See soorce fer Uiser:Lee Vilenski/Glossary o cue sports terms (draft)

{{short description|Wikipedia glossary}}
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The follaein is a glossary of traditional English-language terms uised in the three overarching [[cue sports]] disciplines: ''[[carom billiards|carom (or carambole) billiards]]'' referring tae the various {{gli|carom}} games played on a [[billiard table]] wioot {{gli|pockets}}; ''[[Pool (cue sports)|pool]]'', which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and ''[[snooker]]'', played on a lairge pocket table, an which haes a sport cultur unto itself distinct frae pool. Thare are an aw hybrid pocket/carom games sic as [[English billiards]].
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==Definitions and language==
The term "{{gli|billiards}}" is whiles uised tae refer tae all o the cue sports, tae a specific cless of them, or tae specific ones sic as English billiards; this article uses the term in its maist generic sense unless otherwise noted.

The labels "[[British English|British]]" and "[[United Kingdom|UK]]" as applee'd tae entries in this glossary refer tae terms originating in the UK and an aw uised in countries that war fairly recently pairt o the [[British Empire]] and/or are pairt o the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], as opposed tae [[US English|US]] (and, eften, [[Canadian English|Canadian]]) terminology. The terms "American" or "US" as applee'd here refer generally tae North American usage. Houiver, due tae the predominance of US-originating terminology in maist internationally competitive pool (as opposed tae snooker), US terms are an aw common in the pool context in ither countries in which English is at least a minority language, an US (and borrowed French) terms predominate in carom billiards. Similarly, British terms predominate in the Warld of snooker, English billiards and blackball, regairdless o the players' nationalities.

The term "blackball" is uised in this glossary tae refer tae baith [[Blackball (pool)|blackball and eight-ball pool]] as played in the Commonwealth, as a shorthand. Blackball wis chosen acause it is less ambiguous ("eight-ball pool" is too easy confused with the relatit "[[eight-ball]]"), and blackball is globally standardized bi an [[International Olympic Committee]]-recognised [[Sports governing body|governing body]], the [[World Pool-Billiard Association]] (WPA); meanwhile, its ancestor, eight-ball pool, is maistly a folk game, lik North American {{gli|bar pool}}, and tae the extent that its rules hae been codified, thay hae been done sae bi competin authorities with different rulesets. (For the same reason, the glossary's information on eight-ball and [[nine-ball]] draws principally on the stable WPA rules, acause thare are mony competin amateur leagues and even professional tours with divergent rules for thir games.)

Foreign-language terms are generally nae within the scope of this leet, unless thay hae acome an integral pairt of billiards terminology in English (e.g. {{gli|massé|{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}), or thay are crucial tae meaningful discussion o a game nae widely kent in the English-speakin Warld.

==1–9==
{{anchor|1–9|!–9|!-9|1-9|!–9|1–9}}
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| 1-cushion }}
<dd> ''See the [[cushion caroms]] main article for the game sometimes called "one-cushion".'' </dd>

{{Term| 1-pocket }}
<dd> ''See the [[One-pocket]] main article for the game.'' </dd>

{{Term| 3-ball }}
<dd> ''See the [[Three-ball]] main article for the game.<!-- See the {{gli|3 ball|3 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below, for the ball.-->'' </dd>

{{Term| 3-cushion }}
<dd>''See the [[Three-cushion billiards]] main article for the game.'' </dd>

{{Term| 4-ball }}
<dd> ''See the [[Four-ball billiards]] main article for the game.'' </dd>

{{Term| 5-pins }}
<dd> ''See the [[Five-pin billiards]] main article for the formerly Italian, now internationally standardized game, or [[Danish pin billiards]] for the five-pin traditional game of Denmark.'' </dd>

{{Term| 6-ball }}
<dd> ''See the [[Nine-ball#Six-ball]] sub-article for the game.<!-- See the {{gli|6 ball|6 ball}} entry, under the "[[#S|S]]" section below, for the ball.-->'' </dd>

{{Term| 8-ball }}
<dd> ''See the [[Eight-ball]] main article for the game. See the {{gli|8 ball|8 ball}} entry, under the "[[#E|E]]" section below, for the ball. See [[Eight-ball (disambiguation)|8 ball (disambiguation)]] for derivative uses.'' </dd>

{{Term| 9-ball }}
<dd> ''See the [[Nine-ball]] main article for the game. See the {{gli|9 ball|9 ball}} entry, under the "[[#N|N]]" section below, for the ball.'' </dd>

{{Term| 9-pins }}
<dd> ''See the [[Goriziana]] main article for the game sometimes called ''nine-pins''.'' </dd>

{{Term| 10-ball }}
<dd> ''See the [[Ten-ball]] main article for the game.<!-- See the {{gli|10 ball|10 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below, for the ball.-->'' </dd>

{{Term| 16-red clearance }}
<dd> In [[snooker]], a tot {{gli|clearance}} in which the {{gli|break}} starts with a {{gli|free ball}}. The brak includes {{gli|potting}} a {{gli|colour ball}} counting as a {{gli|red}} and all 15 reds.</dd>

<!--ENTRIES HERE DON'T EXIST YET FOR THE BELOW ADDITIONS.
    To-do note: Cover pool and snooker with these entries when we get around to adding them here – Am. snooker balls often numbered!
{{Term| 1-ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''See the {{gli|1 ball|1 ball}} entry, under the "[[#O|O]]" section below.'' }}

{{Term| 2-ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''See the {{gli|2 ball|2 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below.'' }}

{{Term| 5-ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''See the {{gli|5 ball|5 ball}} entry, under the "[[#F|F]]" section below.'' }}

{{Term| 11-ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''See the {{gli|11 ball|11 ball}} entry, under the "[[#E|E]]" section below.'' }}

{{Term| 12-ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''See the {{gli|12 ball|12 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below.'' }}

{{Term| 13-ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''See the {{gli|13 ball|13 ball}} entry, under the "[[#T|T]]" section below.'' }}

{{Term| 14-ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''See the {{gli|14 ball|14 ball}} entry, under the "[[#F|F]]" section below.'' }}

{{Term| 15-ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''See the [[Fifteen-ball]] main article for the game. See the {{gli|15 ball|15 ball}} entry, under the "[[#F|F]]" section below, for the ball.'' }}
-->

{{Glossary end}}
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==A==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| above }}
<dd> Uised in [[snooker]] in reference tae the poseetion o the {{gli|cue ball}}. It is abuin the {{gli|object ball}} if it is off-straight on the {{gli|baulk cushion}} side o the imaginary line for a straight {{gli|pot}} (e.g. "he'll want to finish above the {{gli|blue ball|blue}} in order to go into the {{gli|pink ball|pink}} and {{gli|red ball|reds}}"). It is an aw common tae uise the term {{gli|high}} insteid.<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term| action }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=[[Gambling]] or the potential for gambling (US). }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Lively results on a ball, usually the {{gli|cue ball}}, from the application of spin. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Short for {{gli|cue action}}.'' }}

{{Term| added }}
<dd> Uised with an amount tae signify {{gli|money added}} tae a toornament prize fund in addition tae the amount accumulated frae entry fees (e.g. "$500 added").<ref name="BDECrack">{{cite journal
 |url         = http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?BaseHref=BEG/1895/02/22&Page=4&SelectedEntity=Ar00431&skin=BEagle&GZ=T
 |title       = Crack Billiards Players in Tournament
 |journal     = [[Brooklyn Eagle|Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]
 |date        = February 22, 1895
 |page        = 4
 |location    = [[Brooklyn, NY]]
 |accessdate  = 2008-08-19
 |url-status     = dead
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612095947/http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?BaseHref=BEG%2F1895%2F02%2F22&Page=4&SelectedEntity=Ar00431&skin=BEagle&GZ=T
 |archivedate = 2011-06-12
}}</ref> </dd>

{{Term|term= ahead race |content=ahead race {{anchor|ahead session|ahead-race|ahead-session}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''ahead session'''.''
A {{gli|match}} format in which a player haes tae establish a lead of an agreed nummer of {{gli|frame|frames}} ({{gli|game|games}}) in order tae win (e.g. in a ten ahead race a player wins when she/he haes won ten mair {{gli|rack (noun)|racks}} than the opponent).<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''Contrast {{gli|race|race [to]}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| aiming line }}
<dd> An imaginary line drawn frae the desired path an {{gli|object ball}} is tae be sent (uisually the centre o a {{gli|pocket}}) an the centre o the object ball.<ref name="Idiot">{{cite book |first1=Ewa |last1=Mataya Laurance |author1-link=Ewa Mataya Laurance |first2=Thomas C. |last2=Shaw |date=1999 |title=The Complete Idiot's Guide to Pool & Billiards |publisher=Alpha Books |location=New York |isbn=0-02-862645-1 |nopp=true |page=Various pages |url=https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00laur }}</ref> </dd>

{{Term| anchor }}
<dd> Tae {{gli|frozen|freeze}} a ball tae a {{gli|cushion}}; sic a ball mey be said tae be '''anchored''' (British: {{gli|tight}}). This term is maistly obsolete [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]] jargon.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|9}} </dd>

{{Term| anchor nurse }}
<dd> A teep of {{gli|nurse|nurse shot}} uised in [[carom billiards]] games. With one {{gli|object ball}} bein {{gli|anchor|anchored}} ({{gli|frozen}}, British: {{gli|tight}}) tae a {{gli|cushion}} an the seicont object ball juist slichtly away frae the cushion, the {{gli|cue ball}} is gently grazed across the face of baith balls, freezing the away ball tae the rail and muivin the frozen ball away the same distance its pairtner wis previously, in an identical but reversed configuration, in poseetion tae be struck again bi the cue ball frae the opposite side tae repeat this pattern, back and forth.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|9}} ''Compare {{gli|cradle cannon}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| anchor space }}
<dd> A {{convert|7|in|adj=on}} square box drawn on [[Billiard table|the table]] in [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]], frae the termination o a {{gli|balkline}} with the {{gli|cushion}}, sicweys defining a restricted space in which anly three {{gli|point|points}} mey be scored afore one ball must be driven frae the aurie. It developit tae curtail the effectiveness o the {{gli|chuck nurse}}, which in turn haed been invented tae thwart the effectiveness of {{gli|Parker's box}} in stopping lang, repetitive runs uisin the {{gli|anchor nurse}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term| angle of incidence }}
<dd> The angle at which a ball approaches a {{gli|cushion}}, as measured frae the [[perpendicular]] tae the cushion.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|120}}  The phrase haes been in uise syne as early as 1653.<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term| angle of reflection }}
<dd> The angle frae which a ball rebounds frae a {{gli|cushion}}, as measured frae the [[perpendicular]] tae the cushion.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|120}} </dd>

{{Term|term= angled ball |content=angled ball {{anchor|angled}}}}
<dd> In [[snooker]] and [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], a {{gli|cue ball}} situated in the {{gli|jaws}} o a pocket sic that a/the {{gli|ball-on}} canna be struck directly.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32}} ''Compare {{gli|corner-hooked}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| arc }}
<dd> The extent tae which the {{gli|cue ball}} curves as a result o a {{gli|semi-massé|semi-{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}} or {{gli|massé|{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}} shot}}. </dd>

{{Term|term= apex |content=apex {{anchor|apex ball|apex of the triangle|apex of the diamond|apex of the rack|apex of the pack}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''apex ball''', '''apex of the triangle''', '''apex of the diamond''' or '''apex of the rack'''.}}
The ball placed at the front o a group of {{gli|rack|racked}} {{gli|object ball|object balls}} (i.e., toward the {{gli|break|breaker}} and furthest frae the racker), an in maist games situated over the table's {{gli|foot spot}}.<ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32}} </dd>

{{Term| around the table }}
<dd> In carom games, a shot in which in attemptin tae score, the cue ball contacts three or mair {{gli|cushion|cushions}}, uisually includin baith {{gli|short rail|short rails}}.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| around the houses }}
<dd> Uised in snooker tae describe the path that the {{gli|cue ball}} must tak intae and out of {{gli|baulk}} as a result of poor {{gli|position|position play}}, specifically coming aroond the {{gli|baulk colours}} off 3 or mair {{gli|cushion|cushions}}, normally on a shot on the {{gli|blue ball|blue}} tae finish on a {{gli|red ball|red}} as a result of finishing {{gli|low}} on the blue. </dd>

{{Glossary end}}
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==B==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| back }}
<dd> ''Same as {{gli|stake}} (verb).''<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term| back cut }}
<dd> A {{gli|cut shot}} in which if a line war drawn frae the {{gli|cue ball}} tae the {{gli|rail}} behind the targeted {{gli|object ball}}, perpendicular tae that rail, the object ball wad lie beyond the line with respect tae the {{gli|pocket}} bein targeted.<ref name="Brandt">{{cite book |last=Brandt |first=Dale |date=2006 |title=A Pool Player's Journey |publisher=Vantage Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-533-15176-9 |pages=86, 91–116}}</ref> </dd>

{{Term| backer }}
<dd> ''Same as {{gli|stakehorse}}.'' </dd>

[[File:Steve Davis at German Masters Snooker Final (DerHexer) 2012-02-05 4.ogv|thumb|[[Steve Davis]] plays a back spin ball tae prevent the play ball frae fawin intae the side pocket.]]
{{Term|term= back spin |content=back spin {{anchor|Back spin|Backspin|Back-spin|Backward spin|back-spin|backspin|backward spin}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''backspin''', '''back-spin''', '''backward spin'''.<ref name="TIEOB"/>}}
''Same as {{gli|draw}}.''  ''See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.''
''Contrast {{gli|top spin}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| bag }}
<dd> ''Chiefly British. Same as {{gli|pocket}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| baize }}
<dd> {{Main|Baize}}
A coarse ooen cloth uised tae kiver billiard tables, uisually green in colour. Whiles cried [[felt]], based on a similarity in appearance, tho very different in makeup.<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term| balance point }}
<dd> The pynt, uisually aroond 18 in. frae the bottom o a {{gli|cue}}, at which the cue will balance when restin on one haund.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32}} </dd>

{{Term| balk }}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''balk space'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;An area defined on a [[billiard table]] by one or more {{gli|balkline|balklines}}. In the eponymous game of [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]], there are eight balks defined by perpendicular balklines, in which only a set number of {{gli|carom|caroms}} may be scored before at least one ball must leave the area.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|15}}  In the earlier (and short-lived) "[[Balkline and straight rail#The ascendancy of balkline|champions' game]]", there were four triangular balks, one at each corner, defined by single diagonal balklines. ''Not to be confused with {{gli|baulk}}, but see second definition.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=An area defined on a [[billiard table]], in games such as [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], [[snooker]], [[English billiards]] and [[bagatelle]], by a single {{gli|balkline}} (drawn or imaginary) that runs across the table near the {{gli|head}} ({{gli|bottom}}) end; exactly where depends upon table type and size. This balk is where the cue ball is placed in {{gli|lag|lagging}} for lead, for making the opening {{gli|break}} shot, and sometimes for other purposes, depending upon the game. This usage of "balk" is strictly technical, and rarely used in practice. In pool, this area is called the {{gli|kitchen}} and is divided from the rest of the table by the {{gli|head string}}, while in snooker, English billiards and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] it is the somewhat differently sized and delimited {{gli|baulk}}, defined by the {{gli|baulk line}}. On baulk tables, which have {{gli|the D|a "D"}} inside baulk, and on pool tables with a {{gli|break box}} in the kitchen, the actual area from which to shoot is even smaller than the baulk or kitchen, respectively – a balk within the balk. }}

{{Term| balkline }}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''balk line'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A line drawn horizontally from a point on a [[billiard table]]'s {{gli|rail}} to the corresponding point on the opposite rail, thus defining a region (a {{gli|balk}}). In the eponymous [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]] there are four balklines, drawn parallel to and typically 14 or 18&nbsp;inches from the cushions of the table, dividing it into nine compartments or divisions, of which the outside eight are the balks. in which only a set number of caroms may be scored before at least one ball must leave the area.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|15}} ''Not to be confused with {{gli|baulk line}}, though the concepts and etymologies are related. See {{gli|balk}}, second definition.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Formerly, in "[[Balkline and straight rail#The ascendancy of balkline|the champions' game]]", a line drawn diagonally from a {{gli|long rail|long}} to a {{gli|short rail}} at the corners of the [[Billiard table|table]], defining a triangular {{gli|balk|balk space}} at each. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=A type of [[carom billiards]] game, called [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline billiards]], created to eliminate very high {{gli|run|runs}} in [[Balkline and straight rail|straight-rail]] that relied on repetitive {{gli|nurse|nurse shots}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|15}} }}

{{Term|term= ball-and-pocket |content=ball-and-pocket {{anchor|ball and pocket}}}}
<dd> ''Same as {{gli|call-shot}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= ball-in-hand |content=ball-in-hand {{anchor|ball in hand|cue ball in-hand|cueball in-hand|cue ball in hand|cueball in hand|cue-ball-in-hand|cueball-in-hand}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''cue ball in-hand'''.''
The option of placin the {{gli|cue ball}} anywhere on the table prior tae shooting, in a game of [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]]. Uisually anly available tae a player when the opposing player haes committed some teep of {{gli|foul}} unner a parteecular game's rules<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32, 36}} (cf. the [[free throw]] in [[basketball]] bi wey of comparison). ''See also {{gli|in-hand}} for the [[snooker]] definition.'' A common variation, uised in games sic as [[straight pool]] and eften in {{gli|bar pool}}, is ball-in-haund "behind the head string", an aw "behind the line" or "from the kitchen", meanin the ball-in-haund option is restricted tae placement anywhere behind the {{gli|head string}}, i.e., in the aurie of [[Billiard table|the table]] kent as the {{gli|kitchen}}. </dd>

{{Term|term= ball-on |content=ball-on {{anchor|ball on|balls-on|balls on|on ball|on-ball|on balls|on-balls}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Not always hyphenated. Plural: '''balls-on'''.<ref name="WEPFRules"/> Also '''on[-]ball'''.}}
Ony legally strikeable ball on the table in snooker and generally British terminology.<ref name="BCA"/> For ensaumple, in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]],<ref name="WEPFRules"/> if a player is playin {{gli|yellow ball|yellows}}, ony yellae ball (or ony solit, frae 1 tae 7, if uisin a solids-and-stripes ball set) can be the ball-on until thay are all {{gli|pot|potted}}, in which case the 8 ball is the ball-on. In [[snooker]], at the beginnin o a player's turn, unless all are already potted, ony {{gli|red ball}} can be the ball-on.<ref name="TIEOB"/>  ''Compare {{gli|object ball}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| ball rack }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Same as {{gli|rack (noun)|rack (noun), sense 1}}'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{gli|scoring rack}}'' }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=A {{gli|wall rack}} designed exclusively for storing balls }}

{{Term|term= ball return |content=ball return {{anchor|ball-return|ball return mechanism|ball-return mechanism}}}}
<dd>A collection bin mounted ablo the fit end o a table, tae which balls potted in ony pocket will return bi means of gravity-assisted gutters or troughs running frae each pocket openin tae the bin; thir are the '''ball-return mechanism''', which mey be internal tae the table or an external gutter seestem. Ball returns hae been in uise syne at least the 1700s. Pockets which simply collect balls are kent as {{gli|drop pockets}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/> A table wioot a ball return mey be cried a "drop pocket table", while a table featurin a ball return mey be cried a "gully table".<ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|37, 39}} Coin-operated {{gli|bar table|bar tables}} hae ball-return mechanisms that separate the {{gli|cue ball}} frae the {{gli|object ball|object balls}} sae that the object balls are captured when pocketed until the game ends, then released when peyed for again, while the cue ball is continually returned for continued play efter {{gli|scratch|scratches}}. This teep of table can uise a variety of methods tae distinguish the cue ball frae object balls includin the {{gli|Magnetic cue ball}}, the dense ceramic "{{gli|rock}}" an the oversized "{{gli|grapefruit}}" ball. Ball return mechanisms hae an aw been devised that uise a smawer, lighter cue ball, insteid o a magnetic or heavier one. Thare are tables that uise optical sensors tae distinguish a standard cue ball frae object balls.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.diamondbilliards.com/CommercialTables/SmartTable.aspx |title=The Smart Table Coin-op |publisher=Diamond Billiard Products |work=DiamondBilliards.com}}</ref> Some of them are an aw setup tae return the 8 ball as well, sae that pocketing it on the brak daes nae end the game.</dd>

{{Term| banger }}
<dd> A derogatory term for a recreational or beginnin player who "bangs" the balls wioot ony thocht for {{gli|position}} nor attempt tae control the {{gli|cue ball}}; an aw a reference tae the predilection of beginners tae eften hit the cue ball far harder than necessar.<ref name="tcom"/> ''Compare British {{gli|potter}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= bank |content=bank {{anchor|banks}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1= ''Same as {{gli|cushion}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1= ''Same as {{gli|bank shot}}.'' }}

{{Term| bank shot }}
<dd> <span id="Bank shot/bank">''Also '''bank'''.''</span><!-- Preserving old name until instances in articles are tracked down and replaced.--> Shot in which an {{gli|object ball}} is driven tae one or mair rails prior tae bein {{gli|pocket|pocketed}} (or in some contexts, prior tae reachin its intendit target; nae necessarily a pocket). Whiles "bank" is conflated tae refer tae {{gli|kick shot|kick shots}} as well, an in the UK it is eften cried a '''double'''.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|32}} </dd>

{{Term|term= bank-the-8 |content=bank-the-8 {{anchor|bank the 8|bank-the-eight|bank the eight}}}}
<dd> A rule variant common in {{gli|bar pool}} versions of [[eight-ball]], in which the 8-ball must be pocketed on a {{gli|bank shot}} (generally this wad aither be accomplished via a bank shot proper or a {{gli|kick shot}}); shooting the 8 straight in is a loss of game. Players mey agree afore the game begins tae invoke this rule, or one player mey challenge anither player (who might accept or refuse) tae conclude the game in this manner efter it is already unner wey. Playin bank-the-8 can be considered rude if mony ither players are waiting tae uise the table, syne it eften maks the game last considerably langer. Eften on bar tables three scratches determines a loss. The same with last-pocket.</dd>

