See soorce fer Cleveland

[[Image:Flats - 1 (13966708395).jpg|thumb|250px|Dountoun Cleveland seen fae Tremont neeburheid]]
'''Cleveland''' ({{lang-en|ˈkliːvlənd|pron}}) is a [[city]] in the U.S. state o [[Ohio]] an is the [[coonty seat]] o [[Cuyahoga Coonty, Ohio|Cuyahoga Coonty]],{{GR|6}} the maist populous coonty in the state. The municipality is locatit in northeastren Ohio on the soothren shore o [[Lake Erie]], approximately 60 mile (97&nbsp;km) wast o the [[Pennsylvania]] border. It wis foondit in 1796 near the mooth o the [[Cuyahoga River]], an becam a [[manufacturin]] centre awin tae its location at the heid o numerous [[canal]]s an [[Rail transport in the Unitit States|railwey]] lines. Wi the decline o [[hivy industry|hivy manufacturin]], Cleveland's businesses hae diversified intae the [[tertiary sector o industry|service economy]], includin the financial services, [[insurance]], [[practice o law|legal]], an [[Health care in the Unitit States|healcare]] sectors. Cleveland is an aa hame tae the [[Rock and Roll Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.rockhall.com/visit |publisher= Rock and Roll Hall of Fame | title= Visitor Information| accessdate= 2007-05-14}}</ref>

As o the [[2000 Unitit States Census|2000 Census]], the ceety proper haed a tot population o 478,403, an wis the 33rd [[Leet o Unitit States ceeties bi population|mucklemaist city]] in the Unitit States (nou estimatit as the 43rd mucklemaist due tae declines in population)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t5/tab02.txt |title=Census 2000 PHC-T-5. Ranking Tables for Incorporated Places of 100,000 or More: 1990 and 2000 |date=2001-04-02 |accessdate=2007-08-07 |author=[[United States Census Bureau]] |work=[[United States Census, 2000]]}}</ref> an the seicont mucklemaist [[Leet o ceeties in Ohio|ceety in Ohio]]. The ceety's population haes been shrinkin syne it peaked at 914,808 in 1950.<ref>{{cite web |author=Cleveland City Planning Commission |title=Population Trends |url=http://planning.city.cleveland.oh.us/cwp/pop_trend.php |work=Connecting Cleveland: 2020 Citywide Plan |accessdate=November 18, 2010}}</ref> It is the centre o [[Greater Cleveland]], the lairgest [[metropolitan aurie]] in Ohio. The Cleveland-[[Elyria, Ohio|Elyria]]-[[Mentor, Ohio|Mentor]] [[Unitit States metropolitan aurie|Metropolitan Statistical Aurie]] that in 2000 rankit as the 23rd lairgest in the Unitit States wi 2,250,871 fowk. Cleveland is an aa pairt o the lairger Cleveland-[[Akron, Ohio|Akron]]-Elyria [[Combined Statistical Aurie]], that in 2000 haed a population o 2,945,831, an rankit as the kintra's 14t lairgest.<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=gct&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US25&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-10%7CUS-10S&-_lang=en United States and Puerto Rico -- Metropolitan Area] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521085340/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-CONTEXT=gct&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US25&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-10%7CUS-10S&-_lang=en |date=2011-05-21 }} GCT-PH1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000, [[United States Census Bureau]], [[2000 United States Census|Census 2000]]. Retrieved on 2007-05-09.</ref>

Suburbanisation chynged the ceety in the late 1960s an 1970s, whan financial difficulties an a notorious 1969 fire on the Cuyahoga River challenged the ceety. The ceety haes wirked tae improve its [[infrastructur]], diversify its economy, an invest in the airts iver syne, an nou Cleveland is considered a exemplar for [[public-private pairtnership]]s, dountoun revitalisation, an [[urban renaissance]].  In studies conductit bi ''[[The Economist]]'' in 2005 Cleveland wis rankit as ane o the maist [[quality o life|livable]] ceeties in the Unitit States,<ref>{{cite press release|url= http://store.eiu.com/index.asp?layout=pr_story&press_id=660001866&ref=pr_list|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060428080311/http://store.eiu.com/index.asp?layout=pr_story&press_id=660001866&ref=pr_list|archivedate= 2006-04-28|title= Vancouver tops liveability ranking according to a new survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit|publisher= Economist|accessdate= 2005-10-11|url-status= live}}</ref> an the ceety wis rankit as the best ceety for business meetins in the continental U.S.<ref>Copestake, Jon. [http://www.economist.com/theworldin/business/displayStory.cfm?story_id=5149435 "Where business is a pleasure."] [[The Economist]]. (2005-12-23)</ref> The ceety faces continuin challenges, in parteecular frae concentratit [[poverty]] in some neeburheids an difficulties in the fundin an delivery o heich-quality [[public education]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.city.cleveland.oh.us/business_center/RFP/PDF/CityofClevelandMWN.pdf | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080308143326/http://www.city.cleveland.oh.us/business_center/RFP/PDF/CityofClevelandMWN.pdf | archivedate = 2008-03-08 | format = PDF | title = Request For Proposals: Finance, Design, Build, Manage, Operate, Maintain, Repair and Upgrade A Citywide Municipal Wireless Broadband Network Infrastructure | publisher = City of Cleveland Municipal Wireless Network RFP | page = Page 17 | date = April 20, 2007 | accessdate = 2007-08-01 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

