* [[Dushanbe Opera]]
* [[Dushanbe Circus]]
* [[Gurminj Museum|Gurminj Museum of Muisical Instruments]] (Gurminj Museum)

== Education ==
[[File:Donishgohi Davlatii Millii Tojikiston.JPG|thumb|right|300px|[[Tajik State National University]]]]
Mony o the maist important varsities an institutes are based in Dushanbe:
* [[Tajik State Naitional University]]
* [[Tajikistan Humanitarian Internaitional University]]
* [[Agricultural University of Tajikistan]]
* [[Tajik State Medical University]]
* [[Tajik State Pedagogical University]]
* [[Tajik State University o Commerce]]
* [[Tajik University o Law, Business an Politics]]
* [[Tajik-Roushie Slavic University]]
* [[Tajikistan University o Technology]]
* [[Tajikistan-Roushie Modern University]]
* [[Technical University o Tajikistan]]

== Transport ==
The ceety is served bi [[Dushanbe Airport]].

== Sister ceeties ==
[[File:Dushanbe Vahdat Palace.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Palace o Unity|The Palace o Unity (Vahdat Palace)]]]]

Currently, Dushanbe haes 14 [[twin touns an sister ceeties|sister ceeties]].
* {{flagicon|Zambia}} [[Lusaka]], [[Zambie]] (1966)
* {{flagicon|Yemen}} [[Sana'a]], [[Yemen]] (25 Juin 1967)
* {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Monastir, Tunisie|Monastir]], [[Tunisie]] (24 November 1967)
* {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Klagenfurt]], [[Austrick]] (1972)
* {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Lahore]], [[Pakistan]] (15 September 1976)
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Boulder, Colorado|Boulder]], [[Unitit States|USA]] (8 Mey 1987)
* {{flagicon|Afghanistan}} [[Mazar-i-Sharif]], [[Afghanistan]] (13 Julie 1991)
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Reutlingen]], [[Germany]] (5 October 1991)
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Saunt Petersburg]], [[Roushie]] (6 October 1991)
* {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Shiraz]], [[Iran]] (16 Februar 1992)
* {{flagicon|Belarus}} [[Minsk]], [[Belaroushie]] (21 Julid 1998)
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Ürümqi]], [[Fowkrepublic o Cheenae|Cheenae]] (10 September 1999)
* {{flagicon|Iran}} [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] (12 Mairch 2001)
* {{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]] (11 December 2003)

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.dushanbepics.blogspot.com Dushanbe pictures through eyes o wastrener]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20010616013448/http://www.traveltajikistan.com/maps/dushanbe.jpg Dushanbe street map]
* [http://www.iranica.com/articles/v7/v7f6/v7f641.html Encyclopedia Iranica airticle on Dushanbe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112082602/http://www.iranica.com/articles/v7/v7f6/v7f641.html |date=2012-01-12 }}
* [http://www.wikimapia.org/#y=38570000&x=68780000&z=13&l=0&m=h Dushanbe on wikimapia]
* [http://www.tajik-gateway.org/index.phtml?lang=en&id=893 Tajik Web Gateway]
* [http://www.tajik-gateway.org/images/country/dusgerb_t.jpg Dushanbe Ceety Coat o Airms]
* [http://www.boulder-dushanbe.org/ Boulder-Dushanbe Sister Ceeties]
* [http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/steam/asiawest.htm#Tajikistan Steam Locomotive in a Dushanbe Pairk near the main railway station] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623125931/http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/steam/asiawest.htm#Tajikistan |date=2012-06-23 }}

[[Category:Dushanbe| ]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Tajikistan]]
[[Category:Caipitals in Asie]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Central Asie]]