{{Term|term= bar player |content=bar player {{anchor|bar players|bar league|bar league player}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''bar league player'''.''
A player that predominantly plays in [[bar (establishment)|bars]]/[[Public house|pubs]], or is in a bar-based pool league. Eften uised pejoratively bi [[pool hall]] players tae refer tae a perceived lesser skill level of sic players. ''See also {{gli|bar pool}}, {{gli|bar table}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= bar pool |content=bar pool {{anchor|bar rules|pub pool|pub rules|tavern pool}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''bar rules''', '''pub pool''', '''tavern pool'''.}}
[[Pool (cue sports)|Pool]], awmaist ayeweys a variant of [[eight-ball]], that is played bi {{gli|bar player|bar players}} on a {{gli|bar table}}. Bar pool haes rules that vary frae region tae region, whiles even frae venue tae venue in the same ceety, especially in the U.S. Wise players sicweys ensure understanding of and agreement tae the rules afore engaging in a {{gli|money game}} unner bar rules. teepical differences atween bar pool and toornament eight-ball are the lack of {{gli|ball-in-hand}} efter a {{gli|foul}}, the elimination o a nummer of fouls, an (with numbered ball sets) the requirement that maist aspects o a shot be {{gli|call shot|called}} (includin {{gli|cushion|cushions}} and ither {{gli|object ball|object balls}} tae be contacted) nae juist the {{gli|target ball}} and {{gli|pocket}}. Bar pool haes evolved intae this "nitpicky" version principally tae mak the games last langer, syne bar pool is teepically played on coin-operated tables that cost money per-game rather than per-oor. Competitive league pool played on bar tables, houiver, uisually uses international, national or local/regional league rules, an is nae what is uisually meant bi "bar pool". ''Not to be confused with the game of [[bar billiards]].'' </dd>

{{Term|term= bar table |content=bar table {{anchor|pub table|tavern table|coin-operated table|coin operated table|coin-op table|coinop table|bar box|barbox}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''bar box''', '''pub table''', '''tavern table''', '''coin-operated table''', '''coin-op table'''.}}
A distinctive size of pool table foond in [[bar (establishment)|bars]]/[[Public house|pubs]]/[[tavern]]s as well as various ither venues sic as [[family entertainment center]]s and [[Video arcade|arcade rooms]] at [[bowling alley]]s. Thir are smawer than the full-size tables foond in [[pool halls]]. While teepical professional and competeetion tables are {{convert|9|x|4+1/2|ft|m|abbr=on}} or {{convert|8|x|4|ft|m|abbr=on}}, bar tables are teepically {{convert|7|x|3+1/2|ft|m|abbr=on}} In bars thay are awmaist ayeweys coin-operated. Anither distinguishing factor is the cue ball; thir tables captur pocketed {{gli|object balls}} tae remove them frae play, but selectively return a {{gli|scratch|scratched}} cue ball. The cue balls are teepically oversized or extra-dense sae thay can be mechanically separated. Because thir cue balls dae nae play as competeetion cue balls (especially with regaird tae {{gli|cut shot|cut}} (due tae thair lairger size) and {{gli|stop shot|stop}}/{{gli|draw shot|draw}} shots (due tae thair lairger mass) respectively, thay chynge the characteristics o the cue ball and are therefore deprecated bi aficionados. {{gli|smash-through}}). Houiver, modren bar tables mak uise o a magnetic core with a regulation or near-regulation size and wecht paired with a magnet mechanism within the table's {{gli|ball return}} seestem that separates out the cue ball wioot requirin cue ball characteristics that affect play.<ref name="RGivens">{{cite book |last=Givens |first=R. [Randi] |date=2004 |title=The Eight Ball Bible: A Guide to Bar Table Play |edition=illustrated |publisher=Eight Ball Press |isbn=0-9747273-7-7}}</ref> Pool hall players complain an aw that the {{gli|cloth}} uised on bar tables is eften greatly inferior (in parteecular that it is "slow" and that {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} daes nae "take" eneuch), and eften find that the {{gli|cushion|cushions}} are nae as responsive as thay are uised tae.<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term|term= baulk |content=baulk {{anchor|baulk area|baulk-area}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''baulk area'''.''
In [[snooker]], [[English billiards]], and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]],<ref name="WEPFRules"/> the aurie o the {{gli|bottom}} o the [[Billiard table|table]] that is atween the {{gli|baulk line}} an the {{gli|baulk cushion}}, which houses {{gli|the D|the "D"}} and is somewhat analogous tae the {{gli|kitchen}} in American-style [[pool (cue sports)|pool]].<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|33}} </dd>

{{Term|term= baulk colour |content=baulk colour {{anchor|baulk color}}}}
<dd> In [[snooker]], ony o the three {{gli|colour ball|colour balls}} that get {{gli|spot|spotted}} on the {{gli|baulk line}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/> The left-tae-right {{gli|green ball|green}}, {{gli|brown ball|brown}} and {{gli|yellow ball}} order is the subject o the [[mnemonic]] phrase "'''G'''od '''b'''less '''y'''ou".<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|115}} </dd>

{{Term| baulk cushion }}
<dd> In [[snooker]], the {{gli|cushion}} opposite the {{gli|top cushion}} and bounded bi the {{gli|yellow pocket|yellow}} and {{gli|green pocket|green pockets}} (i.e. ''same as {{gli|bottom cushion}}'').<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term|term= baulk line |content=baulk line {{anchor|baulk-line|baulkline}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''baulk-line'''.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}}
A straight line drawn 29&nbsp;inches (73.66&nbsp;cm) frae the face o the {{gli|baulk cushion}} on a standard 6&nbsp;×&nbsp;12&nbsp;fit [[snooker]] [[Billiard table|table]].<ref name="TIEOB"/> Its poseetionin varies on ither sizes of tables. Baulk lines mey an aw be drawn on [[English billiards]] tables, an even British-style [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] tables. The baulk line is an integral pairt of {{gli|the D|the "D"}}. The baulk line's poseetion is ayeweys determined bi measurement frae the baulk cushion, in contrast tae the seemilar but different {{gli|head string}}, the poseetion of which is determined bi the {{gli|diamond|diamonds}}. ''Not to be confused with {{gli|balkline}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| baulk rail }}
<dd> ''Same as {{gli|bottom rail}} (UK), {{gli|head rail}} (US).''</dd>

{{Term| baulk spot }}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''middle spot in baulk''', '''baulk line spot''', '''middle of the baulk-line spot''', etc.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|23–24}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} }}
The {{gli|Spot}}, uisually unmarked acause of its obviousness at the intersection o the {{gli|baulk line}} and {{gli|long string}}. As sic, it is an aw the middle o the flat side of {{gli|the D|the "D"}}. In snooker, ''same as {{gli|brown spot}}''.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|23–24, 38}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} ''Compare {{gli|head spot}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| bed }}
<dd> The flat surface o a table, exclusive o the {{gli|cushion|cushions}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|33}} The bed is covered with {{gli|cloth|billiard cloth}} lik the cushions. The {{gli|playing area}} o the table consists o the bed except whaur the cushion overhangs the bed, i.e. it is all o the bed atween the cushion {{gli|nose|noses}}. Quality beds are made of smooth-ground [[slate]], tho very cheap tables mey uise [[particle board]] or [[plywood]]. The earliest beds war simply the surfaces o the widden tables on which the game wis played. </dd>

{{Term| be in stroke }}
<dd> ''See {{gli|in stroke|In stroke}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| below }}
<dd> Uised in snooker in reference tae the poseetion o the {{gli|cue ball}}. It is "below" the object ball if it is off-straight on the {{gli|top cushion}} side o the imaginary line for a straight pot (e.g. he will want tae finish ablo the {{gli|black ball|black}} in order tae gang intae the {{gli|red ball|red}}s). This mey seem counterintuitive, see {{gli|above}} for an explanation. </dd>

{{Term|term= big |content=big {{anchor|bigs|big balls|big ones}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''bigs''', '''big balls''', '''big ones'''.}}
In [[eight-ball]], tae be shooting the striped {{gli|suit}} ({{gli|group}}) of balls (9 throu 15); "you're big, remember", "you're big balls" or "I've got the big ones".<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''Compare {{gli|stripes}}, {{gli|yellow ball|yellows}}, {{gli|high}}, {{gli|overs}}; contrast {{gli|little}}.'' ''Not to be confused with the carom billiards concept of a {{gli|big ball}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| big ball }}
<dd> A [[carom billiards]] metaphor, it refers tae an object ball poseetioned and bein approached in sic a manner that a near miss will rebound off a cushion and still score. It is ''as if'' the ball war lairger than normal, makin it easier tae contact. Normally a ball a couple inches frae a rail is a big ball, but anly if bein approached frae an angle and if all the prerequisite rails hae already been contacted. A ball near a corner can effectively be a fit wide.
Not tae be confused with the eight-ball term "the big balls". In aulder British usage the concept wis referred tae as "large ball".<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''See also "{{gli|big pocket}}".'' </dd>

{{Term| big pocket }}
<dd> A [[pool (cue sports)|pool]] and occasionally [[snooker]] term (inherited frae carom billiards bi wey of "{{gli|big ball}}", abuin), it is a metaphor for a shot that is very difficult tae miss pocketing for ony o a nummer of reasons, maist commonly aither acause the object ball is poseetioned sic that a near miss on one side of it will likely cause the cue ball tae rebound intae the object ball off the rail and pocket it anyway, or anither ball is poseetioned sic that if the target ball daes nae gang straight in, it is still likely tae gang in off the ither ball in a {{gli|kiss}}. It is ''as if'' the pocket, for this one shot, haed acome lairger. The term can an aw refer tae the angle of shot toward a pocket, especially a side pocket; the pocket is said tae be "bigger", for ensaumple, on a shot that is anly a 5-degree angle away frae straight on, than on a 45-degree angle shot which is much mair likely tae hit one o the cushion pynts and bounce away. </dd>

{{Term| billiard }}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''billiard shot'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Any shot in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is {{gli|carom|caromed}} off an {{gli|object ball}} to strike another object ball (with or without contacting cushions in the interim).<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In certain [[carom billiards]] games such as [[three-cushion billiards|three-cushion]], a successful attempt at making a ''scoring'' billiard shot under the rules for that game (such as contacting three cushions with the cue ball while executing the billiard). A failed attempt at scoring would, in this context, not be called "a billiard" by players of such games even if it satisfied the first, more general definition.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| billiards }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=In the US, Canada and in many different countries and languages (under various spellings) as well as historically, generally refers to all [[cue sport]]s; }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Sometimes refers to just [[Carom billiards|carom games]] as opposed to [[pool (cue sports)|pool]] (especially in the US and Canada); }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In British terminology, chiefly refers to the game known in the rest of the world as [[English billiards]]. }}

{{Term|term= billiards glasses |content=billiards glasses {{anchor|billiard glasses}}}}
<dd> [[File:Billiards glasses.jpg|thumb|right|Billiards glasses]]''Also '''pool spectacles''', '''snooker specs''', etc.''
[[Eyeglasses]] specially made for [[cue sports]], with taw lenses, set unusually heich, sae that when the heid is lowered over the [[cue stick]] for aiming, with the neb pyntin downward, the een can still leuk throu the lenses insteid of over them. Thay are especially popular amang [[snooker]] players (notably, 1985 Warld Champion [[Dennis Taylor]]). </dd>

{{Term|term= black ball |content=black ball {{anchor|black balls|black|the black|black, the}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''the black'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;In [[snooker]], the highest-value {{gli|colour ball}} on the table, being worth seven points.<ref name="TIEOB"/> It is placed on the {{gli|black spot}}.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} In some (especially American) snooker ball sets, it is numbered "7" on its surface. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Chiefly British: The black ball (usually numbered "8") in [[Blackball (pool)|standard blackball and traditional 8-ball pool]], or the slightly larger but otherwise identical {{gli|eight ball|number 8 ball}} in a [[Kelly pool]] set (a.k.a. an "American" or more properly a standard [[World Pool-Billiard Association|WPA]] pool set).<ref name="WEPFRules"/> ''See also {{gli|8 ball|8 ball}}.'' }}

{{Term| black spot }}
<dd> The merked {{gli|spot}} on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{gli|black ball}} is placed. On toornament-size tables, it is {{frac|12|3|4}} inches (324&nbsp;mm) frae the {{gli|top cushion}}, on the {{gli|long string}}.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} That is, it is atween the tap cushion an the {{gli|pyramid}}. </dd>

{{Term|term= blank |content=blank {{anchor|duck egg|goose egg|cipher|naught}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=An unfinished bottom half of a two piece cue (the {{gli|butt}} section) with the splice completed, but the cue not yet [[Woodturning|turned]] on a lathe to produce the final shape, and certain features having not yet been added such as a {{gli|wrap}}, {{gli|joint|joint mechanism}}, {{gli|butt cap}}, {{gli|bumper}} and [[inlay]]s.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|29}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=An unsuccessful inning at the table. Also known as a '''duck egg''', '''goose egg''', '''cipher''' or '''naught'''.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{Rp|29}} }}

{{Term| blood test }}
<dd> Ony very difficult shot that must be made unner pressure.<ref name="USOpen06-3">[[SportsNet New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[US Open Nine-ball Championship]] (aired December 7, 2007). [[Rodolfo Luat]] vs. [[Rob Saez]]. In-context commentary by pool pro Jerry Forsyth.</ref> </dd>

{{Term|term= blue ball |content=blue ball {{anchor|blue balls|blue|the blue|blue, the}}}}
{{ghat|Also '''the blue(s)'''.}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=In [[snooker]], the {{gli|colour ball}} worth five points,<ref name="TIEOB"/> placed on the {{gli|blue spot}} in the centre of the table.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} In some (especially American) snooker ball sets, it is numbered "5" on its surface. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In the [[eight-ball]] game variant [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], also known as eight-ball pool, a differently colored but otherwise identical replacement for {{gli|red ball|the red}} {{gli|group}} (i.e., what would be the {{gli|solids}} in an American-style [[Billiard ball|pool ball]] set).<ref name="BlackballRules">{{cite web |url=http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play |publisher=World Pool-Billiard Association |title=Blackball Rules |date=2012 |work=WPA-Pool.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130224111551/http://www.wpa-pool.com/web/the_rules_of_play |archivedate=2013-02-24 }}</ref> }}

{{Term| blue spot }}
<dd> The merked {{gli|spot}} on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{gli|blue ball}} is placed. Regairdless of table size, it is at the lengthwise and widthwise centre o the table (i.e. it is the same as the {{gli|centre spot}}.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} </dd>

{{Term| body english }}
<dd> The useless but common practice of contorting one's body while a shot is in play, uisually in the direction one wishes a ball or balls tae traivel, as if in the vain hope that this will influence the balls' trajectories; the term is considered humorous.<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''See also {{cuegloss|english|{{Not a typo|English}}}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term=bottle |content=bottle {{anchor|shake bottle|pea bottle|pill bottle|tally bottle|kelly bottle|Kelly bottle|kelly pool bottle|Kelly pool bottle}} }}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''shake bottle''', '''pea bottle''', '''pill bottle''', '''tally bottle''', '''{{Not a typo|kelly}} bottle'''.}}
The bottle uised in various games tae haud numbered {{gli|pea|peas}}, it is employed tae assign random spots tae players in a roster (sic as in a toornament), or tae assign random balls tae players o a game (sic as in [[kelly pool]] and [[bottle pool]]).<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| bottom }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Chiefly British:'' The half of the [[Billiard table|table]] from which the {{gli|break|break shot}} is taken. This usage is conceptually opposite that in North America, where this end of the table is called the {{gli|head}}. ''Contrast {{gli|top}}.'' ''See also {{gli|baulk}}. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Chiefly American:'' Exactly the opposite of the above – the {{gli|foot}} end of the table. No longer in common usage. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Short for {{gli|bottom spin}}, i.e. same as {{gli|screw}} (British), {{gli|draw}} (American).'' }}

{{Term| bottom cushion }}
<dd> ''Chiefly British:'' The {{gli|cushion}} on the {{gli|bottom rail}}. An aw kent as the {{gli|baulk cushion}}, especially in [[snooker]]. ''Compare {{gli|head cushion}} (U.S.); contrast {{gli|top cushion}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| bottom rail }}
<dd> ''Chiefly British:'' The {{gli|short rail}} at the {{gli|bottom}} o the [[Billiard table|table]]. Tradeetionally this is the rail on which the table manufacturer's logo appears. An aw kent as the {{gli|baulk rail}}, especially in [[snooker]]. ''Compare {{gli|head rail}} (U.S.); contrast {{gli|top rail}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= bottom spin |content=bottom spin {{anchor|bottomspin|bottom-spin}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''bottomspin''', '''bottom-spin''', '''bottom'''.}} ''Same as {{gli|back spin}}, i.e. {{gli|screw}} (UK), {{gli|draw}} (US).'' ''Contrast {{gli|top spin}}.'' ''See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= bouclée |content=''{{lang|fr|bouclée|}}'' {{anchor|bouclee}} }}
<dd> A teep of {{gli|bridge}} formed atween the thumb and forefinger, creautin a loop for the [[Cue stick|cue]] tae pass throu. Principally uised in [[carom billiards]], the term is [[French language|French]] for 'curled'.<ref name="Collins">{{cite book |title=Collins English Dictionary |edition=5th [online] |chapter=bouclée |date=2012 |orig-year=2000 |publisher=HarperCollins (News Corp.) |location=New York}}</ref></dd>

{{Term|term= break |content=break {{anchor|break shot|break off|break-off|breakshot|break-shot|breakoff}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Also '''break shot''' or '''break off''', as a noun.'' Typically describes the first shot in most types of billiards games. In [[Carom billiards|carom games]] it describes the first point attempt, as shot from an unvarying {{gli|cue ball}} and {{gli|object ball|object balls}} placement; in many [[pool (cue sports)|pool]] games it describes the first shot, which is used to separate the object balls which have been {{gli|rack (verb)|racked}} together;<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A series of consecutive {{gli|pot|pots}} by a player during a single {{gli|inning}}. Most often applied in [[snooker]] and [[English billiards]], e.g., "The player had a break of 89 points".<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> (chiefly British; ''compare US {{gli|run}}''). ''See also [[Maximum break]].'' }}

{{Term|term= break and dish |content=break and dish {{anchor|break-and-dish}}}}
<dd> ''Same as [[Break and run]]'' (chiefly British). </dd>

{{Term|term= break and run |content=break and run {{anchor|break-and-run|break and run out|break-and-run-out}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''break and run out'''.''
''Chiefly American:'' In [[Pool (cue sports)|pool games]], when a player {{gli|break|breaks}} the {{gli|rack|racked}} {{gli|object ball|object balls}}, {{gli|pocket|pockets}} at least one ball on the brak, an commences tae {{gli|run out}} the remainin object balls wioot the opponent getting a {{gli|visit}} at the table. Hyphenated when uised as an adjective or compound noun insteid o a verbal phrase. ''See also {{gli|run the table}}, {{gli|rack and run}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| break ball }}
{{Defn|1= In straight pool, the last object ball left on a table before the remaining fourteen balls must be racked so the player at the table may continue their run. It is called the "break ball" because it is common for players to try to leave this ball in such a position that they may easily pot it and billiard off of it to break open the rack of fourteen balls and continue their run.}}

{{Term|term=break box |content=break box {{anchor|break-box|breakbox|breaking box|breaking-box|breakingbox}} }}
<dd> [[File:Nine-ball break box diagram.png|thumb|right|250px|Diagram shawin the {{gli|break box}} and its relation tae the {{gli|kitchen}} aurie and {{gli|head string}}.]]
In [[European Pocket Billiard Federation]] (EPBF) [[nine-ball]], the brak box is a zone in the "{{gli|kitchen}}" o the {{gli|head}} (British: {{gli|bottom}}) o the [[Billiard table|table]], frae which the {{gli|break|break shot}} must be taken with the {{gli|cue ball}},<ref name="Jewett BD 2008-02">{{BDMag|first=Bob|last=Jewett|date=February 2008|title=Killing Me Softly?: The Outbreak of the Soft Break Threatens the Game of 9-ball|volume=30|issue=3|pages= 34–35}}</ref><ref name="Panozzo BD 2008-02">{{BDMag|first=Mike|last=Panozzo|date=February 2008|title=Long Live the Cup!|volume=30|issue=3|pages= 34–35}}</ref> nae unlik {{gli|the D|the "D"}} zone uised in [[snooker]], [[English billiards]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]. The brak box consists o the middle 50% o the kitchen aurie, delimited latitudinally bi the {{gli|head rail}} (British: {{gli|bottom rail}}) and {{gli|head string}} (nae the {{gli|baulk line}}), and longitudinally bi two parallel lines drawn (on the cloth, or mair eften imaginarily) frae the heid rail {{gli|diamond|diamonds}} that are closest tae the {{gli|head}} {{gli|corner pocket|corner pockets}}, out tae the heid string ''(see illustration to the right)'' on aither side. This departure frae [[World Pool-Billiard Association|WPA]] Warld Standardised Rules defeats the common brak-frae-the-side-rail technique for pocketing the 9 ball tae win the game on the brak; while 9 ball braks are still possible, thay are much mair difficult unner this rule.<ref name="Jewett BD 2008-02"/> This EPBF Euro-Tour requirement wis added in 2008 tae the Europe vs. US [[all-star]] team event, the [[Mosconi Cup]], but haes nae otherwise been seen much bi non-Europeans {{as of|lc=y|2011|post=.}} </dd>

{{Term| break down one's cue }}
<dd> Tae tak one's two-piece [[cue stick]] apart. When done afore a game's conclusion, it mey indicate that the game is conceded.<ref name="TIEOB"/> Different leagues hae different rules on this matter.</dd>

