See soorce fer Achaemenid Empire

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

{{Infobox former country
|native_name            = امپراطوری بزرگ هخامنشیان
|conventional_long_name = Achaemenid Empire
|common_name        = Persie
|
|continent              = Afroeurasie
|region                 = Near East
|country                = [[Persie]]
|era                    = [[Clessical antiquity]]
|government_type        = [[Feudalism|Feudal]] [[Monarchy]]
||year_start            = 550 BC
|year_end               = 330 BC
|life_span              = 550 BC–330 BC
|event_start            = [[Persie Revolt]]
|date_start             = 
|event_end              = [[Wars o Alexander the Great|Faw tae Macedonie]]
|date_end               = 
|event1                 = [[Battle o Thymbra|Conquest o Lydia]] 
|date_event1            = 547 BC
|event2                 = [[Battle o Opis|Conquest o Babylon]]
|date_event2            = 539 BC
|event3                 = [[Battle o Pelusium (525 BC)|Conquest o Egyp]]
|date_event3            = 525 BC
|event4                 = [[Greco-Persie Wars]]
|date_event4            = 499–449 BC
|event5                 = [[Battle o Pelusium (343 BC)|Seicont conquest o Egyp]]
|date_event5            = 343 BC
|
|p1                     = Median Empire
|flag_p1                = Median Empire.jpg
|p2                     = Neo-Babylonian Empire
|flag_p2                = Neo-Babylonian Empire.png
|p3                     = Lydia
|flag_p3                = Map Anatolia ancient regions-en.svg
|p4                     = Twenty-saxt dynasty o Egyp
|flag_p4                = Ancient Egypt map-en.svg
|p5                     = Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
|flag_p5                = Vergina Sun WIPO.svg   
|p6                     = Gandhara kingdom
|flag_p6                =      
|p7                     = Sogdia
|flag_p7                =
|p8                     = Massagetae
|flag_p8                =
|s1                     = Macedonian Empire
|flag_s1                = Vergina Sun WIPO.svg
|border_s1              = no
|s2                     = Twenty-aicht Dynasty o Egyp
|flag_s2                = 
|
|image_flag             = Achaemenid Falcon.svg|200px
|flag                   = 
|flag_type              = 
|image_coat             = 
|symbol                 = 
|symbol_type            = 
|image_map              = Achemenids500BC.png
|image_map_caption      = Greatest territorial extent o the Achaemenid Empire <br> Hauldin warld record for reignin ower nearly hauf of the population o the warld at the time.
|
|capital                = [[Babylon]]<ref name=EY>{{cite book|last=Yarshater|first=Ehsan|authorlink=Ehsan Yarshater|title=The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3|year=1993|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|isbn=978-0-521-20092-9|page=482|quote=Of the four residences of the Achaemenids named by [[Herodotus]] — [[Ecbatana]], [[Pasargadae]] or [[Persepolis]], [[Susa]] and [[Babylon]] — the last [situated in Iraq] was maintained as their most important capital, the fixed winter quarters, the central office of bureaucracy, exchanged only in the heat of summer for some cool spot in the highlands. Under the [[Seleucid Empire|Seleucids]] and the [[Parthian Empire|Parthians]] the site of the Mesopotamian capital moved a little to the north on the [[Tigris]] — to [[Seleucia]] and [[Ctesiphon]]. It is indeed symbolic that these new foundations were built from the bricks of ancient [[Babylon]], just as later [[Baghdad]], a little further upstream, was built out of the ruins of the [[Sassanid Empire|Sassanian]] double city of [[Al-Mada'in|Seleucia-Ctesiphon]].}}</ref> (main caipital),  [[Pasargadae]], [[Ecbatana]], [[Susa]], [[Persepolis]]
|common_languages       = [[Auld Persie|Persie]]{{anchor|infoa}}<sup>[[#inforefa|[a]]]</sup><br>[[Imperial Aramaic|Aramaic]]{{anchor|infob}}<sup>[[#inforefb|[b]]]</sup><br>[[Akkadian leid|Akkadian]]<ref>{{cite book| author = Harald Kittel, [[Juliane House]], Brigitte Schultze|author2=Juliane House|author3=Brigitte Schultze| title = Traduction: encyclopédie internationale de la recherche sur la traduction| url = https://books.google.com/?id=oD0dBqGDNscC| year = 2007| publisher = Walter de Gruyter| isbn = 978-3-11-017145-7| pages = 1194–5 }}</ref><br>[[Median leid|Median]]<br>[[Auncient Greek|Greek]]<ref name="Iranian, E. Tucker 2001">''Greek and Iranian'', E. Tucker, ''A History of Ancient Greek: From the Beginnings to Late Antiquity'', ed. Anastasios-Phoivos Christidēs, Maria Arapopoulou, Maria Chritē, (Cambridge University Press, 2001), 780.</ref><br />[[Elamite leid|Elamite]]<br> [[Sumerian leid|Sumerian]]{{anchor|infoc}}<sup>[[#inforefc|[c]]]</sup>