Residents o Cleveland are cried ''[[Leet o fowk frae Cleveland, Ohio|Clevelanders]]''.  Nicknames for the ceety include "[[The Forest Ceety]]",<ref name="Nicknames Group">{{cite web|author=Marshall, Alli|date=January 24, 2007|title=Of Cleveland, by Cleveland, for Cleveland (and the world)|url=http://www.mountainx.com/ae/2007/0124orchestra.php|work=MountainX.com: Asheville Arts and Entertainment|publisher=[[Mountain Xpress]]|accessdate=July 5, 2010|quote=Nicknames include the 'Forest City,' 'Metropolis of the Western Reserve', and 'C-Town.'}}
*{{Cite web|first=Anne|last=Neville|date=August 16, 2009|title=Buffalo by any other name|url=http://www.buffalonews.com/life/article8221.ece|work=[[The Buffalo News|Buffalo News.com]]|publisher=The Buffalo News|accessdate=October 25, 2010|quote=Cleveland has been called by many titles, including The Forest City, The Metropolis of the Western Reserve and The Rock 'n' Roll Capital of the World.  The city is has also been called 'C-Town'…}}</ref> "Metropolis of the Western Reserve",<ref name="Nicknames Group"/> "Saxt Ceety",<ref name="Sixth City">{{cite news|date=October 11, 1937|title=Ohio: Sixth City|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,770907,00.html|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time.com]]|publisher=Time Inc|accessdate=July 5, 2010|archive-date=2011-07-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713054321/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,770907,00.html|url-status=dead}}
*{{Cite news|title=Cleveland Court Winner: Sixth City Gets Permanent Possession of Inter-Lake Trophy|date=August 3, 1919|url=http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B06E7DE1738E13ABC4B53DFBE668382609EDE&oref=slogin|work=[[The New York Times]]|publisher=The New York Times Company|accessdate=July 6, 2010|format=PDF}}</ref> an 'The Rock 'n' Roll Caipital o the Warld'.<ref name="Nicknames Group"/><ref name="Rock 'n' Roll Cleveland Encyclopedia">{{cite web|url=http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=RR|title=Rock 'n' Roll|year=2009|work=The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History|publisher=[[Case Western Reserve University]]|accessdate=June 22, 2010}}</ref>

Due tae [[Lake Erie|Lake Erie's]] northren mairch wi the ceety, the Cleveland aurie is an aa referred tae bi residents an local businesses as "The North Coast".

== Internaitional relations ==
=== Sister ceeties ===
Cleveland haes twinty [[twin touns an sister ceeties|sister ceeties]]:<ref name="sistercities">Sister Cities information obtained from [https://web.archive.org/web/20080126173303/http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/usa/OH Online Directory: Ohio, USA.] Sister Cities International, Inc. Retrieved on July 11, 2007.</ref>
{|
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
|
*{{Flagicon|Egypt}} [[Alexandria]] ([[Egyp]])
*{{Flagicon|Ethiopia}} [[Bahir Dar]] ([[Ethiopie]])
*{{Flagicon|India}} [[Bangalore]] ([[Indie]])
*{{Flagicon|Romania}} [[Braşov]] ([[Romanie]])
*{{Flagicon|Slovakia}} [[Bratislava]] ([[Slovakie]])<ref name="Bratislava">{{cite web|url=http://www.bratislava-city.sk/bratislava-twin-towns|title=''Bratislava City - Twin Towns''|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2003–2009 Bratislava-City.sk|accessdate=2009-07-07}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|Israel}} [[Beit She'an]] ([[Israel]]) <small>''syne 1995''</small> <ref name="Cleveland">{{cite web|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2008/05/cleveland_jews_support_israel.html|title=Cleveland Jews support Israel generously|work=cleveland.com|accessdate=2009-02-08}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|UK}} [[Cleveland, Ingland]] ([[Unitit Kinrick]])
*{{Flagicon|Guinea}} [[Conakry]] ([[Guinea]])
*{{Flagicon|Albania}} [[Fier]] ([[Albanie]])
* {{Flagicon|Poland}} [[Gdańsk]] ([[Poland]]) <small>''syne 1990''</small><ref name="Gdańsk">{{cite web|url=http://www.gdansk.pl/samorzad,62,733.html|title=Gdańsk Official Website: 'Miasta partnerskie'|publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2009 [http://www.gdansk.pl/ Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku]|language=Polish & English|accessdate=2009-07-11|archive-date=2013-07-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723091807/http://www.gdansk.pl/samorzad%2C62%2C733.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|Nigeria}} [[Ibadan]] ([[Nigerie]])
||
||
*{{Flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Klaipėda]] ([[Lithuanie]])
*{{Flagicon|Peru}} [[Lima]] ([[Peru]])
*{{Flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Ljubljana]] ([[Slovenie]])
*{{Flagicon|Hungary}} [[Miskolc]] ([[Hungary]])
*{{Flagicon|Italy}} [[Nettuno]] ([[Italy]])
*{{Flagicon|France}} [[Rouen]] ([[Fraunce]])<ref>{{cite news|url=http://blog.cleveland.com/business/2008/04/it_was_the_war_to.html|title=Cleveland hopes to gain from century-old link to Rouen, France|last=Roguski|first=Randy|date=2008-08-10|publisher=Plain Dealer|accessdate=2009-09-26}}</ref>
*{{Flagicon|El Salvador}} [[Meanguera, Morazán|Segundo Montes]] ([[El Salvador]])
*{{Flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Taipei]] ([[Republic o Cheenae]])
*{{Flagicon|Russia}} [[Volgograd]] ([[Roushie]])
*{{Flagicon|Ireland}} [[Achill Island]] ([[Ireland]])
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Cleveland, Ohio}}
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[[Category:Cleveland| ]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Ohio]]
[[Category:Coonty seats in Ohio]]
[[Category:Ceeties in Cuyahoga Coonty, Ohio]]
[[Category:Port dounsets in the Unitit States]]
[[Category:Populatit places in Ohio wi African American majority populations]]
[[Category:Populatit places on the Great Lochs]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in 1796]]


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