{{Term| bridge }}
<dd> Aither the player's haund or a {{gli|mechanical bridge}} uised tae support the shaft end o the cue stick during a shot. An aw the parteecular haund formation uised for this purpose (thare are mony).<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| bridge hand }}
<dd> The haund uised bi a player as a {{gli|bridge}} during a normal shot that daes nae involve a {{gli|mechanical bridge}}. The brig haund is uisually a player's non-dominant haund.<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term|term= brown ball |content=brown ball {{anchor|brown balls|brown|browns|the brown|brown, the|brown-ball}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''the brown'''.''
In [[snooker]], the heichest-value {{gli|baulk colour}}, worth fower pynts.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|38}} It is placed on the {{gli|brown spot}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|38}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} In some (especially American) snooker ball sets, it is numbered "4" on its surface. </dd>

{{Term| brown spot }}
<dd> The {{gli|spot}} (eften nae merked) on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{gli|brown ball}} is placed. Regairdless of table size, it is the middle pynt o the {{gli|baulk line}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|38}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} I.e., it is the ''same as the {{gli|baulk spot}}.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} The left-tae-right order o the {{gli|green ball|green}}, brown and {{gli|yellow ball|yellow balls}} is the subject o the [[mnemonic]] phrase "'''G'''od '''b'''less '''y'''ou".<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|115}} </dd>

{{Term| bumper }}
<dd> The bumper on the bottom o a cue, uisually made frae rubber, which insulates the {{gli|butt cap}} frae contact with the floor and greatly reduces noise. The bumper wis first patented in 1880.<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term| burnish }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=To seal the pores of a wooden [[Cue stick|cue]]'s {{gli|shaft}} by rubbing vigorously with some material. Leather is commonly employed for the task, as is [[Banknote|paper money]]. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=To similarly vigorously rub the edge of a {{gli|cue tip}} (especially a new one) to fortify it against {{gli|mushroom|mushrooming}} and ensure that it is perfectly flush with the {{gli|ferrule}}. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=To smooth out minor dents in the {{gli|shaft}} with a rigid {{gli|burnisher}}. }}

{{Term| burnisher }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A pad, usually of leather, used to {{gli|burnish}} (seal the wood pores of) a {{gli|shaft|cue shaft}}. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A rigid {{gli|tip tool}} used to finish and harden the sides of a new {{gli|cue tip}}. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=A {{gli|shaft}} maintenance tool, most commonly a cylindrical glass rod, used for smoothing minor nicks in the shaft. This is sometimes done after swelling the wood at the nick site with some moist application. }}

{{Term| bushka rings }}
<dd> Named efter thair innovator, legendary cuemaker [[George Balabushka]], Bushka rings are decorative bands of material incorporated intae pool cues, commonly juist abuin the {{gli|wrap}} aurie, in the form of ebony and ivory blocks, or whiles ither materials, alternating in a checked pattern.<ref>{{cite book |last=Simpson |first=Brad |title=Blue Book of Pool Cues |editor1-first=Paul |editor1-last=Rubino |editor2-first=Victor |editor2-last=Stein |publisher=Blue Book Publications |date=1996 |edition=1st |page=103 |isbn=1-886768-02-1}}</ref> </dd>

{{Term|term= business, doing |content=business, doing {{anchor|business|doing business}}}}
<dd> Collusion atween matchplay opponents who prearrange who will win a match on which ither fowk's money is wagered, in order tae guarantee a payday.<ref name="TIEOB"/> </dd>

{{Term| butt }}
{{Defn|1= The bottom portion of a pool cue which is gripped by a player's hand.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| butt cap }}
<dd> A protective cap mounted on the end o the {{gli|butt}} o a cue. </dd>

{{Term| button }}
<dd> A {{gli|point}} bead on a {{gli|scoring string}}.<ref name="BDESaw">{{cite journal
 |url         = http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?BaseHref=BEG/1893/12/20&Page=8&SelectedEntity=Ar00807&skin=BEagle&GZ=T
 |title       = Saw Good Billiards: Union Leaguers Entertained by Four Star Cue-wielders
 |journal     = Brooklyn Daily Eagle
 |date        = December 20, 1893
 |page        = 8
 |publisher   = [[ibid.]]
 |accessdate  = 2008-08-19
 |url-status     = dead
 |archiveurl  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110612093715/http://eagle.brooklynpubliclibrary.org/Default/Scripting/ArchiveView.asp?BaseHref=BEG%2F1893%2F12%2F20&Page=8&SelectedEntity=Ar00807&skin=BEagle&GZ=T
 |archivedate = 2011-06-12
}}
Usage clearly demonstrated in context. NB: Each section of the newspaper page scans on this site can be clicked for a readable closeup.</ref> </dd>

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==C==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| calcutta }}
<dd> A player's auction at a pool toornament. Each player is cried and players and spectators bid on the player. The heichest bidder(s) pays thair bid tae the calcutta, an bi daein sae invest in that player's success. If a player wins or places in the toornament, thae who "bought" the player receive a percentage o the tot calcutta payout, uisually tracking the percentage payout o the toornament prize fund. teepically, players hae the option of purchasing hauf of themselves when the heich bid is won bi a third pairty. Lik {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} and {{gli|scotch doubles}}, uisually nae capitalized. </dd>

{{Term| call }}
<dd> Ony instance o a player haein tae say what thay are aboot tae dae. For ensaumple, in [[straight pool]] a player must ''call'' the pocket in which a ball is intendit tae be potted. Mair formal terms, uised in rule beuks and instructional materials, include {{gli|designate}} and {{gli|nominate}}. ''Contrast {{gli|fish}}, {{gli|slop}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= call-safe |content=call-safe {{anchor|called-safe|call safe|called safe|call-safety|called-safety|call safety|called safety}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''called-safe'''}}
Applies specifically tae games that enforce "{{cuegloss|call-pocket}}/call-safe" rules, which require the player tae aither caw the ball and pocket, or caw a {{cuegloss|safety}} on every shot. Efter a legal shot, whaur a cried ball is nae pocketed as designated, the incoming player haes the option tae pass the shot back tae the player who missed the cried shot. If a player calls "safe", then efter a legal shot, the incoming player must accept the next shot, an mey nae pass the shot back tae the player who cried "safe".<ref name="ABC rulebook">{{cite web |title=Rulebook: Guidelines for American Rotation (AR)|url= http://AmericanBilliardClub.com/play/rulebook/ |work=AmericanBilliardClub.com  |publisher=American Billiard Club |first=Joe |last=Tucker|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}</ref> A caw-shot/caw-safe [[nine-ball]] ensaumple: Player A calls the {{cuegloss|ball-on}}, the 3 ball in this case, in the corner pocket but misses the shot. The {{cuegloss|cue ball}} rolls down table and comes tae rest behind the 5 ball leaving no clear path tae the 3 ball for the incoming player B. Syne player A did nae caw "safe", incoming player B mey elect tae pass the shot back tae player A (who must shoot).</dd>

{{Term|term= call-shot |content=call-shot {{anchor|called-shot|call shot|called shot|call-pocket|called-pocket|call pocket|called pocket|call the pocket|call your pocket}}}}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''called-shot'''; '''call-pocket''' or '''called-pocket'''.}}
Describes ony game in which during normal play a player must caw the ball tae be hit an the intendit pocket; "eight-ball is a call-shot game."<ref name="BCA"/> Whiles referred tae as "call[ed]-pocket", "{{gli|ball-and-pocket}} rules", etc., tae distinguish it frae the common North American {{gli|bar pool}} practice of requirin every ''aspect'' of shots tae be cried, sic as {{gli|carom|caroms}}, {{gli|kick|kicks}}, and {{gli|cushion|cushions}} tae be contacted (this is whiles an aw ambiguously referred tae as "call-shot", but mair  accurately termed "call-everything" or "call-it-all"). Commonly in bar rules terminology, caw-shot indicates how the shot will be made as compared tae caw-pocket which means simply that the ball must gang intae that pocket, details unnecessary. Tho in games with  cried shots technically require all shots tae be cried, obvious shots are seldom actually cried, tho sic implied cried shits must still be made. ''See also {{gli|gentlemen's call}}.''<!--This entry probably needs to fork into two definitions.--> </dd>

{{Term| called ball }}
<dd> The ball designated bi a player tae be pocketed on a shot.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| called pocket }}
<dd> The pocket designated bi a player tae which a ball is tae be shot.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term|term= cannon |content= cannon {{anchor|canon|cannons|canons|cannon shot|canon shot|cannoning|canoning}} }}
<dd> British/Australian and whiles Canadian term for {{gli|carom}}. Formerly (19t century) whiles spelled ''canon''.<ref name="EWuE">{{cite book |title=Enquire Within upon Everything |editor-first=Robert Kemp |editor-last=Philp |editor-link=Robert Kemp Philp |chapter=2595. Troco or Lawn Billiards |date=1884 |edition=69th |page=[https://archive.org/details/enquirewithinupo00philuoft/page/365 365] |location=London |publisher=Houlston and Sons |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url= https://archive.org/details/enquirewithinupo00philuoft |url-status=live |access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref></dd>

{{Term|term=carambole |content=carambole {{anchor|caramboles|carambola|carambolas|caramboled|caramboling}} }}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''carambola'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;The red {{gli|object ball}} in [[carom billiards]] games. The term is thought to be [[Etymology|derived]] from an orange-colored, tropical Asian fruit, called a ''carambola'' in [[English (language)|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]], and several other languages, in turn from {{lang|mr-Latn|karambal}} in the [[Marathi language]] of [[India]].<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref>{{cite web |first=Douglas |last=Harper |date=2001 |url= http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=carom |title=Carom |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=January 31, 2007}}</ref> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A general-purpose term for [[carom billiards]] games }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=(Obsolete.) Alternate name for the game of [[straight rail]] }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=A {{gli|carom}}. }}

{{Term| card }}
<dd> ''Short for {{gli|tournament card}}.''<ref name="BDESaw"/> </dd>

{{Term|term=carom |content=carom {{anchor|caroms|caromed|caroming|carom shot|carom shots|roquet}} }}
{{defn|1=1.&nbsp;&nbsp;''Carom'' came into use in the 1860s and is a shortening of ''carambola'', which was earlier used to describe the red object ball used in many billiards games.<ref name="TIEOB"/> In modern usage, the most general meaning of the word refers to any type of strike and rebound,<ref>Lexico Publishing Group, LLC (2006). [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/carom Carom – Dictionary.com]. Retrieved January 31, 2007.</ref> (a {{gli|carambole}}) off a cushion or especially a ball.}}
{{defn|no=2|1=More specifically, short for a ''carom shot'', a {{gli|cannon}} in British terminology, in which a point is scored in [[carom billiards]] games by careening the cue ball into the two object balls.<ref name="BCA"/>}}
{{defn|no=3|In pocket games as a general class, ''carrom'' or ''carom shot'' is sometimes used more loosely, between the above two definitions, to refer to clipping an object ball with the cue ball to attempt to send either or both to desirable locations, not necessarily scoring in the process. In games in which pocketing the cue ball is a goal (e.g. [[Russian pyramid]]), ''carom'' can refer to sending the cue ball into a pocket after contacting an object ball (called a {{gli|losing hazard}} in [[English billiards]], it nevertheless scores points; but it is a foul in [[snooker]], called an {{gli|in-off}}, and in [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], called a {{gli|scratch}}).}}

{{Term| carom angle }}
<dd> {{empty section|date=December 2011|reason=This is pretty much mandatory, since it is a key term in several other entries; must be distinguished from [[#tangent line]].}} </dd>

{{Term| carpetbagger }}
<dd> ''See {{gli|lemon|Lemon}}.'' </dd>

{{Term |carrom }}
<dd>[[Carrom]] is a table-top game of India, whiles played with a smaw [[cue stick]] tho mair eften with the fingers, in which smaw disks are slid on a game board tae knock ither disks intae pockets cut intae the corners o the board. It is ancestral tae several ither games, includin [[novuss]], [[pichenotte]], [[pitchnut]], [[crokinole]], and [[Chapayev]]<!--Capitalized; it's a personal eponym.-->.</dd>

{{Term| catch a stroke }}
<dd> ''See {{gli|stroke, catch a|Stroke, catch a}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= centre spot |content=centre spot {{anchor|centre spot|centre-spot|centre-spot|centrespot|centrespot}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''centre spot''', .''
The spot (uisually unmarked, except in [[snooker]])<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} at the geometric centre o the {{gli|bed of table|bed}} o the table.<ref name="BCA"/>  It lies at the intersection o the {{gli|center string}} and {{gli|long string}}. In [[snooker]], it is mair commonly kent as the {{gli|blue spot}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} Uncommonly it is an aw cried the {{gli|middle spot}}. </dd>

{{Term|term= centre string |content=centre string {{anchor|centrestring|centre string|centrestring|centre-string|centre-string}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''center string'''.''
The (usually unmarked) line bisecting the centers of the two {{gli|long rail|long rails}} (and of the {{gli|side pocket|side [Brit.: centre] pockets}} if any) and the {{gli|center spot}}. It thus runs widthwise (i.e. the short way) across the center of the table. Its intersection with the {{gli|long string}}, running lengthwise down the middle of the table, defines the position of the center spot. }}

[[File:Youth-centre-girl-billiards-wallpaper-preview.jpg|thumb|A player with her brig haund close tae the centre pocket]]
{{Term|term= centre pocket |content=centre pocket {{anchor|centre pocket|centre pockets|centre pockets|centre-pocket|centre-pocket}}}}
<dd> In the UK, one o the two {{gli|pocket|pockets}} one aither side o a [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], [[snooker]] or [[English billiards]] table halfway up the {{gli|long rail|long rails}}. Thay are cut shallower than {{gli|corner pocket|corner pockets}} acause thay hae a 180 degree aperture, insteid of 90 degrees. An aw whiles cried a '''middle pocket'''. Thir terms are nae generally uised in the US, whaur '''{{gli|side pocket}}''' prevails. </dd>

{{Term| century }}
<dd> {{Main|Century break}}
''Also '''century break'''.''
In [[snooker]], [[English billiards]] and ither British usage, a {{gli|break}} of 100 pynts or mair, which involves {{gli|pot|potting}} at least 26<!-- the last 10 reds with blacks + yellow + green + brown + blue + pink = 100 --> balls consecutively, in snooker, but can be earned via a combination of scoring techniques in English billiards, etc. A century an aw means scoring 100+ pynts in a single turn in [[straight pool]]. A '''century of centuries''' is the achievement of 100 or mair century braks in a career, a feat [[List of snooker players with over 100 century breaks|few players hae performed tae date]]. ''See also {{gli|double century}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| chalk }}
<dd> A powdered substance placed on a [[Cue stick|cue]]'s {{gli|cue tip|tip}} tae increase its [[friction]] and tharebi decrease slippage atween the tip and {{gli|cue ball}}. Cue "chalk" is nae [[chalk]] ([[calcium carbonate]]), but a compound of [[silica]] and [[aluminium oxide]]. Chalk is sauld in compressed, dyed (commonly blue) cubes wrapped on five sides with a paper label, an is applee'd (properly) in a manner seemilar tae lipstick on the mooth. Chalk is essential tae shots involvin {{gli|spin}}; failure tae uise it frequently during a game is likely tae lead tae {{gli|miscue|miscuing}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|44–45}} Modren cue chalk wis co-invented bi pro player [[William A. Spinks]] and engineer [[William Hoskins (inventor)|William Hoskins]].<ref>{{cite journal
 |title=The World's Most Tragic Man Is the One Who Never Starts 
 |last=Clark 
 |first=Neil M. 
 |journal=[[The American (magazine)|The American]] 
 |date=May 1927 
 |accessdate=February 26, 2009 
 |url=http://www.toaster.org/hoskins_tragic.html 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060825063214/http://www.toaster.org/hoskins_tragic.html 
 |archivedate=August 25, 2006 
}}</ref><ref>{{US patent|0578514}}, March 9, 1897</ref> ''See also {{gli|talc}}, often incorrectly referred to as "{{gli|hand chalk}}".'' </dd>

{{Term| chasing one's money }}
<dd> The inability of some players tae stap gambling ance thay hae lost money acause thay "have" tae get thair money back. </dd>

{{Term|term= cheat the pocket |content=cheat the pocket {{anchor|cheat-the-pocket|cheating the pocket|cheating-the-pocket}}}}
<dd> Tae aim at an object ball sic that it will enter one side or the ither, rather than the center, o a pocket (and possibly striking the {{gli|facing}} o the pocket then rebounding intae the pocket). This permits the cue ball tae strike the object ball at a different contact pynt than the maist obvious one. Cheating the pocket is employed for {{gli|position play}}, tae allou a ball tae pass anither partially obscuring the path tae the pocket, an tae prevent {{gli|scratch|scratches}} on dead-straight shots in cases whaur draw is nae desirable (or mey nae be dependable, e.g. acause of distance frae the pocket or {{gli|smash-through}}).<ref>{{cite book|last=Capelle|first=Philip B.|title=Play Your Best Pool|publisher=Billiards Press|date=1995|page=17|isbn=978-0-9649204-0-8}}</ref> The amount of pocket cheatability available varies widely bi game, due tae equipment differences. [[Pool (cue sports)|Pool]] haes wide and sicweys very "cheatable" pockets, while [[snooker]] and [[Russian pyramid]] hae pockets barely wide eneuch tae admit a ball and therefore little room for error or for pocket-cheating. </dd>

{{Term| check side }}
<dd> an aw '''checkside''' or '''check''' is a teep of {{gli|english|spin}} imparted tae the {{gli|cue ball}} tae mak it rebound frae a {{gli|cushion}} at a shallower angle than it wad if the spin haed nae been uised. Normally played when the naitural angle is no good tae the player for the next shot.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|48}} </dd>

{{Term| chesney }}
<dd> Whiles kent as a "Chesney Allen", a slicht indentation in the table's slate which can add behavioral aspects tae ony ball passing over it. Tables containing a chesney are legal for match play, but are generally avydit bi serious and professional players.</dd>

{{Term| chinese snooker }}
<dd> [[File:Chinese Snooker.png|thumb|right|200px|Cheenese snooker on the reid ball]]
A situation whaur the {{gli|cue ball}} is directly in front of anither ball in the line o the shot sic that the player is {{gli|hampered}} bi it, haein tae {{gli|bridge}} over it awkwardly with the likelihood o a {{gli|foul}} looming if the object ball is inadvertently touched.<ref>{{cite book |last=Green |first=Jonathon |title=Dictionary of Jargon |publisher=Routledge |date=1987 |page=[https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofjarg00jona/page/112 112] |isbn=978-0-7100-9919-8 |url= https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofjarg00jona |url-access=registration |quote=chinese snooker. |access-date=February 26, 2009 |location=London}}</ref> The term is maist common in the game of [[snooker]] but is uised in US parlance. </dd>

{{Term|term= chuck nurse |content=chuck nurse {{anchor|chuck|chuck nurse shot}}}}
<dd> Kent as a '''{{gli|rocking cannon}}''' in British terminology.
A teep of {{gli|nurse}} uised in [[carom billiards]] games. With one object ball {{gli|frozen}} (British: {{gli|tight}}) tae a {{gli|cushion}} an the seicont object ball a few inches away frae the cushion, the cue ball is gently rebounded off the frozen ball nae muivin it, but with juist eneuch speed tae meet the ither object ball which rocks in place, but daes nae chynge poseetion. Developed tae thwart the restrictions emplaced bi the {{gli|Parker's box}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|8}}<ref name="Loy1">{{cite web |url= http://www.jimloy.com/billiard/chuck.htm |title=The Chuck Nurse |last=Loy |first=Jim |work=Jim Loy's Billiards/Pool Page |date=2000 |access-date=February 24, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070128002628/http://www.jimloy.com/billiard/chuck.htm |archive-date=January 28, 2007}} The Shamos source is the authoritative one, but this site provides an animated illustration of precisely how the chuck nurse works.</ref> </dd>

{{Term| choke }}
<dd> Tae commit errors while shooting, especially at the {{gli|money ball}}, due tae pressure.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|50}} ''See also {{gli|dog}}, {{gli|one-stroke}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| cinch a ball }}
<dd> Tae play a shot with the stroke and speed that maks it easiest tae pocket the object ball, even at the expense of sacrificing poseetion.<ref name="Brandt"/> </dd>

{{Term| cinch a pocket }}
<dd> Tae maneuver a ball on a shot sae that it will be favorably poseetioned for later play intae a parteecular pocket, even at the expense of sacrificing poseetion or the inning tae achieve that result.<ref name="Brandt"/> </dd>

{{Term| cinch position }}
<dd> Tae play a shot uisin a mair difficult application of stroke and speed tae achieve a certaint desired poseetion for the next shot, even at the expense of or sharply increasin the likelihood o a miss.<ref name="Brandt"/> </dd>

{{Term| clean }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Chiefly British.'' Describing a {{gli|pot}} that goes straight into the {{gli|pocket}} without touching either {{gli|knuckle}}. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Chiefly American.''  Describing a shot in {{gli|bar pool}}: the {{gli|pocket|pocketing}} of an {{gli|object ball}} in a manner such that the target object ball does not {{gli|kiss shot|kiss}} any other object ball, and is not {{gli|bank shot|banked}}, {{gli|kick shot|kicked}}, {{gli|carom|caromed}}, or {{gli|combination shot|combo'd}} in, and without {{gli|double kiss|double-kissing}}, though it may hit the {{gli|knuckle|knuckles}}, and depending upon local bar-rules may be allowed to contact either of the cushions, not just at the knuckle, that run into the target pocket. Usage example: "The 7 in that corner, clean". Usage can be narrower, to indicate clean ''other than as already specified'', e.g. "bank the 7 in that corner, clean". }}

