See soorce fer Vertebrate

{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Vertebrates
| fossil_range = <br/>[[Cambrian]]&ndash;[[Holocene|Present]],<ref name = "Shu et al. 1999">{{cite journal|title=Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_1999-11-04_402_6757/page/42 | author=Shu |date=4 November 1999|journal=Nature| volume=402|pages=42–46|doi= 10.1038/46965|last2=Luo|first2=H-L.|last3=Conway Morris|first3=S.|last4=Zhang|first4=X-L.|last5=Hu|first5=S-X.|last6=Chen|first6=L.|last7=Han|first7=J.|last8=Zhu|first8=M.|last9=Li|first9=Y.|issue=6757|bibcode=1999Natur.402...42S|first10=L-Z.|displayauthors=1 |last10=Chen }}</ref>
| image = Vertebrates.png
| image_width = 220 px
| image_caption = Individual organisms frae ilka main vertebrate group. Clockwise, stairtin frae tap left:
[[Fire Salamander]], [[Saltwatter Crocodile]], [[Soothren Cassowary]], [[Rhynchocyon petersi|Black-an-rufous Giant Elephant Shrew]], [[Ocean Sunfish]]
| taxon = Vertebrata
| authority = [[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1812
| subdivision_ranks = Simplified groopin (see text)
| subdivision =
*[[Fish]]es
*[[Tetrapod]]s
}}

'''Vertebrates''' (/ˈvɛrtɘbrets/) is [[ainimal]]s that is members o the [[subphylum]] '''Vertebrata''' {{IPAc-en|-|ɑː}} ([[chordates]] wi [[Vertebra|rigbane]]s). Vertebrates include the owerwhelmin majority o the [[phylum]] [[Chordata]], wi aboot 64,000 [[species]] descreivit the nou.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/html/Red%20List%202004/completed/table2.1.html |title=A Global Species Assessment |publisher=World Conservation Union |author=Jonathan E.M. Baillie, et al. |year=2004 |access-date=2013-07-12 |archive-date=2014-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309082117/http://data.iucn.org/dbtw-wpd/html/Red%20List%202004/completed/table2.1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Vertebrates include the [[Agnatha|jawless fish]], [[bane fish]], [[shark]]s an [[Batoidea|rays]], [[amphibian]]s, [[reptiles]], [[mammals]], an [[birds]]. [[Extant taxon|Extant]] vertebrates range in size frae the [[frog]] species ''[[Paedophryne amauensis]]'', at as wee as 7.7&nbsp;mm (0.3&nbsp;inch), tae the [[blue whaul]], at up tae 33&nbsp;m (110&nbsp;ft). Vertebrates mak up aboot 4% o aw descreivit ainimal species; the rest is [[invertebrates]], that lack rigbanes.

The vertebrates tradeetionally include the [[hagfish]], that dinnae hae proper vertebrae, tho thair closest livin relatives, the [[lamprey]]s, dae hae vertebrae.<ref name=hagfish>{{cite journal|title=Monophyly of Lampreys and Hagfishes Supported by Nuclear DNA–Coded Genes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-molecular-evolution_1999-12_49_6/page/729 | author=Kuraku et al. |date=December 1999|journal=Journal of Molecular Evolution | volume = 49 | pages = 729–35|doi=10.1007/PL00006595|pmid=10594174|last2=Hoshiyama|first2=D|last3=Katoh|first3=K|last4=Suga|first4=H|last5=Miyata|first5=T|issue=6}}</ref> Hagfish dae, houiver, possess a [[cranium]]. For this raison, the vertebrate subphylum is whiles referred tae as "[[Craniata]]" whan discussin morphologie. Molecular analysis syne 1992 haes suggestit that the hagfish is maist closely relatit tae lampreys,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Stock|first=David|coauthors=Whitt GS|title=Evidence from 18S ribosomal RNA sequences that lampreys and hagfish form a natural group|journal=Science|date=7|year=1992|month=August|volume=257|issue=5071|doi=10.1126/science.1496398|url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/257/5071/787.short|accessdate=22 November 2011|pages=787–9|pmid=1496398|bibcode = 1992Sci...257..787S }}</ref> an sae vertebrates is in a [[monophyletic]] sense. Ithers consider them a sister group o vertebrates in the common taxon o Craniata.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Nicholls|first=Henry|title=Mouth to Mouth|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2009-09-10_461_7261/page/164|date=10 September 2009|journal=Nature|volume=461|issue=7261|pages=164–166|doi=10.1038/461164a|pmid=19741680}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
* [http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata/14829 Tree o Life] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422054842/http://tolweb.org/Vertebrata/14829 |date=2021-04-22 }}
* [http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v439/n7079/abs/nature04336.html Tunicates an nae cephalochordates are the closest livin relatives o vertebrates]
*[http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/fasulo/vector/chapter_07.htm Vertebrate Pests] chapter in [[Unitit States Environmental Protection Agency]] an [[Varsity o Florida]]/[[Institute o Fuid an Agricultural Sciences]] Naitional Public Health Pesticide Applicator Trainin Manual

{{Taxonbar|from=Q25241}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vertebrates|*]]
[[Category:Terreneuvian first appearances]]
[[Category:Extant Cambrian first appearances]]