|religion               = [[Zoroastrianism]], [[Babylonian releegion|Babylonian]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Boiy|first=T.|title=Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon|year=2004|publisher=Peeters Publishers|isbn=978-90-429-1449-0|page=101}}</ref>
|currency               = [[Daric]], [[Siglos]]
|
|leader1                = [[Cyrus the Great]]
|leader2                = [[Darius III o Persie|Darius III]]
|year_leader1           = 559–529 BC
|year_leader2           = 336–330 BC
|title_leader           = xšāyaϑiya (Keeng) or xšāyaϑiya xšāyaϑiyānām (Keeng o Keengs)
|
|stat_year1             = 500 BC
|stat_area1             = 8500000
|stat_pop1              = 50000000
|ref_pop1               = <ref name="1996, p. 47">Yarshater ([https://books.google.com/books?id=WBAZAQAAIAAJ&q=%28Meyer+p.85%29 1996, p. 47])</ref>
|today                  = {{Collapsible list |titlestyle=font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;|title=Countries today|
{{flag|Abkhazie}} (''de facto'')|{{flag|Afghanistan}}|{{flag|Armenie}}|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}|{{flag|Bahrain}}<ref name="Mojtahed-Zadeh">''Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf: A Maritime Political Geography'' by Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh, page 119</ref>|{{flag|Bulgarie}}|{{flag|Cyprus}}|{{flag|Egyp}}|{{flag|Eritrea}}|{{flag|Georgie}}|{{flag|Greece}}|{{flag|Iran}}|{{flag|Iraq}}|{{flag|Israel}}|{{flag|Jordan}}|{{flag| Kazakhstan}}|{{flag|Kuwait}}|{{flag| Kyrgyzstan}}|{{flag|Lebanon}}|{{flag|Libie}}| {{flag|Macedonie}}|{{flag|Oman}}<ref name="livius.org">http://www.livius.org/maa-mam/maka/maka.html</ref><ref name="behi">[[Behistun Inscription]]</ref>|{{flag|Nagorno-Karabakh}} (''de facto'')|{{flag|Northren Cyprus}} (''de facto'')|{{flag|Pakistan}}|{{flagicon|Palestine}} [[State o Palestine|Palestine]]|{{flag|Qatar}}|{{flag|Romanie}}|{{flag|Roushie}}|{{flag|Saudi Arabie}}|{{flag|Sooth Ossetie}} (''de facto'')|{{flag|Sudan}}|{{flag|Sirie}}|{{flag| Tajikistan}}|{{flag|Turkey}}|{{flag|Turkmenistan}}|{{flag|Unitit Arab Emirates}}<ref name="livius.org"/><ref name="behi"/>|{{flag|Ukraine}}|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}|{{flag|Yemen}}
}}
|footnotes              = {{anchor|inforefa}}a. '''[[#infoa|^]]''' Native leid.<br/>{{anchor|inforefb}}b. '''[[#infob|^]]''' Offeecial leid an ''lingua franca''.<ref>Josef Wiesehöfer, ''Ancient Persia'', (I.B. Tauris Ltd, 2007), 119.</ref><br/>{{anchor|inforefc}}c. '''[[#infoc|^]]''' Leeterary leid in Babylonie.
}}
The '''Achaemenid Empire''', cried the {{nowrap|'''First Persie Empire'''}}<ref name=GCS>{{cite book|last=Sampson|first=Gareth C.|title=The Defeat of Rome: Crassus, Carrhae and the Invasion of the East|url=https://archive.org/details/defeatofromecras0000samp|year=2008|publisher=[[Pen and Sword Books|Pen & Sword Books Limited]]|isbn=9781844156764|page=[https://archive.org/details/defeatofromecras0000samp/page/33 33]|quote=Cyrus the Great, founder of the First Persian Empire (c. 550–330 BC).}}</ref> an aw, wis an [[empire]] based in [[Wastren Asie]], foondit bi [[Cyrus the Great]], notable for embracin various ceevilisations an acomin the lairgest empire o the [[auncient history]], spannin at its maximum extent frae the [[Balkans]] an [[Eastren Europe]] proper in the wast, tae the [[Indus Valley]] in the east. It wis [[Leet o lairgest empires|lairger]] nor ony previous empire in history, spannin 5.5<ref name="Turchin">{{cite journal |last1=Turchin|first1=Peter|last2=Adams|first2=Jonathan M.|last3=Hall|first3=Thomas D | title = East-West Orientation of Historical Empires | journal = Journal of World-systems Research|date=December 2006 |volume=12|issue=2 |page=223 |url =http://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/index.php/jwsr/article/view/369/381|accessdate=12 September 2016 |issn= 1076-156X}}</ref><ref name="Taagepera">{{cite journal|last1=Taagepera|first1=Rein|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D|journal=Social Science History|date=1979|volume=3|issue=3/4|page=121|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959}}</ref> (or 8<ref name="Brzezinski">{{Cite book|url=https://www.otvoroci.com/uploads/3/8/0/5/38053843/strategic_vision__america_and_the_crisis_of_global_power.pdf|title=Strategic vision : America and the crisis of globalpower|last=Brzezinski|first=Zbigniew|date=2012|publisher=Basic Books|ISBN=978-0465029556|location=New York|OCLC=787847809}}</ref>) million squerr kilometers. Incorporatin various fowks o different oreegins an faiths, it is notable for its successfu model o a centralised, bureaucratic admeenistration (throu [[satrap]]s unner the [[Keeng o Keengs]]), for biggin infrastructur sic as [[Ryal Road|road systems]] an a [[Chapar Khaneh|postal seestem]], the uise o an [[offeecial leid]] athort its territories, an the development o ceevil services an a lairge perfaisional airmy. The empire's successes inspired seemilar seestems in later empires.<ref name=schmitt-EI-i>[[#refachaemenids-EI|Schmitt]] Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan an dynasty)</ref>