{{Term| clearance }}
<dd> In [[snooker]] and British [[blackball (pool)|blackball]], the successfu {{gli|pot|potting}} of all object {{gli|ball-on|balls-on}} in a single {{gli|frame}}. A player is said tae hae "cleared up" or tae hae "cleared the table". An aw, if a snooker player compiles a {{gli|break}} consisting of all 15 {{gli|red ball|reds}} with {{gli|colour ball|colours}}, then the colours in sequence, this is kent as a "total clearance". ''Compare {{gli|break and run}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| cling }}
<dd> Phenomenon whaur two balls, (uisually the {{gli|cue ball}} and an {{gli|object ball}}) hae some foreign material (eften residual {{gli|chalk}} or dirt picked up frae unbrushed cloth) atween them at the pynt of contact, resultin in the struck object ball bein thrown offline frae the expected trajectory, an eften an aw affecting the post-impact path o the cue ball. A teepical precaution against cling is tae ask for the cue ball and/or object ball tae be cleaned bi the referee in order tae remove chalk that is already on the ball prior tae the shot. The table cloth should an aw be clean. Houiver, no precaution can ward against cling resultin frae chalk transferred frae the cue tip tae the cue ball during a single shot. Coincidental cling can therefore cause unpredictable play and occasionally lead tae rudimentary shots bein missed at even the heichest levels o the game.<ref name="BBC4304501">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/video_and_audio/help_guide/4304501.stm BBC Sport video] investigating the cause of {{gli|cling}} (a.k.a. {{gli|kick|kicks}} or {{gli|skid}}); retrieved 4 May 2007</ref>  "Cling" (and derived wirds lik "clung", "clinger", "clinging", etc.) mey be uised as a mass noun, less commonly as a count noun, as a verb, an rarely as an adjective ("cling is annoying", "two clings in one frame", "they clung", "unintentional cling shot", respectively). ''Also known as {{gli|skid}}, or in the UK, {{gli|kick}} (sense 2).''  ''See also {{gli|dead ball}}, sense 2.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= closed bridge |content=closed bridge {{anchor|loop bridge|loop-bridge}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''loop bridge'''.''
A brig formed bi the haund whaur a finger (normally the [[index finger]]) is curved over the cue stick an the ither fingers are spread on the cloth providin solit support for the cue stick's direction. A closed brig is less common in snooker play than in ither games.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|52–3}}''Compare {{gli|open bridge|Open bridge}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| cloth }}
<dd> The [[baize]] cloth covering the tables playin surface and rails, uisually made frae oo or a oo-nylon blend. In uise syne the 15t century, cloth is tradeetionally green-coloured, chosen for its evocation of gress. Whiles cloth is improperly referred tae as "felt." The properties o the cloth uised tae kiver a table, as well as environmental conditions that can affect it—notably humidity, the degree it haes been stretched when installed, an its level of cleanness—hae a profound effect on play.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} ''See also {{gli|fast}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= cloth speed |content=cloth speed {{anchor|cloth-speed|speed of the cloth|clothspeed}}}}
<dd> ''Same as {{gli|table speed}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| cluster }}
<dd> Two or mair object balls that are touching or are close thegither. Mair rare uses o the term include the intendit action o a {{gli|gather shot}}, and a {{gli|run}} of pynts.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} </dd>

{{Term|term= cocked-hat double |content=cocked-hat double {{anchor|cocked hat double|cocked-hat|cocked hat}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''cocked hat double'''.''
A term applee'd especially in [[snooker]] for a teep of double off three cushions, e.g. aroond the {{gli|baulk colour|baulk colours}} and intae a {{gli|centre pocket}}. Sic a shot is very difficult tae mak and wad nae normally be played as anything mair nor a {{gli|shot for nothing}}. </dd>

{{Term|term= collar |content=collar {{anchor|collars}}}}
<dd> The protector o the {{gli|joint}} o the [[Cue stick|cue]] on the jynt end o the {{gli|butt}} and {{gli|shaft}} (i.e., the '''butt collar''' and '''shaft collar''' respectively). Most modren cues uise collars of steel and/or ither materials, but [[carom billiards]] cues uisually hae a collarless wid-on-wid jynt,<ref name="Kilby 2009"/> as dae "{{gli|sneaky pete|sneaky petes}}". </dd>

{{Term|term= collision-induced side spin |content=collision-induced side spin {{anchor|collision-induced sidespin|collision-induced side-spin|collision-induced english}}}}
<dd> {{gli|Side spin}} imparted tae an {{gli|object ball}} bi the friction frae the hit o the {{gli|cue ball}} during a {{gli|cut shot}}. </dd>

{{Term| collision-induced throw }}
<dd> Deflection of an object ball's path away frae the impact line o a {{gli|cut shot}}, caused bi sliding friction atween the cue ball an the object ball. One o the two types of {{gli|throw}}. </dd>

{{Term|term= colour ball |content=colour ball {{anchor|colour-ball|coloured ball|colour|colours|color ball|color-ball|colored ball|color|colors}}}}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Set of Snookerballs.png|thumb|right|A complete set of snooker balls with 15 red balls, six '''coloured balls''' and cue ball.]]
{{ghat|Also '''coloured ball(s)''', '''colour(s)'''; American spelling '''color''' sometimes also used.}}
1.&nbsp; In [[snooker]], any of the {{gli|object ball|object balls}} that are not {{gli|red ball|reds}}. A colour ball must be {{gli|pot|potted}} after each red in the continuation of a {{gli|break}}, and are {{gli|re-spot|re-spotted}} until the reds run out, after which the colours must be potted in their order:
{{unbulleted list|style=margin-left:0.5em
|{{libull|{{gli|yellow ball|yellow}} (2 points);}}
|{{libull|{{gli|green ball|green}} (3 points);}}
|{{libull|{{gli|brown ball|brown}} (4 points);}}
|{{libull|{{gli|blue ball|blue}} (5 points);}}
|{{libull|{{gli|pink ball|pink}} (6 points);}}
|{{libull|{{gli|black ball|black}} (7 points).}}
}}
Although the full term includes "ball" after the colour, they are most commonly referred to with the omission of "ball", just stating the colour (e.g. "he's taken five blacks with reds so far"). }}
{{Defn|1=
2.&nbsp; In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], a generic, collective term for the {{gli|red ball|red}} and {{gli|yellow ball|yellow}} {{gli|group|groups}} of {{gli|object ball|object balls}}, corresponding to the (originally American, but used much more widely today) {{gli|solids}} and {{gli|stripes}}, respectively.<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}

{{Term|term= combination |content={{vanchor|combination|combinations|combination shot|combination shots|combination-shot|combo|combo shot|combo-shot|combos}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''combination shot''', '''combo'''.''
Ony shot in which the cue ball contacts an object ball, which in turn hits one or mair additional object balls (which in turn mey hit yet faur object balls) tae send the last-hit object ball tae an intendit place, uisually a pocket.<ref name="BCA"/> In the UK this is eften referred tae as a {{gli|plant}}. </dd>

{{Term| contact point }}
<dd> The pynt on each of two balls at which thay touch at the moment of impact.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| containing safety }}
<dd> A teep of {{gli|safety shot}} in the middle o a safety exchange that is nae intendit tae put the opponent in a difficult situation regarding thair next safety, but rather played sae as tae nae leave an easy {{gli|pot}} on. A teepical ensaumple in [[snooker]], which sees the maist shots of this kynd, is a slow {{gli|roll-up}} intae the {{gli|pack}}. </dd>

{{Term|term= corner-hooked |content=corner-hooked {{anchor|corner hooked|cornerhooked|corner-hook|cornerhook|corner hook}}}}
<dd> When the corner lip o a pocket blocks the path o the cue ball frae contacting an intendit object ball. Interchangeable with "{{gli|tittie-hooked}}".<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| corner pocket }}
<dd> Ony o the fower {{gli|pocket|pockets}} in each corner o a pool or [[snooker]] table. Thay hae a 90 degree aperture and as sic are cut deeper than centre pockets, which hae 180 degree apertures. </dd>

{{Term|term= count |content=count {{anchor|counts|Count|Counts|counting|counted|to count|count, to}} }}
<dd> 1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A successfu shot or score; mair common in carom games.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>
<dd> 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;The running score during a game {{gli|inning}} whaur multiple successive pynts hae been made.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| cotgrave }}
<dd> Similar tae {{gli|fluke}} whereby a shot is played with seemingly no aim tae a {{gli|pot}} or {{gli|snooker}} but ends up with the desired outcome.</dd>

{{Term| counter rack }}
<dd> {{ghat|Also '''counting rack''', '''counter ball rack''',<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|187}}  etc.}}
''Same as {{gli|scoring rack}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| cradle cannon }}
<dd> A teep of {{gli|nurse}} shot uised in [[English billiards]] in which two coloured balls are poseetioned on aither side o the mooth o a snooker table pocket but nae touching and, sicweys placed, can be  successively contacted and scored off over and over bi the cue ball wioot muivin them. The cradle cannon's first kent uise wis bi Walter Lovejoy in 1907. The unofficial record uisin the shot is held bi [[Tom Reece]] who in 1907, over the course o a month, scored 499,135 pynts uisin the cradle cannon afore stopping wioot missing. This feat prompted the Billiards Association tae outlaw the shot. The offeecial record is held bi William Cook with 42,746 pynts scored.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|62}} ''Compare {{gli|anchor nurse}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| creep }}
<dd> Deviation o a ball frae its initial direction of traivel. Eften the result o a poor-quality table and mey be an artifact o the {{gli|cloth}}, the {{gli|bed}}, a ball with uneven wecht distribution, or simply the floor the table stands on bein uneven. It should nae be confused with the {{gli|nap}} o the cloth. </dd>

{{Term| cribbage }}
<dd> A set of paired balls in the game of [[Cribbage (pool)|cribbage pool]] that hae a nummer value which combined equal 15. For ensaumple, the 8 ball an the 7 ball added thegither equal 15 and sicweys constitute one cribbage if pocketed in succession.<ref name="Fels">{{cite book |last=Fels |first=George |date=2000 |title=Pool Simplified, Somewhat |publisher=Courier Dover Publications |location=Mineola, New York |pages=9, 88–89 |isbn=0-486-41368-3}}</ref> </dd>

{{Term| cross }}
<dd> [[File:Hilfsqueue the cross.png|thumb|200px|Cross rake]]
''Also '''cross rake''' or '''jigger'''.'' A teep of {{gli|rest}}, with a straight {{gli|shaft}} and "x"-shaped heid for restin the {{gli|cue}} upon. </dd>

{{Term| cross-corner }}
<dd> A bank shot that rebounds frae a cushion intae a corner pocket across the table.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| cross double }}
<dd> A British term describing a {{gli|bank shot}} in which the {{gli|cue ball}} crosses the future path o the {{gli|object ball}}. Sic shots are uisually played intae a {{gli|center pocket}} acause thare is the danger o a {{gli|double kiss|double-kiss}} if played tae a {{gli|corner pocket}}. </dd>

{{Term| cross-side }}
<dd> A bank shot that rebounds frae a cushion and intae a side pocket.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| crotch }}
<dd> The corner formed bi the rails on a carom billiards table. In modren [[straight rail]] rules, anly three {{gli|count|counts}} mey be made while baith {{gli|object ball|object balls}} are inside the boundaries o the crotch afore one ball must be driven away. The boundaries of each o the fower crotch auries are measured bi drawing a line frae the first {{gli|diamond}} on the {{gli|end rail}} tae the seicont diamond on the {{gli|long rail}}.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term|term= Crucible curse |content=Crucible curse {{anchor|crucible curse|Crucible curse|Crucible curse, the|the Crucible curse|The Crucible curse}} }}
<dd> {{Main|Crucible curse}}
The phenomenon that ({{as of|lc=y|2019|post=)}} no first-time winner o the [[World Snooker Championship]] haes successfully defended the title the follaein year syne it moved tae the [[Crucible Theatre]] in 1977. </dd>

{{Term| cue }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Noun:'' ''Also '''cue stick'''.'' A stick, usually around 55 to 60 inches in length with a tip made of a material such as leather on the end and sometimes with a joint in the middle, which is used to propel billiard balls.
{{Main|Cue stick}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Noun:'' Sometimes "cue" is short for {{gli|cue ball}}. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Verb:'' ''Same as {{gli|stroke}}, definition 1 }}

{{Term| cue action }}
<dd> ''Chiefly British:'' The posture and timing uised bi players on thair shots, eften indicative of how thay play in thair shot selection. A fast, naitural player wad tend tae be mair aggressive whauras a less naturally gifted player might hae a slow action and tend tae be mair conservative on the table. It is widely thocht that better snooker players get lawer tae the table with thair chins on the {{gli|cue}}, hae a straight back leg, thair elbow hinging in line with the shot, an a straight follae-throu efter the {{gli|cue ball}} haes been struck.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}} </dd>

{{Term|term= cue ball |content=cue ball {{anchor|cueball|cue balls|cueballs|cue-ball|cue-balls}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''cue-ball''', '''cueball'''.''
The [[Billiard ball|ball]] in nearly ony [[cue sport]], teepically white in color, that a player strikes with a [[cue stick]].<ref name="BCA"/> Whiles referred tae as the "white ball", "whitey" or "the rock".<ref>[[MSG Plus|MSG+]] re-broadcast of the [[2011 Mosconi Cup]] 9-Ball Championship, final (aired August 12, 2012, 1:00 p.m.). [[Shane Van Boening]] and [[Johnny Archer]] vs. [[Nick van den Berg]] and [[Niels Feijen]]. In-context commentary at 18 min. in by pro and pool and billiards writer Jerry Forsyth: "He left the rock in a perfect line."</ref> ''For more information, see the [[billiard ball]] main article.'' </dd> In [[Russian pyramid]], the cue ball is uisually reid, but ony ball can be uised as a cue ball, with the exception of ''dynamic pyramid'' variant.

{{Term| cue ball control }}
<dd> ''See {{gli|position play}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| cue holder }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A portable device for holding cues upright and at the ready for immediate use. The most common types are either weighted and placed on a table top, with semicircular cut-outs into which cues may lean, or clamping varieties that firmly affix to a table and which have clips or holes into which cues are placed for added security. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{gli|cue stand}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Same as {{gli|wall rack}}.'' }}

{{Term| cue power }}
<dd> A chiefly British term describing the amount of control a player can retain when playin shots with hivy {{gli|spin}} and great pace; "it took tremendous cue power to get onto the 2 ball having been relatively straight on the 1". </dd>

{{Term|term= cue rack |content=cue rack {{anchor|cue racks|cuerack|cue-rack|cueracks|cue-racks}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1= ''Same as {{gli|cue stand}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1= ''Same as {{gli|wall rack}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= cue stand |content=cue stand {{anchor|cue stands|cuestand|cue-stand|cuestands|cue-stands}}}}
<dd> A piece of staund-alone or "island" furniture designed tae store [[cue stick]]s and whiles ither accessories sic as the {{gli|mechanical bridge}} ({{gli|rest}}), [[billiard ball|balls]], {{gli|chalk}}, etc., when nae in uise. ''Contrast {{gli|wall rack}}.'' </dd>

{{Term|term= cue stick |content=cue stick {{anchor|cuestick|cue sticks|cuestick|cuesticks|cue-stick|cue-sticks}}}}
<dd> ''Also '''cue-stick''', '''cuestick'''.''
''Same as {{gli|cue}}.''
{{Main|Cue stick}} </dd>

{{Term| cue tip }}
<dd> {{Details|Cue stick#Tips}}
A material, uisually leather, placed on the end o a cue stick which comes in contact with the cue ball.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| curve shot }}
<dd> ''Same as {{gli|semi-massé|semi-{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}. Compare {{gli|swerve shot}}.'' </dd>

{{Term| cueist }}
<dd> A player of [[cue sports]]. </dd>

{{Term| cushion }}
<dd> The elastic bumpers mounted on all rails o a billiards table, uisually made frae rubber or synthetic rubber, frae which the balls rebound.<ref name="BCA"/> </dd>

{{Term| cut shot }}
<dd> Technically, ony shot that is nae a center-tae-center hit, but awmaist ayeweys employed when describing a shot that haes mair nor a slicht degree of angle.<ref name="BCA"/> ''For specific cushion parts, see: {{gli|facing}}, {{gli|knuckle}}, and {{gli|nose}}.''</dd>

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==D==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term|term= "D", the |content="D", the {{anchor|the "D"|The "D"|the D|"D"|d, the|the d|D, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= A semicircle with an {{frac|11|1|2}}-inch (291&nbsp;mm) radius, drawn behind a snooker table's {{gli|baulk line}}, centred on the middle of the line, and resembling the upper case letter "D" in shape. The "D" is also used in [[English billiards]] and sometimes also in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] and other pool games played on [[Snooker table|British-style tables]].<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| dart stroke }}
{{Defn|1= A short and loose stroke performed in a manner similar to the way one throws a dart; usually employed for a {{gli|jump shot}}. ''See also {{gli|nip draw}}.'' }}

{{Term| dead |content=dead {{anchor|dead combination|dead combo|dead on|dead-on|dead kiss}}}}
{{Defn|1= When two or more {{gli|object ball|object balls}} are {{gli|frozen}} or nearly frozen to each other, such that {{gli|cue ball|cue-ball}} contact with one object ball, without the necessity of great accuracy, will almost certainly pocket an intended object ball in the {{gli|cluster}}. The most common form of dead arrangements are the '''dead combination''' or '''dead combo''' (a {{gli|combination|combination shot}} in which contact with the first object ball will pocket another one), and the '''dead kiss''', in which contact with the first object ball will pocket it off of another one. See also {{gli|wired}}.'' }}

{{Term| dead cushion }}
{{Defn|1= Same as  {{gli|dead rail}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| dead ball }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Short for {{gli|dead ball shot}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A ball that has been used for some time, with a dirty surface, as opposed to a slick new (or highly polished used) ball.<ref name="BDESaw"/> A {{gli|spin|spinning}} dead ball will transfer more spin to other balls it comes into contact with, and not be as {{gli|fast}} on the cloth. Even {{gli|cut shot}} angles may be affected because of the {{gli|cling}} or {{gli|skid}} (British: {{gli|kick}}) effect, and professional players often ask a referee to clean a ball, mid-game.{{Citation needed|date=August 2008}}<!--Should be easy to source.-->  Others may actually be more used to dead balls and prefer them.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}

{{Term| dead ball shot }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|kill shot}}.''<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| dead rail }}
{{Defn|1= A {{gli|cushion}} that has either lost a degree of elastic resiliency or is not firmly bolted to the frame, in both cases causing balls to rebound with less energy than is normal. }}

{{Term| dead stroke }}
{{Defn|1= When a player is playing flawlessly, just "cannot miss" and the game seems effortless. }}

{{Term| deadweight }}
{{Defn|1= Describing a {{gli|pot}} played at such a pace as to just reach the {{gli|pocket}} and drop in without hitting the back. }}

{{Term| deflection }}
{{Defn|1= Displacement of the cue ball's path away from the parallel line formed by the cue stick's direction of travel; occurs every time {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} is employed. The degree of deflection increases as the amount of {{Not a typo|english}} applied increases. It is also called '''squirt''', typically in the United States. {{paragraph break}} The physics of the squirt or deflection phenomenon has been analyzed in other contexts, such as with [[Puck (ice hockey)|ice-hockey pucks]].<ref>{{cite journal |title=Application of high-speed imaging to determine the dynamics of billiards |first1=S. |last1=Mathavan |first2=M. R. |last2=Jackson |first3=R. M. |last3=Parkin |work=[[American Journal of Physics]] |volume=77 |issue=9 |date=September 2009 |publisher=[[American Association of Physics Teachers]] |doi=10.1119/1.3157159 |page=792 |url= http://billiards.colostate.edu/physics/ajp_09_hsv_article.pdf |access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=The polar moment of inertia of striking implements |first=Rod |last=Cross |work=Sports Technology |volume=3 |pages=215–219 |date=July 2010 |doi=10.1080/19346182.2011.564287 |archive-url= http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~cross/PUBLICATIONS/53.%20PolarMOI.pdf |archive-date=January 25, 2011 |url-status=live |url= https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232993626_The_polar_moment_of_inertia_of_striking_implements |access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref> ''Squirt'' has also been applied metaphorically in [[sports journalism]] and the [[Video game journalism|gaming press]] to describe the escape of a ball or puck from player control.<ref>{{cite news |title=Danny Amendola Makes Ridiculous Catch to Put Bills Out of Their Misery |date=September 20, 2015 |first=Sean |last=Newell |work=Vice Sports |publisher=[[Vice Media]] |url= https://sports.vice.com/ca/highlight/danny-amendola-makes-ridiculous-catch-to-put-bills-out-of-their-misery |access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=NHL 11 Review: Icing On The Cake |first=Matt |last=Gardner |work=Dealspwn.com |date=September 22, 2010 |url= http://www.dealspwn.com/nhl-11-review-35348 |access-date=June 24, 2016}}</ref> However, it remains primarily a cue sports technical term, and does not appear to be frequently used as jargon in football, hockey, or other sports.</p>}}

{{Term| deliberate foul }}
{{Defn|1= A shot, especially common in [[straight pool]] and in some variants of [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] (but not WEPF/EPA rules<ref name="WEPFRules"/>), in which a player intentionally commits a {{gli|foul}} with the object in mind of either leaving the opponent with little chance of {{gli|run out|running out}} or simply to avoid shooting where no good shot is presented and to do anything else would give the opponent an advantage. It is often referred to in straight pool as a "back scratch." }}

{{Term| designate }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|call}}. (Formal.)'' }}

{{Term| develop }}
{{Defn|1= To move a ball (usually deliberately) from a safe position, e.g. close to the middle of a {{gli|cushion}} or in a {{gli|cluster}}, so that it becomes {{gli|pot|pottable}}. }}

{{Term|term= diamond |content=diamond {{anchor|diamonds}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=[[File:Pool table diamond samples2.jpg|thumb|right|A manufacturer's sample board showing various styles of {{gli|diamond}} inlays for [[billiard table]]s.]]One of a number of identical markings, usually inlaid into the surface above the rail cushions, used as target or reference points. Three equally spaced diamonds are normally between each pocket on a pool table. On a [[Carom billiards|carom]] table, the pockets themselves are replaced by additional diamonds. Diamonds get their name from the shape of the markings traditionally used; though many today are round, square, etc., these rail markings are still referred to as "diamonds". They are also referred to as {{gli|sight|sights}}, especially in British English. ''(See also {{gli|diamond system}}.)'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=[[File:Seven-ball diamond rack 1a.jpg|thumb|left|{{gli|rack|Racking}} up a game of [[seven-ball]] using the {{gli|diamond}} [[Rack (billiards)|rack]] more commonly used for [[nine-ball]], but sideways. The [[Billiard ball|1 ball]] is about to be placed on the {{gli|foot spot}} to complete the rack.]]A particular shape of [[Rack (billiards)|ball rack]], in the form of a [[parallelogram]] ("diamond shape"), used for {{gli|rack|racking}} games of [[nine-ball]] and [[seven-ball]], though the {{gli|triangle|triangle rack}} can also be used for the former, and [[hexagon]]al racks also exist for the latter. ''(See also {{gli|triangle}}.)''{{clear|left}} }}

{{Term| diamond system }}
{{Defn|1= Any system for {{gli|bank shot|banking}} or {{gli|kick shot|kicking}} balls multiple rails which uses table {{gli|diamonds}} as aiming references. }}

{{Term| discipline }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A [[cue sports]] game (such as [[eight-ball]], [[three-cushion billiards]], [[Balkline and straight rail|18.2 balkline]], etc.), especially as a professional or serious amateur specialization: "He was a World Champion in three billiards disciplines."{{Citation needed|date=August 2008|reason=Definition not challenged; this tag is here to clearly indicated that the APTSA source in defn. 2 does not source defn. 1 as well.}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=An [[artistic pool]] term for a category of [[trick shot]]s; artistic pool is divided into eight disciplines, and [[Artistic Pool & Trick Shot Association|APTSA]] tournaments present both discipline-specific and all-around awards.<ref name="APTSA Rules"/> }}

{{Term| dish }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|run out}}'' (chiefly British). ''See also {{gli|break and dish}}.'' }}

{{Term| divot }}
{{Defn|1= An indentation in the {{gli|cloth}} of the [[Billiard table|table]], especially at the {{gli|foot spot}} where the {{cuegloss|apex|apex ball}} is often tapped into secure position during {{gli|rack (noun)|racking}}. In extreme cases, the indentation may actually be in the slate {{gli|bed}} of the table, from excessive tapping over many years, and can cause unexpected {{cuegloss|table roll}}s. A {{gli|racking template}} is used to intentionally create minor divots for all of the balls in a rack.  }}

{{Term|term= dog |content=dog {{anchor|dogs|dog it|dogged|dogging|to dog|dog, to}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''dog it'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A widespread term in US parlance describing missing a relatively easy shot—often in the face of pressure. Can be used in many forms: "I dogged the shot"; "I hope he dogs it"; "I'm such a dog."<ref name="Brandt"/><ref name="USOpen06-2">[[SportsNet New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[US Open Nine-ball Championship]] (aired November 29, 2007). [[John Schmidt (pool player)|John Schmidt]] vs. [[Tyler Eddy]]. In-context commentary by pool pro [[Danny DiLiberto]]. "[John] Schmidt unbelievably dogs a straight in eight ball."</ref>  ''See also {{gli|choke}}, {{gli|one-stroke}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{gli|slop}} shot'' (chiefly Southern US, colloquial). }}

{{Term| dots }}
{{Defn|1= In chiefly UK parlance, the non-striped ball {{gli|group}} of a fifteen ball set that are numbered 1 through 7 and have a solid color scheme. ''Compare {{gli|solids}}, {{gli|red ball|reds}}, {{gli|low}}, {{gli|small}}, {{gli|little}}, {{gli|spots}}, {{gli|unders}}; contrast {{gli|stripes}}.'' }}

{{Term| double }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|bank shot}}'' (chiefly British). }}

{{Term|term= double century |content=double century {{anchor|double-century break|double century break|double-century break}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''double-century break'''.''
In [[English billiards]], a {{gli|break}} of 200–299 {{gli|point|points}} (i.e. double a {{gli|century}}).<ref name="TNQ2">{{cite web |title=Geet Sethi crowned World Billiards Champion for the 8th Time! |url= http://www.tnq.in/GS_newstory.html |work=TNQ.in |publisher=TNQ Sponsorship (India) Pvt. Ltd. |date=2006 |access-date=November 30, 2007}} Establishes usage.</ref> Larger multi-centuries are regularly achieved. Rare in amateur play, triple centuries are routine (and quadruples not uncommon) at [[World Professional Billiards Championship]]s; 2007 winner [[Mike Russell (billiards player)|Mike Russell]] shot four triples in the final round alone, while of sixteen competitors, three shot quadruple centuries (one once, one twice, and Russell three times). ''Quintuple'' centuries are rare even at the professional level, with only the 494 shot by nine-time world champion Russell (who has more such titles than any other player in history as of 2007) coming close in that event.<ref name="EABA1">{{cite web |title=2007 World Professional Billiards Championship |at="Tournaments" section |work=EABAonline |url=http://www.eaba.co.uk/tournaments/2006-07/worldProfessional2007.html |publisher=English Amateur Billiards Association |date=2007 |access-date=December 1, 2007}}</ref> {{As of|2007|post=,}} Peter Gilchrist holds the world record, with a ''[[Numerical prefix|tredecuple]]'' century of 1346 consecutive points.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sethi's world record billiards break surpassed by Gilchrist|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/sport/report_sethi-s-world-record-billiards-break-surpassed-by-gilchrist_1125888|agency=[[Press Trust of India|PTI]]|date=October 6, 2007|newspaper=[[Daily News and Analysis]]}}</ref> }}

{{Term| double cheeseburger, the }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|hill-hill|hill, hill}}.'' }}

{{Term| double-elimination }}
{{Defn|1= {{Main|Double-elimination tournament}}
<span id="Double elimination"></span><!--Old heading title; may be linked-to from somewhere.-->''Also '''double elimination'''.''
A tournament format in which a player must lose two {{gli|match|matches}} in order to be eliminated.<ref name="BCA"/>   ''Contrast {{gli|single-elimination}}.'' }}

{{Term| double hit }}
{{Defn|1= An illegal shot ({{gli|foul}}) in which the [[cue stick]]'s {{gli|tip}} contacts the {{gli|cue ball}} twice during a single {{gli|stroke}}. Double hits often occur when a player shoots the cue ball when it is very close to an {{gli|object ball}} or {{gli|cushion}}, because it is difficult to move the cue stick away quickly enough after the cue ball rebounds from the cushion or object ball.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| double kiss }}
{{Defn|1= A situation in which a ball strikes another ball which is close to a rail and the struck ball rebounds back into the ball it was hit by; usually but not always unintended.<ref name="Brandt"/><ref name="USOpen06-2"/> }}

{{Term| double shimmed }}
{{Defn|1= A pool table where two [[shim (engineering)|shims]] have been placed on the sides of each pocket (in the {{gli|jaws}} beneath the cloth), making the pockets "tighter" (smaller). Such tables are "tougher" than unshimmed or single-shimmed tables. }}

{{Term| double the rail }}
{{Defn|1= ''Sometimes called a '''snake shot'''.'' A carom billiards shot, common in [[three-cushion billiards]], where the cue ball is shot with {{gli|reverse english|reverse {{Not a typo|english}}}} at a relatively shallow angle down the rail, and spins backwards off the adjacent rail back into the first rail.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| double the pocket }}
{{Defn|1= To intentionally rebound the {{gli|cue ball}} off both of the {{gli|pocket}} {{gli|point|points}} to achieve {{gli|position}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| doubles }}
{{Defn|1= A form of team play in which two players compete against another team of two players in any given {{gli|frame}} or {{gli|match}}. In a doubles game, the first player from the breaking team is the only one who shoots during the opening {{gli|inning}}, with control of the table passing to a member of the opposing team at the end of that inning, then upon the end of the opponent's inning to the doubles partner of the original player, and next to the second opponent, play proceeding in this doubly alternating manner until concluded. ''Contrast {{gli|scotch doubles|Scotch doubles}}.'' }}

{{Term| down-table }}
{{Defn|1= Toward the {{gli|foot}} of the [[Billiard table|table]]. }}

{{Term|term= down-trou |content={{lang|en-NZ|down-trou}} {{anchor|downtrou|down trou}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''downtrou'''.'' <!-- Note: [[Down-trou]], [[Downtrou]] and [[Down trou]] redirect to this entry as #down-trou -->
A traditional informal ({{gli|bar pool|pub pool}} and university student) rule, in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] and [[eight-ball]] in Australia and New Zealand, is the "down-[[Trousers|trou]]" or "pantsing" requirement:  One who loses without pocketing any of one's own {{gli|object ball|object balls}} is expected to honor this humiliation by dropping one's pants<ref name="Stickmen1">{{cite video
 | people     = Scott Wills speaking as the character Wayne; Kirk Torrance as character Holden; Hamish Rothwell, director
 | date       = 2001
 | title      = [[Stickmen (film)|Stickmen]]
 | medium     = DVD
 | publisher  = Monarch
 | location   = New Zealand
 | time       = 1:08:58, beginning of Wayne's run-out off the break; 1:10:54, conclusion of perfect run-out without opponent, Caller, ever getting a chance to shoot or Wayne accidentally pocketing any of Caller's balls; 1:11:10, Wayne calls his ''defeat'' of Caller "a down-trou"; 1:12:20, Holden demands a down-trou after a Wayne/Caller fight over the matter is broken up, using the noun "down-trou" to refer to the ''act'' of dropping one's pants
}}</ref> (or skirt). Such a player may be said to have been "pantsed". Depending on local tradition, the loser may be expected hobble a full lap around the pool table with one's pants around one's ankles, or even fully naked.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}}  The "down-trou" term seems favoured in New Zealand, and "pantsing/pantsed" in Australia. {{Clarify|date=January 2009}}<!--Does it also apply to being run out on in nine-ball, etc.?  Also, is this used as a verb - "I'm gonna down-trou you"? (If so, need source saying so.) --> This seems to be an outgrowth of a university hazing practice called [[debagging]] or pantsing.}}

{{Term| drag shot }}
{{Defn|1= A shot played slowly and with heavy {{gli|draw}} and {{gli|follow-through}} so that the {{gli|cue ball}} can be struck firmly but with a lot of the pace taken out, allowing more control than just a gentle tap that would travel as far. Also called "Drag Draw". }}

{{Term| draw }}
{{Defn|1= Also known as {{gli|back spin}}, a type of spin applied to the {{gli|cue ball}} by hitting it below its {{gli|equator}}, causing it to spin backwards even as it slides forward on the cloth. Back spin slows the cue ball down, reduces its travel, and narrows both the {{gli|carom|carom angle}} after contact with an {{gli|object ball}}, and {{gli|angle of reflection}} off a {{gli|cushion}}. There are several variant terms for this, including "bottom" and "bottom spin" in the US and "screw" in the UK. Draw is thought to be the first spin technique understood by billiards players prior to the introduction of leather tips, and was in use by the 1790s.<ref name="TIEOB"/>  ''See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.'' }}

{{Term| draw shot }}
{{Defn|1= A shot in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is struck below its equator with sufficient {{gli|draw}} to make it reverse direction at the moment of contact with an {{gli|object ball}} because it is still {{gli|back spin|back-spinning}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/> When the object and cue balls are lined up square, the reversal will be directly backwards, while on a cut shot, the effect will alter the {{gli|carom}} angle. It can also refer to any shot to which draw is applied, as in "draw it off the foot rail just to the left of the center diamond". ''See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.'' }}

{{Term| drill }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A set practice routine; }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=To beat badly; "I drilled my opponent." }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In British terminology, a {{gli|bank shot}}. }}

{{Term| drop pockets }}
{{Defn|1= Netted or cupped pockets that do not return the balls to the foot end of the table by means of a gutter system or sloped surface beneath (they must instead be retrieved manually).<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| dry break }}
{{Defn|1= A break shot in pool on which zero object balls are potted}}

{{Term| duck }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=(Noun): Derived from "sitting duck", usually referring to an {{gli|object ball}} sitting close to a {{gli|pocket}} or so positioned that is virtually impossible to miss. ''Same as {{gli|hanger}} (US, colloquial), {{gli|sitter}} (UK).'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=(Verb): To intentionally play a {{gli|safety}}. }}

{{Term| dump }}
{{Defn|1= To intentionally lose a game, e.g. to disguise one's actual playing ability.<ref name="tcom">''[[The Color of Money (film)|The Color of Money]]'' (film), [[Richard Price (writer)|Richard Price]] (screenplay, based on [[The Color of Money (novel)|the novel]] by [[Walter Tevis]]), [[Martin Scorsese]] (director), [[1986 in film|1986]]; uses a lot of pool terminology in-context.</ref> An extreme form of {{gli|sandbag|sandbagging}}. ''See also {{gli|hustle}}.''  ''See also [[Match fixing]] for the synonym "tank", used in sports more generally.'' }}

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==E==
{{Glossary}}
[[File:8-Ball.jpg|thumb|An 8 ball]]
{{Term|term= 8 ball |content=8 ball {{anchor|8-ball|8ball|the 8|8, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''the 8'''.''
The {{gli|money ball}} ({{gli|game ball}} or {{gli|frame ball}}) in a game of [[eight-ball]] and related games {{crossref|(see next entry)}}. It is the last ball that must be {{gli|pocket|pocketed}}, after the {{gli|suit}} of seven {{gli|object ball|object balls}} belonging to the player shooting for the 8 (pocketing the 8 ball early is a loss of game—unless done {{gli|on the break}}, in most rules variants). It is usually black in colour with the numeral "8" in a white circle. In other games, such as [[nine-ball]] and [[straight pool]], the 8 is simply an object ball. Due to its striking coloration and regular use as a money ball, it is [[Eight ball (disambiguation)|commonly used as a symbol in popular culture]]<!--Intentional link to disambiguation page.-->.
}}

{{Term| eight-ball |content=eight-ball {{anchor|eight-ball|eightball|eight ball}}}}
{{Defn|1= One of several games ultimately derived from a game called B.B.C. Company pool, promulgated by the [[Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company]] from around 1900 to the 1920s. They have in common the use of a {{gli|rack}} of fifteen {{gli|object ball|object balls}} and a single {{gli|cue ball}}, a hard {{gli|break}} from behind the {{gli|head string}} or {{gli|baulk line}}, and a goal of {{gli|pocket|pocketing}} ({{gli|pot|potting}}) all of one's own {{gli|suit}} of balls then finally the black 8 ball. There are three general types of this game:
* [[eight-ball]], an originally American and now internationally standardized professional version, also subject to competitive team play in numerous leagues. It is the most-played form of competition pool in the world, though not for professionals, among whom [[nine-ball]] dominates. Uses a set of {{gli|stripes|striped}} and {{gli|solids|solid}} numbered balls. Ball-and-pocket are {{gli|call pocket|called}} for each shot, with {{gli|foul|fouls}} ({{gli|fault|faults}}) resulting in {{gli|ball-in-hand|cue ball in-hand}} for the opponent, anywhere on the table.
* [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] a.k.a. eightball pool, an originally British variant, also favoured in many Commonwealth countries, and parts of Continental Europe, with amateur and professional leagues. The two names reflect slightly variant rulesets, which differ primarily in handling of {{gli|fault|faults}} ({{gli|foul|fouls}}). Shots are not {{gli|call shot|called}}. Uses a set of {{gli|yellows|yellow}} and {{gli|reds|red}} balls. {{gli|Pub pool}} usually consists of minor local variations on one of these two standardised rule sets.
* "straight eight" a.k.a. {{gli|bar pool}}, a widely divergent set of variations on standard eight-ball, and also using the stripes-and-solids ball set. Usually requires a very strict version of {{gli|called-shot}} play, in which every aspect of a shot must be pre-specified, including {{gli|kiss|kisses}}, {{gli|carom|caroms}}, {{gli|kick|kicks}}, and {{gli|bank|banks}}, with loss of turn resulting from any deviation. Outright {{gli|foul|fouls}} ({{gli|fault|faults}}) result in {{gli|ball-in-hand|cue ball in-hand}} for the opponent, behind the {{gli|head string}} only. Rules may vary from venue to venue even within the same city. These variants arose primarily to drag out the game on coin-operated tables ("{{gli|bar box|bar boxes}}"). In North America, many casual recreational players are unaware any other form of pool exists beyond bar pool.
}}

{{Term| end rail }}
{{Defn|1= Either of the two shorter {{gli|rail|rails}} of a billiards table.}}

{{Term| english }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' Also known as {{gli|side spin}}, {{Not a typo|english}} (which is usually not capitalized)<ref name="Lassiter 1965">{{cite book |first=Luther |last=Lassiter |author-link=Luther Lassiter |first2=George |last2=Sullivan |title=Billiards for Everyone |location=New York |publisher=[[Grosset & Dunlap]] |page=35 |date=1965}}</ref> is {{gli|spin}} placed on the {{gli|cue ball}} when hit with the [[Cue stick|cue]] {{gli|cue tip|tip}} to the left or right of the ball's center. English has a marked effect on {{gli|cue ball}} rebound angle off {{gli|cushion|cushions}} (though not off {{gli|object ball|object balls}}), and is thus crucial for gaining {{gli|shape}}; and can be used to "{{gli|throw}}" an object ball slightly off its otherwise expected trajectory, to {{gli|cheat the pocket}}, and for other effects. "English" is sometimes used more inclusively, to colloquially also refer to {{gli|follow}} and {{gli|draw}}. In combination one could say bottom-right english, or like the face of a clock (4 o'clock english).<ref name="BCA"/> The British and Irish do not use this term, instead preferring "{{gli|side}}". ''See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.''
}}

{{Term| equator }}
{{Defn|1= The horizontal plane directly in the center of the {{gli|cue ball}}, which when hit exactly by the {{gli|cue tip}} should impart no {{gli|follow}} or {{gli|draw}}. }}

{{Term| escape }}
{{Defn|1= A successful attempt to get out of a {{gli|snooker}}. }}

{{Term| extension }}
[[File:Snooker cue and extensions.png|thumb|right|200px|Snooker cue with two attachable extensions]]
{{Defn|no=1|1=Any mechanical aid that serves to extend the length of the player's [[Cue stick|cue]], normally added to the end of the {{gli|butt}} either by clipping around the end or screwing into the base. Though extensions are used for pool, it is more common in snooker because of the significantly larger table size. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In a tournament where players get limited time to make their shots (common in televised matches), an extension is extra time granted before making a shot; players have a limited number of extensions in each {{gli|frame}}. }}

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==F==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term|term= face |content=face {{anchor|faces|cushion face|rail face|face of the cushion|face of the rail}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''cushion face'''.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}}
The protrusion of the playing edge of the {{gli|cushion}} from the {{gli|rail}} over the {{gli|bed}} of the table.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9<!--Illustrates usage; doesn't provide a written definition.-->}}  The furthest-protruding point of the face is known as the {{gli|nose}} of the cushion. The {{gli|playing area}} of the table is the space between the faces (technically, the noses) of the cushions.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} }}

{{Term|term=facing |content=facing {{anchor|facings}} }}
{{Defn|1=[[File:Pocket facings comparison.jpg|thumb|400px|A comparison of the pocket facings of (left-to-right): an American [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] table (side pocket); a British-style [[snooker]] table (corner pocket); and a [[Russian pyramid]] table (side pocket).]]The facings of a {{gli|pocket}} are the portions of the rail {{gli|cushion}}s that line the {{gli|jaw}}s of the pocket. Facings vary widely by game. [[Pool (cue sports)|Pool]] facings are flat and angled rather wide, on pockets notably larger than the balls, to act much like the [[Backboard (basketball)|backboard in basketball]], in that a shot can be directed into the facing to cause it to angle off the facing into the pocket. They are reinforced with plastic shims between the cushion rubber and the {{gli|cloth}}, to reduce wear and tear. Snooker facings are curved and not angled, providing a smooth transition between the rails and the pockets, which are not much wider than the balls, thus preventing any backboard effect (snooker shots must be almost perfectly straight in). The facings in [[Russian billiards]] are even more challenging, being straight and angled inward rather than outward, which results in the {{gli|knuckles}} of the pocket, barely wide enough to accept a ball, rejecting any but the most accurate shots.}}

{{Term| fall }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Verb, passive, intransitive: For a ball to be pocketed. "The 8 ball fell early, so the game was over quickly." }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Noun: The curved edge cut into the table {{gli|bed}} at which the hole of the {{gli|pocket}} actually begins inside the pocket {{gli|jaws}}.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|4}} The fall may be a sheer drop, as on tournament-standard [[snooker]] tables, or have a beveled, down-sloping rim, as on [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] tables. A ball is, of course, much more likely to {{gli|hang}} when there is no bevel. How far into the pocket the fall begins is one factor that determines "{{gli|pocket speed}}" or difficulty. }}

{{Term| fast }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Describes a [[billiard table]] with tightly woven and broken-in (but clean) {{gli|cloth}} ([[baize]]), upon which the balls move<!--"Move" is used here on purpose, as it applies to sliding as well as rolling action.--> quicker and farther.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} ''See {{gli|table speed}} for more information.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Producing lively action; said of {{gli|cushion|cushions}} or of the balls, in addition to the above, cloth-related definition.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|96}} }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=Unusually accepting of balls; said of [[Pocket (billiards)|pockets]]; ''see {{gli|pocket speed}} (sense 1) for more information''.
"{{gli|slow|Slow}}" is the direct opposite of "fast" in all of these usages. }}

{{Term| fat }}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|undercut}}.'' }}

{{Term| fault }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|foul}}'' (chiefly British, and declining in usage; even the WPA and WEFP [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] rules use "foul"). }}

{{Term|term= feather |content=feather {{anchor|feathers|feathered|feathering|feather shot|feather-shot|feathershot}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''feather shot'''.''
A very thin {{gli|cut shot}} in which the cue ball just brushes the edge of an object ball. "Feather" by itself can be both noun and verb (e.g. "feathering the ball").<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|238}}<ref name="BCA"/> ''See also {{gli|snick}}.'' }}

{{Term| felt }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|cloth}}'' (deprecated; it is factually incorrect, as [[felt]] is a completely different kind of cloth from [[baize]]). }}