Bi the 7t century BC, the [[Persie fowk|Persies]] haed settled in the sooth-wastren portion o the [[Iranian Plateau]] in the region o [[Persis]],<ref>http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/opeol-MG-X.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218163028/http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/opeol-MG-X.html |date=2016-02-18 }} Macdonell and Keith, Vedic Index. This is based on the evidence ofan [[Assirie]] inscription o 844 BC referrin tae the Persies as ''Paršu'', an the [[Behistun Inscription]] o [[Darius I]] referrin tae ''Pārsa'' as the aurie o the Persies. Radhakumud Mookerji (1988). ''Chandragupta Maurya and His Times'' (p. 23). Motilal Banarsidass Publ. {{ISBN|8120804058}}.</ref> that cam tae be thair hertland.<ref name=book>{{cite book| author = David Sacks |author2=Oswyn Murray |author3=Lisa R. Brody|author4=Oswyn Murray|author5=Lisa R. Brody| title = Encyclopedia of the ancient Greek world| url = https://books.google.com/?id=gsGmuQAACAAJ| year = 2005| publisher = Infobase Publishing| isbn = 978-0816057221| page = 256}}</ref> Frae this region, Cyrus the Great advanced tae defeat the [[Medes]], [[Lydia]], an the [[Neo-Babylonian Empire]], establishin the Achaemenid Empire. [[Alexander the Great]], an avid admirer o Cyrus the Great,<ref name="Ulrich">{{cite book| author = Ulrich Wilcken| title = Alexander the Great| url = https://books.google.com/?id=WiSZM-LYsk4C| year = 1967| publisher = W.W. Norton & Company| isbn = 978-0393003819| page = 146}}</ref> conquered maist o the empire bi 330 BC.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|author-link=Rein Taagepera|date=1979|title=Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D|url=|journal=Social Science History|volume=3|issue=3/4|page=123|doi=10.2307/1170959|jstor=1170959|quote=A superimposition of the maps of Achaemenid and Alexander's empires shows a 90% match, except that Alexander's realm never reached the peak size of the Achaemenid realm.}}</ref> Upon Alexander's daiath, maist o the empire's umwhile territory cam unner the rule o the [[Ptolemaic Kinrick]] an [[Seleucid Empire]], in addeetion tae ither minor territories that gained unthirldom at that time. The Iranian elites o the central plateau reclaimed pouer bi the seicont century BC unner the [[Parthian Empire]].<ref name="book" />

The Achaemenid Empire is notit in Western history as the antagonist o the [[polis|Greek ceety-states]] in the [[Greco-Persie Wars]] an for the emancipation o the [[Babylonian captivity|Jewish exiles in Babylon]]. The historical merk o the empire went far ayont its territorial an militar influences an includit cultural, social, technological an releegious influences as weel. Despite the [[Greco-Persie Wars|lastin conflict atween the twa states]], mony [[Athens|Athenians]] adoptit Achaemenid customs in their daily leeves in a reciprocal cultural exchynge,<ref>{{cite book| author = Margaret Christina Miller| title = Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity| url = https://books.google.com/?id=oGXMMD5rXBQC| year = 2004| publisher = Cambridge University Press| isbn = 978-0521607582| page = 243}}</ref> some bein employed bi or allied tae the Persie kings. The impact o [[Cyrus's edict]] is mentioned in Judeo-Christian texts, an the empire wis instrumental in the spread o [[Zoroastrianism]] as far east as Cheenae. The empire set the tone for the politics, heritage an history o [[Iran|Iran (forby official-like kent as Persie)]] an aw.<ref>{{cite book|title=Birth of the Persian Empire|author1=Vesta Sarkhosh Curtis |author2=Sarah Stewart |publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2005|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/?id=a0IF9IdkdYEC&pg=PA7|isbn=978-1845110628}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Achaemenid Empire| ]]
[[Category:Auncient Persie|+]]
[[Category:History o Iran|+]]
[[Category:History o Zoroastrianism]]
[[Category:History o the Middle East]]
[[Category:History o Europe]]
[[Category:History o Asie]]
[[Category:History o Africae]]
[[Category:Auncient Egyp]]
[[Category:Airn Age Asie]]
[[Category:States o Auncient Africae]]
[[Category:Patronymics]]
[[Category:Superpouers]]
[[Category:6t-century BC establishments in Asie]]
[[Category:550s BC]]
[[Category:States an territories established in the 6t century BC]]