{{Term| ferrule }}
{{Defn|1= A sleeve, permanently fitted onto the [[lathe]]d-down tip end of the [[Cue stick|cue]], made from [[fiberglass]], [[phenolic resin]], [[brass]], [[ivory]], [[Horn (anatomy)|horn]] or [[antler]], [[melamine]], [[plastic]], or other rigid material, upon which the {{gli|cue tip}} is mounted and which protects the {{gli|shaft}} wood from splitting due to impact with the {{gli|cue ball}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| firewood }}
{{Defn|1= Common slang in the U.S. for a cheap, poorly made cue. ''Compare {{gli|wood}}.'' }}

{{Term| fish }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=An easy {{gli|mark}}; }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A person who loses money gambling and keeps coming back for more; }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=Sometimes, a poor player; }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=As a verb, either to hit the balls hard with no intention in mind other than to get lucky and perhaps scatter the balls a bit more ("hit-and-hope"), or to shoot hard at the {{gli|money ball}} with the same intention ("smash-and-pray"). ''Compare {{gli|slop}} and {{gli|fluke}}; contrast {{gli|mark}} (sense 3) and {{gli|call}}.'' }}

{{Term| flagrant foul }}
{{Defn|1= A {{gli|foul}} where the rules are blatantly, intentionally violated; in contexts in which this qualifies as [[unsportsmanlike conduct]], a stiffer penalty may apply (e.g. loss of {{gli|frame}}) than normal for a foul. }}

{{Term| flat-back pack }}
{{Defn|1= In snooker, a situation during a {{gli|frame}} in which the first line of the remaining {{gli|red ball|reds}} grouped together, where the original {{gli|pack}} was, are in a straight horizontal line. This has implications when opening the pack, as a {{cuegloss|full-ball}} contact off the top cushion will usually cause the cue-ball to stick to the red and fail to develop a potting opportunity. }}

{{Term| fluke }}
{{Defn|1= A shot that has an ostensibly positive outcome for the player, although it was not what the player intended. Examples of flukes include an unexpected {{gli|pot}} off several {{gli|cushion|cushions}} or other balls having missed the pocket aimed for, or a lucky {{gli|safety}} position after having missed a shot. Many players are apologetic after a fluke, and in most games such an accident is a loss of turn. Some rule sets (most notably those of [[nine-ball]] and related games generally, and the [[eight-ball]] rules of the [[American Poolplayers Association]] and its affiliates) count flukes as valid, point-making shots. ''Compare {{gli|fish}} and {{gli|slop}}; contrast {{gli|mark}} (sense 3) and {{gli|call}}.'' }}

{{Term| follow }}
{{Defn|1= The forward rotation of the {{gli|cue ball}} that results from a {{gli|follow shot}}. Also known as '''{{gli|top spin}}''' or '''top''', follow is applied to the {{gli|cue ball}} by hitting it above its {{gli|equator}}, causing it to spin more rapidly in the direction of travel than it would simply by rolling on the cloth from a center-ball hit. Follow speeds the cue ball up, and widens both the {{gli|carom|carom angle}} after contact with an {{gli|object ball}}, and {{gli|angle of reflection}} off a {{gli|cushion}}. ''See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.'' }}

{{Term| follow shot }}
{{Defn|1= A shot in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is struck above its equator with sufficient {{gli|top spin}} to cause the cue ball to travel forward after it contacts an {{gli|object ball}}. When a cue ball with follow on it contacts an object ball squarely (a center-to-center hit), the cue ball travels directly forward through the space previously occupied by the object ball (and can sometimes even be used to pocket a second ball). By contrast, on a cut shot, a cue ball with follow on it will first travel on the {{gli|tangent line}} after striking the object ball, and then arc forward, widening the {{gli|carom}} angle.<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.'' }}

{{Term| follow-through }}
{{Defn|1= On a shot, the extension of the [[cue stick]] through the {{gli|cue ball}} position during the end of a player's stroke in the direction originally aimed.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| foot }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The half of the [[Billiard table|table]] in which the {{gli|object ball|object balls}} are {{gli|rack|racked}} (in games in which racked balls are used). This usage is conceptually opposite that in British English, where this end of the table is called the {{gli|top}}. ''Contrast {{gli|head}}.'' }}

{{Term| foot cushion }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The {{gli|cushion}} on the {{gli|foot rail}}. ''Compare {{gli|top cushion}}; contrast {{gli|head cushion}}.'' }}

{{Term| foot rail }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The {{gli|short rail}} at the {{gli|foot}} of the [[Billiard table|table]]. Frequently used imprecisely, to mean {{gli|foot cushion}}. ''Compare {{gli|top rail}}; contrast {{gli|head rail}}.'' }}

{{Term| foot spot }}
{{Defn|1= The point on the table surface over which the apex ball of a rack is centered (in most games). It is the point half the distance between the {{gli|long rail|long rails}}' second diamonds from the end of the racking end of the table. The foot spot is the intersection of the {{gli|foot string}} and the {{gli|long string}}, and is typically marked with a cloth or paper decal on pool tables.<ref name="BCA"/>   ''Contrast {{gli|head spot}}.'' }}

{{Term| foot string }}
{{Defn|1= An imaginary line running horizontally across a billiards table from the second diamond (from the foot end of the table) on one long rail to the corresponding second diamond on the other long rail. The foot string intersects the {{gli|long string}} at the {{gli|foot spot}}. It is rarely drawn on the table.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| forced shot }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|cheat the pocket|cheating the pocket}}.'' Principally used in [[snooker]]. }}

{{Term| force follow }}
{{Defn|1= A powerful {{gli|follow shot}} with a high degree of {{gli|top spin}} on it; usually when the {{gli|object ball}} being hit is relatively close to the {{gli|cue ball}} and is being hit very full;<ref name="BCA"/>  also known as "prograde top spin" or "prograde follow" (when referring to the action on the shot rather than the shot ''per se''), and as a "{{lang|en-AU|jenny}}" in Australia. }}

{{Term| forward spin }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|follow}} ({{gli|top spin}}).'' }}

{{Term| foul }}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Sometimes interchangeable with {{gli|scratch}}, though the latter is often used only to refer to the foul of pocketing the cue ball.}}
A violation of a particular game's rules for which a set penalty is imposed. In many pool games the penalty for a foul is ball-in-hand anywhere on the table for the opponent. In some games such as straight pool, a foul results in a loss of one or more points. In one-pocket, in which a set number of balls must be made in a specific pocket, upon a foul the player must return a ball to the table. In some games, three successive fouls in a row is a loss of game. In straight pool, a third successive foul results in a loss of 16 points (15 plus one for the foul).<ref name="BCA"/>

Possible foul situations (non-exhaustive):
{{unbulleted list|style=margin-left:0.5em
|{{libull|1=The player shoots the cue ball first into a ball that is not an object ball;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player shoots and after contacting an object ball, no ball is pocketed and neither the cue ball nor a numbered ball contacts a cushion (excepting {{gli|push out}} rules);<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player pockets the cue ball ''(see {{gli|scratch}})'';<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player does not have at least one foot on the floor at the moment of shooting;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player shoots the cue ball before all other balls have come to a complete stop;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player hits the cue ball more than once during a shot (a {{gli|double hit}});<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player touches the cue ball with something other than the tip of the cue;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player touches any ball other than the cue ball;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player causes a ball to leave the table's playing surface without it returning (e.g., jumping a ball off the table);<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player marks the table in any manner to aid in aiming;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player who has ball-in-hand, touches an object ball with the cue ball while attempting to place the cue ball on the table;<ref name="BCA"/>}}
|{{libull|1=The player shoots in such a manner that his cue tip stays in contact with the cue ball for more than the momentary time commensurate with a stroked shot (a {{gli|push shot}}).<ref name="BCA"/>}}
}} }}

{{Term| frame }}
{{Defn|1= A term especially used in [[snooker]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]<ref name="WEPFRules"/> but also in the US for each {{gli|rack}} from the {{gli|break}} off until a {{gli|clearance}}, losing foul or concession has been made. A {{gli|match}} is made up of several frames. ''See also {{gli|game}} (sense 1), which has a slightly broader meaning.'' }}

{{Term| frame ball }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|game ball}}'' (chiefly in [[snooker]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]). The term is sometimes used figuratively, to refer to the last difficult shot required to win. }}

{{Term|term= free ball |content=free ball {{anchor|free balls|free shot|free shots|free-ball|freeball|free-shot|freeshot}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''free shot'''.''
[[File:Snooker Freeball.png|thumb|right|200px|Freeball situation. Red is snookered, Blue can be called.]]
A situation where a player has {{gli|foul|fouled}}, leaving the opponent {{gli|snooker|snookered}}. In [[Eight-ball#UK|UK eight-ball]] this would normally give the opponent the option of one of two plays: (1) {{gli|ball-in-hand}} with {{gli|two shots}}; (2) being allowed to contact, or even {{gli|pot}}, a ball other than one from his/her set from the snookered position (although the black may not be potted), with the loss of the first shot. In addition, some variations of the game allow the player to pot one of the opposition's balls, on the first visit only, without the loss of a "free shot".

In [[snooker]] it allows a player to call any ball as the ball she/he would have wanted to play, potting it for the same number of points, or the opponent can be put back in without the same privilege, having to play the ball snookered on. The definition of ''snooker'' on this occasion means the opponent cannot strike both extreme edges of the {{gli|object ball}} (or a cluster of touching balls).<!-- Not sure this agrees with what is said at [[#two shots]] and [[#two-shot carry]]. --> }}

{{Term| free stroking }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Pocketing well and quickly but without much thought for position play. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Playing loose and carefree. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Same as {{gli|dead stroke}}.'' }}

{{Term| freeze up }}
{{Defn|1= To dedicate a set amount of money that a gambling match will be played to; no one may quit until one player or the other has won the "frozen up" funds. }}

{{Term| frozen }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' A resting ball that is in actual contact with a {{gli|cushion}} or with one or more other balls is said to be "frozen" (or, colloquially, "froze") to that cushion or the touching ball(s).<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|239}}<ref name="BCA"/>  ''(For '''frozen combination/combo''', '''frozen kiss''', etc., that is almost impossible to miss, see the more common variants under {{gli|dead}}).''  The chiefly British "{{gli|tight}}" is equivalent to "frozen", but only applied to frozen/tight to a cushion, not to another ball. For situations in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is frozen to an {{gli|object ball}}, different rule sets have different approaches. In some, the cue ball must be addressed with the [[Cue stick|cue]] at an angle at least 45 degrees divergent from an imaginary line running through the center of the balls, to minimize chances of a {{gli|push shot}}. In [[snooker]] (and some British [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] rules), this is called a {{gli|touching ball}}, and the cue ball must be shot away from the object ball without the latter moving.}}

{{Term|term= full |content=full {{anchor|full-ball|full ball|fullball|fuller|fullest}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''full-ball'''.''
A type of {{gli|contact}} between two balls from which no or little angle is created between their paths; the contact required to {{gli|pot}} a straight shot. It is commonly used in reference to how much of an {{gli|object ball}} a player can see with the {{gli|cue ball}}: "Can you hit that full?". }}

{{Term| fundamentals }}
{{Defn|1= The basic actions necessary to shoot well—{{gli|stance}}, grip, {{gli|stroke}}, {{gli|bridge}}, {{gli|follow-through}} and {{gli|pre-shot routine}}. }}

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==G==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| game }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Play, from the opening {{gli|break|break shot}} until one player has won (or the game has been halted for some reason by a referee). Games are the units that make up {{gli|match|matches}}, {{gli|race|races}} (in some senses of that term) and {{gli|round|rounds}}. ''Essentially the same as {{gli|frame}}, except with regards to straight pool, which is a multi-{{gli|rack}} game.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=An identifiable, codifiable set of rules. [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] is not a game, but a class of games. [[Nine-ball]] is a game. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1= ''Note: There are also slang usages, such as "to have game" (to be a good player, as in "he['s] got game") and "to be game" (to be willing to play or to gamble, as in "yeah, I'm game, so let's see what you've got"). But these usages are not particular to cue sports.'' }}

{{Term| game ball }}
{{Defn|1= The ball required to win the {{gli|rack}}. In [[snooker]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]] it is called the {{gli|frame ball}}. ''See also {{gli|money ball}}.''<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| games on the wire }}
{{Defn|1= To give a {{gli|handicapping|handicap}} to an opponent where they have to win a specified number fewer games than the other player in order to triumph in the {{gli|match}}.<ref name="Dummies">{{cite book |last=Leider |first=Nicholas |title=Pool and Billiards for Dummies |publisher=Wiley |location=Hoboken, New Jersey |date=2010 |isbn=978-0-470-56553-7 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=OVNZMylSVkwC&pg=PA292&dq=%22on+the+wire%22+billiards&q=on%20the%20wire |access-date=April 3, 2010}}</ref>{{Rp|281, 292}} The name refers to posting games on the scorekeeping mechanism known as a {{gli|wire}} or {{gli|scoring string}}, though the phrase may still be employed when no actual use of the particular device is available or intended. }}

{{Term| gapper }}
{{Defn|1= An agreement between two players in a tournament, one of whom will advance to a guaranteed money prize if the match is won, to give a certain percentage of that money to the loser of the match. Also known as a {{gli|saver}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| gather shot }}
{{Defn|1= In the carom games, any shot where the end result is all the balls near each other; ideally, in position for the start of a {{gli|nurse}} on the next stroke.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| general average }}
{{Defn|1= Abr. = GA, term from carom billiards. The number indicates the overall relation between the points and innings (points ÷ innings = GA) a player has made throughout the whole tournament. E. g. 125 points in 56 innings is a GA of 2.232, Higher numbers indicate better players }}

{{Term|term= gentlemen's call |content=gentlemen's call {{anchor|gentleman's call}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''gentleman's call'''.''
An informal approach to the "call-everything" variation of {{gli|call-shot}}, common in {{gli|bar pool}}. Obvious shots, such as a straight-on or near-straight shot for which the shooter is clearly aiming and which could not be mistaken for another shot, need not be called. {{gli|bank shot|Bank shots}}, {{gli|kick|kicks}}, {{gli|carom|caroms}} and {{gli|combination shot|combinations}} are usually less obvious and generally must be called, though this may depend upon the mutual skill level and shot selection perception of the players. An opponent has the right to ask what the shooter's intention is, if this is unclear. }}

{{Term| ghost ball }}
{{Defn|1= A common aiming method in which a phantom ball is imagined {{gli|frozen}} to the object ball at the point where an imaginary line drawn between their centers is aimed at the desired target; the cue ball may then be shot at the center of the "ghost" ball and, ideally, impact the object ball at the proper aiming contact point.<ref name="Brandt"/> The ghost ball method of aiming results in misses where adjustment is not made for {{gli|collision-induced throw|collision induced throw}}. }}

{{Term| go off }}
{{Defn|1= Describes the propensity of a player losing small sums of money at gambling to suddenly sharply increase the stakes; often continuing to lose until broke. ''Compare {{gli|chasing one's money|Chasing one's money}}.'' }}

{{Term| golden break }}
{{Defn|1= (Chiefly British.) In [[nine-ball]] a {{gli|break}} shot that pots the {{gli|9 ball|9 ball}} without {{gli|foul|fouling}}, in which case the player wins in one shot. ''See also {{gli|on the snap}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= goose neck |content=goose neck {{anchor|gooseneck|goose-neck|goose neck rest|gooseneck rest|goose-neck rest|goose-neck bridge|gooseneck bridge|goose neck bridge|goose neck, the|the goose neck}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''goose-neck rest'''.''
''Same as {{gli|swan}}.'' }}

{{Term| grapefruit }}
{{Defn|1= Colloquial term for an unusually large, heavy {{gli|cue ball}} made of the same [[phenolic resin]] or other modern, resilient plastic as the {{gli|object ball|object balls}}. "Grapefruit" cue balls are frequently found on older coin-operated {{gli|bar table|bar tables}} that do not have magnetic {{gli|ball return|ball-return}} mechanisms. As with excessively dense, ceramic "{{gli|rock}}" cue balls, the ball return works because the cue ball is considerably heavier than, and thereby distinguishable from, the object balls. Unlike "rocks", grapefruit balls are not prone to excessive equipment wear and tear. But because of their unusually large size, they have a very strong effect on the {{gli|tangent line}} and thus on the accuracy of {{gli|cut|cut shots}}. Their weight also has a notable effect on play, as they are somewhat more difficult to {{gli|draw}} ({{gli|screw}}), {{gli|stop shot|stop}} and {{gli|stun}} compared to standard and {{gli|magnetic cue ball|magnetic cue balls}}, but not to the extent of the much less resilient rock balls. Like rocks, grapefruits do generate a large amount of {{gli|smash-through}}. }}

{{Term| green }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Nearly table-length distance between the cue ball and target object ball, or between an object ball and target pocket, i.e. a potentially difficult shot due to distance ("you sure left me a lot of green on that one") }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=The {{gli|cloth}} covering the table ("oh no, you just ripped the green") }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=The {{gli|green ball}} ("that was a great shot on the green") }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=Money ("I won a lot of green last night from that wannabe hustler") }}

{{Term|term= green ball |content=green ball {{anchor|green balls|green-ball|greenball|the green|green, the|green|greens}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''the green'''.''
In [[snooker]], the {{gli|colour ball}} that is worth three points, being the second-least valuable colour behind the {{gli|yellow ball|yellow}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|116}} It is one of the {{gli|baulk colour|baulk colours}}, and is placed on the {{gli|green spot}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|116}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}}  In some (especially American) snooker ball sets, it is numbered "3" on its surface. }}

{{Term| green spot }}
{{Defn|1= The {{gli|spot}} (usually not specially marked because it is obvious) on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{gli|green ball}} is placed. Regardless of table size, it is the intersection of {{gli|the D|the "D"}} and the {{gli|baulk line|balk line}} on the {{gli|break|breaker's}} left side.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|116}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} The left-to-right order of the green, {{gli|brown ball|brown}} and {{gli|yellow ball|yellow balls}} is the subject of the [[mnemonic]] phrase "'''G'''od '''b'''less '''y'''ou".<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|115}} }}

{{Term| green pocket }}
{{Defn|1= In [[snooker]], the {{gli|corner pocket}} that is closest to the {{gli|green spot}}. }}

{{Term| grip }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=The way in which a player holds the {{gli|butt}} end of the cue stick.<ref name="BCA"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=The wrap of the cuestick where the hand is placed, also known as the "grip area."<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| group }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|suit}}'', predominantly in British terminology, i.e., in [[eight-ball]] either of the set of seven balls ({{gli|red ball|reds}} or {{gli|yellow ball|yellows}}) that must be cleared before {{gli|pot|potting}} {{gli|black ball|the black}}. Generally used in the generic, especially in rulesets or articles, rather than colloquially by players.<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}

{{Term| gully table }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A table with a {{gli|ball return}} system, as opposed to a {{gli|drop pockets|drop pocket}} table.<ref name="BCA"/>{{rp|39}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Also '''gutter table'''.''  ''Same as {{gli|bar table}}.''<!-- really? -->}}
{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==H==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| half-ball hit }}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Billiards half-ball striking diagram.png|thumb|right|350px|Half-ball striking]]A shot aimed so that the center of the cue ball is in line with the edge of the object ball, eclipsing half of the ball. "Hit it just a little thinner than half-ball." Assuming a {{gli|cling}} does not occur, the shot will impart post-contact momentum on the object ball in a direction 30° (which is <math>\arcsin(1-x)</math>, where <math>x</math> is the fraction of object ball eclipsed: {{frac|1|2}} in this case) off the direction of the cue-ball's pre-contact momentum. Also notable because the carom angle the cue ball takes is more consistent than at other contact points. }}

{{Term| half-century }}
{{Defn|1= In [[snooker]] and other British usages, a {{gli|break}} of 50–99 points (100 points or more being called a century), which involves {{gli|pot|potting}} at least 12 consecutive balls (i.e. the last 3 reds with at least 2 blacks and a pink, followed by all the colours). }}

{{Term| hail Mary }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American; same as {{gli|hit and hope}}.''  A term borrowed from [[Hail Mary play|a similar idea in American football]]. }}

{{Term|term= hand chalk |content=hand chalk {{anchor|hand-chalk}}}}
{{Defn|1= A misnomer for hand {{gli|talc}}. }}

{{Term|term= handicapping |content=handicapping {{anchor|handicap|handicaps|handicapped}}}}
{{Defn|1= Modification of the rules and/or scoring of a game to enable players of variable abilities to compete on a more even playing field.<ref name="BCA"/> Examples of handicapping include {{gli|spot (verb)|spotting balls}} and giving {{gli|games on the wire}} to an opponent. In league play, common forms of handicapping include awarding compensating {{gli|point|points}} to a lesser-skilled team, or using numerical player ranking systems to adjust final scores between opponents of different skill levels. A player's '''handicap''' is such a numerical rank. ''See [[Handicapping]] main article for more general information on sports handicapping.'' }}

{{Term|term= hang |content=hang {{anchor|hung|hanging|hanged|hangs}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{anchor|Hanging in the pocket|reason=Old section name, surely linked to somewere.}}
Said of a ball, to come to rest partially over the edge of a {{gli|pocket}}'s {{gli|fall}} but still resting on the table {{gli|bed}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121}}  Because of ball curvature, if the very bottom of the ball is not over the sharp rim or beveled slope (depending on table type) of the pocket's fall, the ball will not drop into the pocket. As much as approximately 49% of a ball's diameter can be hanging over the sharp drop of a standard snooker table fall, but considerably less on a typical pool table, with beveled falls.<!--This is basic physics and geometry logic, requiring no citation.-->  A ball '''hanging''' in the pocket – a "{{gli|hanger}}" – is nearly unmissable<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121}} (though {{gli|foul|fouling}} by {{gli|scratch|scratching}} the {{gli|cue ball}} into the pocket right after the {{gli|object ball}} is a common mistake. Can be used in a transitive sense in reference to player action: "You hung that one right on the edge". }}

{{Term| hanger }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=An easily shot {{gli|object ball}} that is "{{gli|hang|hanging}}" in the {{gli|pocket}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=By extension, any extremely easy shot, even in [[carom billiards]] which has no pockets.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121}} }}

{{Term| have the nuts }}
{{Defn|1= Be in a game where either because of disparity in skill level, or because of a {{gli|handicapping|handicap}} given, it would be very difficult to lose. }}

{{Term| having the cue ball on a string }}
{{Defn|1= Used when describing perfect cue ball {{gli|position play}}.<ref>[[ESPN]] broadcast of 2007 WPBA Great Lakes Classic, second semi-final. [[Helena Thornfeldt]] vs. [[Ga-Young Kim]] (May 13, 2007). In-context commentary on rack 10 by pool pro [[Dawn Hopkins]].</ref><ref>[[ESPN2]] broadcast of 2007 International Challenge of Champions, first semi-final (September 12, 2007). [[Thorsten Hohmann]] v. [[Niels Feijen]]. In-context commentary on rack 7 of second set by pool pro [[Allen Hopkins (pool player)|Allen Hopkins]]. "He's hitting everything like he's got the cue ball on a string."</ref> }}

{{Term| hazard }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Literally, a {{gli|pocket}}, but generally used in the phrases {{gli|losing hazard}} – {{gli|pot|potting}} ({{gli|pocket|pocketing}}) the {{gli|cue ball}} off another ball – and {{gli|winning hazard}} – using the cue ball to pot another ball – the two types of legal shots that pocket balls in games in which the term is used at all, which is very few today. The term principally survives in [[English billiards]], in which both types of shots are {{gli|point}}-scoring. Formerly, a large number of different games made use of the two types of hazards as point scorers or losers in various ways (thus their suggestive names). The term ultimately derives from holes or pockets in the table to be avoided, in very early forms of billiards.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|121, 148, 275}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In [[golf billiards]], an area of the table (sometimes marked) that a player will be penalized for entering if their ball does not leave. Derives from the use of the term in the outdoor game of [[golf]].<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|120}} }}

{{Term| head }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The half of the [[Billiard table|table]] from which the {{gli|break|break shot}} is taken. This usage is conceptually opposite that in British English, where this end of the table is called the {{gli|bottom}}. ''Contrast {{gli|foot}}.''  ''See also {{gli|kitchen}}.'' }}

{{Term| head cushion }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The {{gli|cushion}} on the {{gli|head rail}}. ''Compare {{gli|bottom cushion}}; contrast {{gli|foot cushion}}.'' }}

{{Term| head rail }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American:'' The {{gli|short rail}} at the {{gli|head}} of the [[Billiard table|table]]. Traditionally this is the rail on which the table manufacturer's logo appears. ''Compare {{gli|bottom rail}}, {{gli|baulk rail}}; contrast {{gli|foot rail}}, {{gli|top rail}}.'' }}

{{Term| head spot }}
{{Defn|1= The intersection of the {{gli|head string}} and {{gli|long string}}, which is usually not marked on a table with a spot decal or other mark, unlike the {{gli|foot spot}}, though some [[pool hall]]s mark both spots so that racking can be done at either end of the table, and wear on {{gli|cloth|the cloth}} from racking and breaking is more evenly distributed.<ref name="BCA"/> ''Compare {{gli|baulk spot}}.'' }}

{{Term| head string }}
{{Defn|1= A line, sometimes imaginary (especially in American [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]]), sometimes drawn on the cloth, that runs horizontally across the table from the second {{gli|diamond}} (from the {{gli|head rail}}) on one {{gli|long rail}} to the corresponding second diamond on the other long rail.<ref name="BCA"/> In most pool games, the opening break shot must be performed with the center (base) of the cue ball behind the head string (i.e. between the head string and head rail). The head string intersects the {{gli|long string}} at the {{gli|head spot}}, and delimits the {{gli|kitchen}} (and, in European [[nine-ball]], the outer boundary of the {{gli|break box}}). The head string's position is always determined by the diamonds, in contrast to the similar but different {{gli|baulk line}}, the position of which is determined by measurement from the {{gli|bottom cushion}} ({{gli|head cushion}}). }}

{{Term| heads up }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|straight up}}.'' }}

{{Term| heart }}
{{Defn|1= The strength of a player's will to win; the ability to overcome pressure; "he showed a lot of heart in making that comeback." }}

{{Term| high }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Also '''highs''', '''high balls''', '''high ones'''.'' In [[eight-ball]] and related games, to be shooting the striped {{gli|suit}} ({{gli|group}}) of balls (9 through 15); "you're high balls" or "I've got the highs" ("you're high" is rare, because of the "intoxication" ambiguity). ''Compare {{gli|stripes}}, {{gli|yellow ball|yellows}}, {{gli|big|big ones}}, {{gli|overs}}; contrast {{gli|low}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=With {{gli|follow}}, as in "I shot that high left", meaning "I shot that with follow and with left {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}}". Derives from the fact that one must aim above the {{gli|cue ball}}'s equator, i.e. "high" on the ball, to impart follow. "With" is optional (e.g. "I shot that with high left" or "I shot that high left"). ''Contrast {{gli|low}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In [[snooker]], same as "{{gli|above}}", as in "she'll want to finish high on the black to allow position on the red". }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=With {{gli|run}} (UK: {{gli|break}}), a lengthy series of successful shots; ''see {{gli|high run}}, {{gli|high break}}''. }}

{{Term|term= high break |content=high break {{anchor|high breaks|highest break}}}}
{{Defn|1= UK: Essentially the same as {{gli|high run}}, but applied to [[snooker]] and by extension to pool, especially [[blackball (pool)|blackball pool]]: A {{gli|break}} (series of successful {{gli|pot|pots}}) running into large numbers for that player's skill level. }}

{{Term|term= high run |content=high run {{anchor|high-run|highrun|hi run|hi-run|hirun|high run}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Also (rarely) '''high-run''', '''hi-run''', '''highrun''', etc.}}
A series of successful shots (a {{gli|run}}) that is lengthy for the player's skill level. The exact implication is dependent upon context, e.g. "my high run at [[three-cushion]] is 15", "Jones had the highest run of the tournament", "that was a pretty high run you just did", etc. Used congratulatorily, it may be phrased "good run", "great run", "nice run", etc. ''See also {{gli|high break}}.'' }}

{{Term| hill }}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|on the hill}}, {{gli|hill-hill}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= hill-hill |content=hill-hill {{anchor|hill/hill|hill, hill|hill–hill}}}}
{{Defn|1= The point in {{gli|match}} play where both players (or teams) need only one more {{gli|game}} ({{gli|frame}}) victory to win the match or {{gli|race}}.<ref name="Paski">[[ESPN Classic]] broadcast of 1995 Gordon's 9-Ball Championship (August 14, 2007), second semi-final. ([[Loree Jon Jones]] vs. [[Gerda Hofstatter]]). Direct definition of "on the hill" for viewers and two in-context uses of "hill-hill" in commentary by pool pro [[Vicki Paski]].</ref><ref name="USOpen06">[[SportsNet New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[US Open Nine-ball Championship]] (aired October 19, 2007). [[Marcus Chamat]] vs. [[Ronato Alcano]]. In-context commentary by pool pros [[Danny DiLiberto]] and Jerry Forsyth.</ref> ''See also {{gli|on the hill}}, {{gli|rubber match}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= hit and hope}}
{{Defn|1= A shot in which the player is relying on luck for a favorable outcome, because no better shot exists. ''Compare {{gli|hail Mary}}, and {{gli|smash and pray}}.''}}

{{Term|term= ho |content=ho {{anchor|ho ball|ho balls}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''ho ball(s)'''.''
An exhortatory cry to a ball or balls to slow down or come to a stop, often made when overshooting position with the cue ball.<ref>[[ESPN Classic]] broadcast of 2002 BCA Open 9-ball Championship, final (May 16, 2002). [[Charles Williams (pool player)|Charlie Williams]] v. [[Tony Robles]]. In-context commentary on rack 8 by pool pro [[Mike Sigel]]. Rebroadcast and viewed March 27, 2009.</ref> }}

{{Term|term= hold the spot |content=hold the spot {{anchor|hold the spot, to}}}}
{{Defn|1= In [[snooker]], to leave the {{gli|cue ball}} ball on the {{gli|spot}} of a {{gli|colour ball}} after {{gli|pot|potting}} it. This is usually performed where {{gli|re-spot|re-spotting}} of the colour ball would cause {{gli|position|positional}} problems for the player, such as blocking available pots on one or more {{gli|red ball|red balls}}. }}

{{Term|term= hook |content=hook {{anchor|hooks|hooked|hooking|to hook|hook, to|be hooked|to be hooked|hooked, to be}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Same as {{gli|snooker}} (verb)''<ref name="USOpen06-3"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{gli|hook rest}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= hook rest |content=hook rest {{anchor|hook rest|hook-rest|hook bridge|hook-bridge|hook, the|the hook}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''the hook'''.''
In [[snooker]], a type of {{gli|mechanical bridge}} that has only recently<!--replace "recently" with date of endorsement; see [[WP:DATED]]--> been endorsed by the [[WPBSA]] to allow its use in major tournament play. It is a normal rest with the head in line with the {{gli|shaft}}, but the last foot or so of the shaft is curved. This allows players to position the curved end around an obstructing ball that would have otherwise left them {{gli|hampered}} on the {{gli|cue ball}} and in need of a {{gli|spider}} or {{gli|swan}} with {{gli|extension|extensions}}, which would have less control. }}

{{Term|term= horn |content=horn {{anchor|horns}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|knuckle}}.''  By analogy to [[Horn (anatomy)|animal horns]], not the [[French horn|musical instruments]]. }}

{{Term| house}}
{{Defn|no=1|1= The venue in which the game is being played, e.g. a [[snooker hall]], {{gli|bar pool|pool bar}}, etc.}}
{{Defn|no=2|1= The {{gli|kitchen}} or {{gli|baulk}} area of a [[Russian billiards]] table; from {{lang-ru|дома|translit=doma|lit=house}}.}}

{{Term| house cue }}
{{Defn|1= Usually a one-piece cue freely available for use by patrons in bars/pubs and pool halls. }}

{{Term| house man }}
{{Defn|1= A pool room employee who plays with a good degree of skill. }}

{{Term| house rack }}
{{Defn|1= A pejorative term for an improper rack in which the balls are not properly in contact with their neighbors, often resulting in a poor spread on the break. }}

{{Term| house rules }}
{{Defn|1= The rules played in a particular venue not necessarily in comportment with official rules, or with common local {{gli|bar pool}} custom. }}

{{Term| hug the rail }}
{{Defn|1= Describes a ball rolling along a rail in contact or near contact with it, or which makes multiple successive contacts with the rail.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|240}}  ''See {{gli|velcro}}.'' }}

{{Term| hustle }}
{{Defn|1= {{Main|Hustling}}
To play for money and lull a victim into thinking they can win, prompting them to accept higher and higher stakes, until beating them and walking off with more money than they would have been willing to bet had they been beaten soundly in the beginning. The terms '''hustler''', for one who hustles, and '''hustling''', describing the act, are just as common if not more so than this verb form. ''See also {{gli|sandbag}}, {{gli|on the lemonade}}, {{gli|lemonade stroke}}, {{gli|shark}}, {{gli|dump}}.'' }}

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==I==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| illegal }}
{{Defn|1= As in many other sports, "illegal" means causing or likely to cause a {{gli|foul}} (the opposite being {{gli|legal}}). ''(See {{gli|legal}} for specific examples of usage.)'' }}

{{Term| in-hand }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Shortening of {{gli|ball-in-hand}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In snooker, the ability to place the {{gli|cue ball}} anywhere inside the boundaries of {{gli|the D|the D}}. This occurs at the start of a {{gli|frame}}, and after the cue ball has been {{gli|pot|potted}} or forced off the table. }}

{{Term| inning }}
{{Defn|1= A player's (or {{gli|doubles}} team's) turn at the table, usually ending with a failure to score a {{gli|point}} or to {{gli|pocket}} a ball, depending on the game, a {{gli|foul}}, a {{gli|safety}} or with a win.<ref name="BCA"/>  In some games, such as [[five-pins]] and [[killer (pool)|killer]], a player's inning is always limited to one shot, regardless of the intent and result of the shot. Usually synonymous with {{gli|visit}}, except in {{gli|scotch doubles}} format. The term is sometimes used to mean both players'/teams' visits combined, e.g. when referring to which inning in which a memorable shot occurred. }}

{{Term| in-off }}
{{Defn|1= (Chiefly British.) In [[snooker]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball/eight-ball pool]], an instance where the {{gli|cue ball}} has been {{gli|pot|potted}} ({{gli|pocket|pocketed}}) after contacting an {{gli|object ball}}. It is a {{gli|fault}} ({{gli|foul}}) in most games.<ref name="BCA"/>  There is no equivalent (current) American term for this specific means of pocketing the white ball. ''Compare {{gli|losing hazard}}, {{gli|scratch}}.'' }}

{{Term| in-or-over shot }}
{{Defn|1= (Chiefly British.) In a {{gli|snookers required}} situation in [[snooker]], a shot played by the player defending the lead, where he plays the {{gli|object ball}} in such a way as to try to slowly {{gli|pot}} ({{gli|pocket}}) it, so that if it misses, at least it is over the pocket and difficult to obtain the required snooker from.}}

{{Term| inside english }}
{{Defn|1= (Chiefly U.S.) {{gli|side spin|Side spin}} ({{gli|english|{{sic|hide=y|eng|lish}}}}) placed on a same side of the {{gli|cue ball}} as the direction in which the {{gli|object ball}} is being {{gli|cut}} (left-hand {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} when cutting a ball to the left, and vice versa).<ref name="TIEOB"/> In addition to affecting cue ball position, inside {{sic|hide=y|eng|lish}} can increase {{gli|throw}}. }}

{{Term| in sight }}
{{Defn|1= (Chiefly British) Said of an {{gli|object ball}} that can easily be reached by the {{gli|cue ball}}, or of a pocket that can easily be reached by a selected object ball, usually directly (i.e. without intervening {{gli|kick}}, {{gli|bank shot|bank}}, {{gli|carom}}, {{gli|kiss}} or {{gli|combination}} shots). ''Compare {{gli|see}}.'' }}

{{Term| in stroke }}
{{Defn|1= Cueing and timing the balls well; in good form, where {{gli|pocket|pocketing}} ({{gli|pot|potting}}), {{gli|safety}} and clarity of thinking seem to come easily.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|241}} A player who had not been doing well but then suddenly picks up (as happens during the course of many matches) may be said to '''catch a stroke'''.{{clarify|date=October 2010|reason=Move this to its own entry.}} ''See also {{gli|stroke}}.'' }}

{{Term| insurance ball }}
{{Defn|1= A ball that is easily made from many positions on the table but which is left untouched while the rack is played, so that in the event the player gets out of position, the shooter has an insurance shot. Typically an insurance ball will be in or near the {{gli|jaw|jaws}} of a pocket. }}

{{Term| in the balls }}
{{Defn|1= In [[snooker]], a phrase used to describe a situation where the player has an easy {{gli|pot}} and in general the balls are in a position to go on to make a sizeable {{gli|break}}. ''Compare {{gli|set up}} (sense 4).''<!--In response to someone asking about it: Use of this phrase in US English would result in peals of laughter, much like the movie title "Free Willy" does in UK English.--> }}

{{Term| in the money }}
{{Defn|1= In a tournament, to {{gli|place}} high enough to receive a payout. E.g., in a tournament that pays from 1st down to 5th places, to be at least 5th place is to be in the money.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| in turn }}
{{Defn|1= When a particular ball is given as a {{gli|handicapping|handicap}} in nine-ball, designating that ball ''in turn'' means that it must be made in rotation, when it is the lowest numerical ball remaining on the table, and cannot be made to garner a win earlier in the game by way of a combination, carom or any other shot. For example, if a player is {{gli|spot (verb)|spotted}} the 8 ball, he only wins by making that ball after balls 1 through 7 have been cleared from the table. The phrase is not common in the U.S. }}

{{Term|term= Irish linen |content=Irish linen {{anchor|irish linen|Irish Linen}}}}
{{Defn|1= Linen made from flax and produced in Ireland which is often used to wrap the gripping area of the {{gli|butt}} of a cue.
{{further|Irish linen}} }}

{{Glossary end}}
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==J==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| jack up }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=To elevate the back of the cue on a shot. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In gambling, to "jack up a bet" means to increase the stakes. }}

{{Term| jail }}
{{Defn|1= When a player is on the receiving end of a devastating safety where it is very difficult or near impossible to make a legal hit on an object ball.<ref>[[ESPN2]] broadcast of 2007 World Summit of Pool, final (September 17, 2007). [[Alex Pagulayan]] v. [[Shane Van Boening]]. In-context commentary on rack 11 by pool pro [[Charles Williams (pool player)|Charlie Williams]]. [Following a safety] "He put Shane in jail here; this is a tough shot."</ref> }}

{{Term| jam up }}
{{Defn|1= Adjectival expression for a player's deadly game; "watch out, he plays jam up."<ref name="USOpen06"/><ref>[[ESPN]] broadcast of 2008 BCA GenerationPool.com Women' 9-Ball Championship, final (aired July 19, 2008). [[Ga-Young Kim]] vs. [[Xiaoting Pan]]. In-context commentary on rack 10 by pool pro [[Ewa Mataya Laurance]]: "The field has gotten so much stronger; there are no easy matches anymore—you know—your first match you have to play jam up."</ref> }}

{{Term| jawed ball }}
{{Defn|1= A ball that fails to drop into a pocket after bouncing back and forth between the {{gli|jaws}} of a pocket.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| jaws }}
{{Defn|1= The inside walls of a {{gli|pocket}},<ref name="BCA"/> from the {{gli|facing|facings}} to the drop hole.}}

{{Term|term= jenny |content={{lang|en-AU|jenny}} }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly Australian:'' ''Same as a {{gli|force follow}} shot.'' }}

{{Term| jigger }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|cross}}.'' }}

{{Term| joint }}
{{Defn|1= The interlocking connection between the butt and shaft ends of a two-piece cue stick.<ref name="BCA"/>  Usually connects via means of a steel or wooden {{gli|pin}}, and may be protected by a {{gli|collar}} of metal or some other material, or may connect wood-on-wood.<ref name="Kilby 2009"/> }}

{{Term| joint protectors }}
{{Defn|1= Plugs that screw into the joint when a two-piece cue is broken down to keep foreign objects and moisture from contacting the joint mechanism. }}

[[File:Ronnie O’Sullivan at German Masters Snooker Final (DerHexer) 2012-02-05 09.jpg|thumb|A jump shot performed bi [[Ronnie O’Sullivan]].]]
{{Term|term= jump |content=jump {{anchor|jumps|jump shot|jump shots|jumpshot|jumpshots|jump-shot|jump-shots}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''jump shot'''.''
Any shot where the {{gli|cue ball}} is intentionally jumped into the air to clear an obstacle<ref name="BCA"/> (usually an {{gli|object ball}}, even in games with non-ball objects, e.g. [[bottle pool]]). Jump shots must be performed by hitting the {{gli|cue ball}} into the table's surface so that it rebounds from the {{gli|cloth}}; scooping under the cue ball to fling it into the air is deemed a foul by all authoritative rules sources. A legal jump shot works by compressing the cue ball slightly against the {{gli|slate}} under the cloth, causing it to spring upward when the downward pressure of the [[Cue stick|cue]] is released. Some [[billiard hall]]s and even entire leagues prohibit all jump (and usually also {{gli|massé|{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}) shots, out of fears of damage to the equipment, especially the cloth. Specialized {{gli|jump cue|jump cues}} exist to better facilitate jump shots; they are usually shorter and lighter, and with harder tips, than normal cues. Jump shots that go through or into objects rather than over them are common in [[trick shot]] ([[artistic pool]] and [[artistic billiards]]) competition.}}

{{Term|term= jump cue |content=jump cue {{anchor|jump-cue|jumpcue|jump stick|jump-stick|jumpstick|jumper|jumper cue}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''jump stick'''.''<ref name="Brandt"/>
A {{gli|cue}} dedicated to {{gli|jump shot|jumping}} balls; usually shorter and lighter than a playing cue and having a wider, harder {{gli|cue tip|tip}}. }}

{{Term| jump draw }}
{{Defn|1= A rare and very difficult [[Trick shot|trick]] {{gli|jump shot}} that turns into a {{gli|draw shot}} upon landing. Requires  precise application of {{gli|spin}} in addition to the precise application of ball pressure to effectuate the jump. Jump draws are fairly often seen in professional trick shot competition. }}

{{Term| jump massé |content= jump {{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}
{{Defn|1= A rare and extremely difficult [[Trick shot|trick]] {{gli|jump shot}} that turns into a {{gli|massé|{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}} upon landing. Requires very precise application of {{gli|spin}} in addition to the precise application of ball pressure to effectuate the jump. Turn-of-the-20th-century World [[Balkline and straight rail|Balkline]] Champion [[Jacob Schaefer Sr.|Jacob Schaefer&nbsp;Sr.]] was known to daringly perform jump {{lang|fr|massés}} in competition.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}

{{Glossary end}}
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==K==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| key ball }}
{{Defn|1= The {{gli|object ball}} involved in a {{gli|key shot}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| key shot }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A shot or ball that allows a player to obtain {{gli|shape}} on another ball hard to play position to.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A shot or ball that is the "key" to {{gli|run out|running out}}. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=The 14th {{gli|object ball}} in a rack of [[straight pool]] that, when proper position is achieved on, allows easy position play, in turn, on the last (15th) object ball for an [[Straight pool#Intergame racking|intergame break shot]]. }}

{{Term| kick }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Short for {{gli|kick shot}}.'' Also used as a verb, "to kick [at]" (US). }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{gli|cling}} (US) and {{gli|skid}}'' (British). Noun, verb, and rare adjective usage as per "cling". }}

{{Term| kick shot }}
{{Defn|1= A shot in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is driven to one or more {{gli|rail}} or {{gli|cushion|cushions}} before reaching its intended target—usually an {{gli|object ball}}.<ref name="BCA"/>  Often shortened to 'kick'. }}

{{Term|term= kill shot |content=kill shot {{anchor|kill|kills|kill-shot|killshot|to kill|kill, to|killed}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''kill'''.''<ref name="BCA"/>
A shot intended to slow down or "kill" the {{gli|cue ball}}'s speed as much as possible after contact with an {{gli|object ball}}; usually a shot with {{gli|draw}}, often combined with {{gli|inside english|inside {{Not a typo|english}}}}. Also known as a {{gli|dead ball shot}}. }}

{{Term|term= kiss |content=kiss {{anchor|kisses|kissing|kissed|to kiss|kiss, to}}}}
{{Defn|1= An instance of contact between balls, usually used in the context of describing an {{gli|object ball}} contacting another object ball (e.g. "the 2 ball kissed off the 12 ball"), or in [[snooker]] the cue ball making contact with some object ball after the initial contact with a {{gli|ball on}}. If the player's ''intention'' was to cause two object balls to kiss (e.g. to pocket a shot ball by ricocheting it off a stationary one), it is often called a {{gli|kiss shot}}.<ref name="BCA"/> ''Compare {{gli|double kiss}}; contrast {{gli|carom}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= kiss shot |content=kiss shot {{anchor|kiss-shot|kiss shots|kiss-shots}}}}
{{Defn|1= A shot in which the object is to {{gli|pocket}} ({{gli|pot}}) an {{gli|object ball}} by striking it with the {{gli|cue ball}} and then having the object ball ricochet off another object ball into a {{gli|pocket}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| kitchen }}
{{Defn|1= The area on the table behind the {{gli|head string}}.<ref name="BCA"/> The origin of the term has been the subject of some speculation but the best explanation known is that in the 1800s, many homes did not have room for both a billiard table and a dining room table. The solution was a billiards table that had a cover converting it into a dining table. Kept in the dining room, play on such a table was often restricted by the size of the room, so it would be placed so that the head rail would face the connected kitchen door, thus affording a player room for the backswing without hitting a wall. A player was therefore either half or sometimes fully (literally) "in the kitchen" when breaking the balls.<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''See also {{gli|baulk}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= knuckle |content=knuckle {{anchor|knuckles}}}}
{{Defn|1= One of two jutting points or curves of the {{gli|nose|noses}} of the {{gli|cushion|cushions}} on either side of each {{gli|pocket}} where cushion and pocket meet, forming the {{gli|jaw}} of the pocket. The knuckles are the intersection of the outer edge of the cushions, parallel to the {{gli|rail}}, and the pocket {{gli|facing}}. The knuckles are protrusive and comparatively sharp on a [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] table, the facings of which can be used like a [[Backboard (basketball)|basketball backboard]] to rebound a ball into a pocket. On [[billiard table]]s for [[snooker]], [[English billiards]] and various other games, the knuckles are rounded, and thwart the backboard effect. The curvature of snooker and English billiards knuckles are determined by {{gli|pocket template|pocket templates}} produced by the [[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]].<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} [[Russian pyramid]] tables also have pointed knuckles, but the facings are angled inward, so the knuckles cannot be used as a backboard. The knuckle is also known as a {{gli|point}}, {{gli|horn}} or {{gli|titty}}, depending on area and the company one keeps. ''See illustration at the {{gli|facing}} entry.''}}

{{Glossary end}}
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==L==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term|term= ladies' aid |content=ladies' aid {{anchor|ladies aid|lady's aid|lady aid}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''lady's aid'''.''
A denigrating term for the {{gli|mechanical bridge}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|139}} }}

{{Term|term=lag |content=lag {{anchor|the lag|lagging|lag for the break|lagging for the break}} }}
{{Defn|1= Also '''the lag''' (as a noun) '''lagging''', '''lag for the break''' and '''lagging for the break'''. 
To determine the order of play, players (representing only themselves, or sometimes teams) each near simultaneously shoot a ball from the {{gli|kitchen}} (or in British games, from the {{gli|baulk line}}) to the {{gli|end rail}} and back toward the {{gli|bottom rail}}. Whichever shooter's ball comes to rest closest to the bottom rail gets to choose who {{gli|break|breaks}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|139}} It is permissible but not required for the lagged ball to touch or rebound from the bottom rail, but not to touch the side rails. Lagging is usually a two-party activity, though there are games such as [[cutthroat (pool)|cutthroat]] in which three players might lag. In the case of a tie, the tying shooters re-lag. The lag is most often used in tournament play or other competitions.
In hard-break games like [[nine-ball]] and [[eight-ball]] the winner of the lag would normally take the break, while in soft-break games like [[straight pool]] would likely require the loser of the lag to break, since breaking would be a disadvantage. ''See also {{gli|string-off}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= last-pocket |content=last-pocket {{anchor|last pocket|lastpocket}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''last pocket'''.''
A common rule in informal {{gli|bar pool}}, especially bar/pub [[eight-ball]], in which the {{gli|money ball}} must be {{gli|pocket|pocketed}} ({{gli|pot|potted}}) in the same pocket as the shooter's last {{gli|object ball}} (each player may be said to eventually "own" a pocket, for the duration of the game, in which their 8 ball shot must be played if they have already run out their {{gli|suit}}). The variant is not extremely common in the United States or the UK, but is near-universal in much of Latin America (where two {{gli|cue ball}} {{gli|scratch|scratches}} are permitted when attempting the 8 ball shot and count as simple fouls, with only a third scratch constituting a loss of game). Last pocket is also common in North Africa. Last-pocket rules require careful {{gli|position play}}, and frequently result in {{gli|bank shot|bank}} and {{gli|kick|kick shots}} with the 8 ball. }}

{{Term| league }}
{{Defn|1= An organization that promotes competitive, usually team, amateur cue sports, most commonly [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], especially [[eight-ball]] and [[nine-ball]], although there are also well-established [[snooker league]]s. Some leagues, many of which are decades old, are entirely local and either informal or [[Incorporation (business)|incorporated]], and may use their own local rules or may have adopted more widely published rulesets, such as those of the [[World Pool-Billiard Association|WPA]]. Other leagues are organized on a multi-regional or even international level, and may be non-profit or for-profit enterprises, usually with their own fine-tuned rule books. Despite differences, the largest leagues are increasingly converging toward the WPA rules, with the exception of the [[American Poolplayers Association|APA/CPA]], which retains rules much closer to [[United States|US]]-style {{gli|bar pool}}. At least four major pool leagues hold international championships in [[Las Vegas, Nevada]] annually (APA/CPA, [[Billiard Congress of America|BCAPL]], [[Valley National 8-Ball League Association|VNEA]] and [[American CueSports Alliance|ACS/CCS]]). Some leagues also offer {{gli|one-on-one}} tournaments, {{gli|scotch doubles}} events, [[artistic pool]] competition, and other non-team activities. ''(See [[:Category:Cue sports leagues]] for a listing of articles on various leagues.)''<!--Maybe shorten this and move long ver. to a stub article, using [[Template:Main]] here to link from a shorter version here to the new article.--> }}

{{Term| leave }}
{{Defn|1= The cue ball's position after a shot. "Good" or "bad" in reference to a leave describe respectively and advantageous or disadvantageous position for the next shot, or to leave an incoming opponent {{gli|safe}}.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|241}}<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See also {{gli|position play}}; compare {{gli|position}}, {{gli|shape}}.'' }}

{{Term| legal }}
{{Defn|1= As in many other sports, "legal" means not causing or likely to cause a {{gli|foul}} (the opposite being {{gli|illegal}}). A legal ''hit'' is one in which the requirements for a non-foul hit are met (e.g., in [[nine-ball]], the lowest-numbered ball on the table was hit by the {{gli|cue ball}} first, and at least one {{gli|object ball}} was {{gli|pocket|pocketed}}, or any ball reached a {{gli|cushion}}, after the hit on the first object ball.). A legal ''shot'' is one in which no foul of any kind was involved (e.g. there was not a {{gli|double hit}} by the cue, the player's {{gli|bridge}} hand did not move a ball, etc.). A legal ''stroke'' is one in which the [[Cue stick|cue]] {{gli|stroke}} obeyed the rules (e.g. the shooter did not perform an illegal {{gli|jump shot}} by scooping under the cue ball with the cue {{gli|cue tip|tip}}). A legal ''ball'' is a {{gli|ball-on}}, an object ball at which it is permissible for the player to shoot. And so on. The term can be used in many ways consistent with these examples ("legal pocket" in [[one-pocket]], "legal equipment" under tournament specifications, etc.). }}

{{Term| left }}
{{Defn|1= ''Short for left {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} ({{gli|side}})'', i.e. spin imparted to the {{gli|cue ball}} by {{gli|stroke|stroking}} it to the lefthand side of its vertical axis. ''Contrast {{gli|right}}.'' }}

{{Term| lemon}}
{{Defn|1= A player is said to be a "lemon," "lemon man," or "playing on the lemon" when he intentionally plays below his true ability in order to attract more gambling action and win more money. Players who fall for the ruse would be less likely to gamble with the lemon man if he showed his full ability at all times.}}

{{Term| lemonade stroke }}
{{Defn|1= An intentionally amateurish stroke to disguise one's ability to play. ''Compare {{gli|on the lemonade}}.'' }}

{{Term| let out }}
{{Defn|1= To allow an opponent to stop playing a set for money in exchange for something. If a player is winning a set by a wide margin, with $100 on the line, the player could say, "I'll let you out now for $75." This is usually meant to save pride. }}

{{Term|term= little |content=little {{anchor|littles|little ones|little balls}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''littles''', '''little ones''', '''little balls'''.}}
In [[eight-ball]], to be shooting the solid {{gli|suit}} ({{gli|group}}) of balls (1 through 7); "you're little, remember", "you're the little balls" or "I've got the littles". ''Compare {{gli|small}}, {{gli|solids}}, {{gli|red ball|reds}}, {{gli|low}}, {{gli|spot|spots}}, {{gli|dots}}, {{gli|unders}}; contrast {{gli|big}}.'' }}

{{Term| lock }}
{{Defn|1= A game that basically cannot be lost based on disparity of skill levels; "this game is a lock for him." }}

{{Term| lock artist }}
{{Defn|1= Someone talented at making {{gli|lock}} games. }}

{{Term| lock up }}
{{Defn|1= The act of playing a devastating safety which leaves the opponent in a situation where it is very difficult or near impossible to make a legal hit on an object ball.<ref name="USOpen06-3"/> ''See also {{gli|jail}}.'' }}

{{Term| long bank }}
{{Defn|1= A {{gli|cross-corner}} bank shot from one end of the table to the other (i.e. across the {{gli|center string}}). Long banks are considerably more difficult, because of the smaller margin for error due to distance and angle widening, than {{gli|cross-side}} banks and short cross-corner banks from the same end of the table. }}

{{Term| long double }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' {{gli|bank|bank shot}} played up and down the longer length of the table off a {{gli|short rail}} and into a {{gli|corner pocket}}, as opposed to the more common bank across the short length into a {{gli|center pocket}} or corner. }}

{{Term| long pot }}
{{Defn|1= In [[snooker]], a {{gli|pot}} into any of the {{gli|corner pocket|corner pockets}} where the {{gli|cue ball}} had started in the opposite lengthwise half of the table. In other words, a pot in which the {{gli|cue ball}} or {{gli|object ball}} crosses an imaginary line joining the {{gli|center pocket|middle pockets}}. }}

{{Term| long rail }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|side rail}}.''<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| long string }}
{{Defn|1= An imaginary line dividing the table into two equal halves lengthwise. It intersects the {{gli|head string}}, {{gli|center string}} and {{gli|foot string}} at the {{gli|head spot}}, {{gli|center spot}} and {{gli|foot spot}}, respectively.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|242}}<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| look back }}
{{Defn|1= To enter the [[double elimination tournament|loser bracket]] in a [[double elimination]] tournament, or otherwise slip in standing in other tournament formats (i.e., to lose a {{gli|game}}/{{gli|frame}}/{{gli|round}}/{{gli|match}}, but still remain in the competition). }}

{{Term|term= losing hazard |content=losing hazard {{anchor|loser|losing-hazard}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''loser'''.''
(Largely obsolete.) A shot in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is {{gli|pot|potted}} after {{gli|carom|caroming}} off another ball.<ref name="BCA"/><ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|148}} In [[snooker]] and most [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] games doing this would be a {{gli|fault}} ({{gli|foul}}), but the move will score {{gli|point|points}} in many games in which {{gli|hazard|hazards}} (as such) apply, such as [[English billiards]], or in the final or game point in [[Cowboy pool]]. The term derives from this hazard costing the player points in early forms of billiards.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|275}}  ''Compare {{gli|in-off}}, {{gli|scratch}}. Contrast {{gli|winning hazard}}.'' }}

{{Term| low }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Also '''lows''', '''low balls''', '''low ones'''.'' In [[eight-ball]], to be shooting the solid {{gli|suit}} ({{gli|group}}) of balls (1 through 7); "you're low, remember", "you're low balls" or "I've got the lows." ''Compare {{gli|solids}}, {{gli|red ball|reds}}, {{gli|little}}, {{gli|spot|spots}}, {{gli|dots}}, {{gli|unders}}; contrast {{gli|high}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=With {{gli|draw}}, as in "I shot that low left", meaning "I shot that with draw and with left {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}}". Derives from the fact that one must aim below the {{gli|cue ball}}'s equator, i.e. "low" on the ball, to impart draw. ''Contrast {{gli|high}}.'' }}

{{Glossary end}}
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==M==
{{Glossary}}
{{Term| mace }}
{{Defn|1=The forerunner of the cue was the mace, an implement similar to a light-weight [[Golf club (equipment)|golf club]], with a foot that was generally used to shove rather than strike the cue ball.<ref name="Everton 1986">{{Cite book |title=The History of Snooker and Billiards |last=Everton |first=Clive |author-link=Clive Everton |location=Haywards Heath, England |publisher=[[Transworld (company)|Partridge Press]]|pages=8–11 |date=1986 |isbn=1-85225-013-5}} Revised version of ''The Story of Billiards and Snooker'', 1979</ref> When the ball was {{Cuegloss|Frozen|frozen}} against a {{Cuegloss|Cushion|rail cushion}}, use of the mace was difficult (the foot would not fit under the edge of the cushion to strike the ball squarely), and by 1670 experienced players often used the tail or butt end of the mace instead.}}

{{Term| magnetic cue ball }}
{{Defn|1= A {{gli|cue ball}} that, due to embedded iron content, is responsive enough to a strong [[magnet]] that a modern coin-operated {{gli|bar table}} with a magnetic {{gli|ball return|ball-return mechanism}} can distinguish and separate the cue ball from the {{gli|object ball|object balls}}. Magnetic cue balls are usually the same standard size as the object balls in the set, and near regulation weight, typically 0.5 to 1 ounce (14–28&nbsp;g) heavier than the object balls. As such they do not suffer the playability problems of either excessively dense, ceramic "{{gli|rock}}" or notable oversized "{{gli|grapefruit}}" cue balls, and demonstrate only minimal {{gli|smash-through}}. Magnetic balls are standard equipment in some leagues, including the [[Valley National Eight-ball Association|VNEA]]. Magnetics come in three construction types of iron embedded in the same [[phenolic resin]] or other modern, resilient plastic that the {{gli|object ball|object balls}} are made of: a solid metal core (prone to being off-center and not rolling true); small metal bars distributed around the interior of the ball (the most common, and less prone but not immune to balance defects); and tiny metal filings throughout the material (the most consistent, only made by one manufacturer, and expensive). }}

{{Term| mark }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=The target of a scam or hustle;<ref>Lexico Publishing Group, LLC (2006). [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/mark Mark – Dictionary.com]. Retrieved February 19, 2007.</ref> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A foolish person in a pool room; }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=To indicate where something is to be done. To "mark the pocket" means to indicate which pocket you intend to sink an {{gli|object ball}}. ''Contrast {{gli|fish}}.'' }}

{{Term| massé | content={{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Main article: {{section link|Cue sports techniques|Massé shot}}}}[[File:Spinks massé 1893.png|thumb|right|An extreme {{gli|massé|{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}} shot by [[William A. Spinks]] during an 1893 [[exhibition game]] against [[Jacob Schaefer, Sr.]] Starting from bottom left, his {{gli|cue ball}} swerves into and {{gli|carom|caroms}} off one {{gli|object ball}}, then due to its extreme {{gli|spin}} rebounds into the {{gli|cushion}} ''four'' times before finally rolling away for a perfect, scoring hit on the other object ball. And Spinks lost this game.]]<!--Replace with a better-quality image soon!-->
''Also '''{{lang|fr|massé}} shot'''.'' A steep curve or complete reversal of cue ball direction without the necessity of any rail or object ball being struck, due to extreme {{gli|spin}} imparted to the cue ball by a steeply elevated cue.<ref name="BCA"/> Its invention is credited to [[François Mingaud]]. ''Compare {{gli|semi-massé|semi-{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}.'' }}

{{Term| master break}}
{{Defn|1= Breaking and going on to win the game in one visit. }}

{{Term| match }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=The overall competition between two players, two pairs of players or two teams of players, usually consisting of a predetermined number of {{gli|frame|frames}}<ref name="WEPFRules"/> or {{gli|game|games}} (sometimes organized into {{gli|round|rounds}}). There are also specialized match formats where the game number is not predetermined; ''see {{gli|race}} and {{gli|ahead race or session|ahead race}} for examples''. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=To agree to rise to a higher wager, as in "$100? Yeah, I'll match that" (i.e., basically equivalent to "call a raise" in [[poker]]). }}

{{Term| match ball }}
{{Defn|1= The ball required to guarantee victory in a match. Sometimes used figuratively to mean the last difficult ball required (chiefly British and usually used in multi-frame matches, particularly snooker). }}

{{Term|term= match play |content=match play {{anchor|matchplay|match-play}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''matchplay''', '''match-play'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Chiefly British: Competitive play in {{gli|match|matches}} with standings consequences, such as local [[snooker league]] competition or the [[World Snooker Championship]], as opposed to practice, playing with friends at the pub, or [[hustling]] pool for money. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1= Chiefly American: ''Same as {{gli|one-on-one}} as applied to {{gli|league}} play.'' (Definition appears to have been introduced by [[USA Pool League]] misapplying the term "match" to what is otherwise termed a "{{gli|race}}".)<ref name="BCAPL-USAPL 2009"/>{{Rp|2}} }}

{{Term| maximum break }}
{{Defn|1= {{Main|Maximum break}}
''Also simply '''maximum'''.''
In [[snooker]], the highest {{gli|break}} attainable with the balls that are {{gli|rack|racked}}; usually 147 points starting by {{gli|pot|potting}} fifteen {{gli|red ball|red}}s, in combination with {{gli|black ball|black}}s, and clearing the {{gli|colour ball|colour}}s. Also called a '''147''' (''one-four-seven''). In [[six-red snooker]], the maximum break is only 75 points, due to fewer red balls and thus fewer black-scoring opportunities. ''See also {{gli|total clearance}}.'' }}

{{Term| mechanical bridge }}
{{Defn|1= A special stick with a grooved, slotted or otherwise supportive end attachment that helps guide the cue stick – a stand-in for the {{gli|bridge}} hand. It is usually used only when the shot cannot be comfortably reached with a hand bridge. In American English, often shortened to '''bridge''' or called a '''bridge stick''';<ref name="BCA"/> the term '''{{gli|rake}}''' is also common.

An entire class of different mechanical bridges exist for [[snooker]], called '''{{gli|rest|rests}}''' ''(see that entry for details)'', also commonly used in [[blackball (pool)|blackball]] and [[English billiards]].

Mechanical bridges have many derogatory nicknames, such as "{{gli|ladies' aid}}", "crutch", "granny stick", and "sissy stick", because of the perception by many amateur players that they are evidence of weak playing skills or technique (the opposite is actually true).<ref name="Fels"/><!-- Please do not clutter this definition with any more of the very numerous derogatory expressions that amateur players use for the mechanical bridge; four examples are enough until such time as a consensus is developed on the talk page that all of them should have their own sourced, individual entries. -->

Small mechanical bridges, that stand on the table surface instead of being mounted on sticks, exist for [[Disability|disabled]] players who do not have or cannot use both hands or arms.}}

{{Term| merry widow }}
{{Defn|1= Jargon word for a cue stick that does not feature points{{cfn|date=November 2019}} on the forearm.}}

{{Term| middle pocket }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|centre pocket}}.'' }}

{{Term| middle spot }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|center spot}}; uncommon.'' }}

{{Term| miscue }}
{{Defn|1= A stroke in which the cue's tip glances or slips off the cue ball not effectively transferring the intended force.<ref name="BCA"/> Usually the result is a bungled shot. Common causes include a lack of {{gli|chalk}} on the {{gli|cue tip}}, a poorly groomed cue tip and not stroking straight through the cue ball, e.g. because of {{gli|steering}}. Also the distinctive metallic sound made when a miscue occurs. }}

{{Term| miss }}
{{Defn|1= In [[snooker]], a shot where a player {{gli|foul|fouls}} by missing the ball on altogether. The miss rule allows for his opponent to have the player play exactly the same shot again, or at least as accurately as the {{gli|referee}} is able to reproduce the ball positions. A miss usually occurs when a player makes an unsuccessful attempt at escaping from a snooker. It is a controversial rule aimed at formally discouraging {{gli|deliberate foul|deliberate fouls}}. In professional snooker, a referee will almost always call a miss on any foul where the player misses the ball on altogether, regardless of how close the player comes to hitting it. If a player is called for a miss three times in a single visit while not snookered, he forfeits the frame; to avoid this, players almost always play an easy hit on their third attempt, even if it is likely to leave a chance for the opponent. }}

{{Term| missable }}
{{Defn|1= Describing a difficult {{gli|pot}}: "the awkward cueing makes this shot missable." }}

{{Term|term= money added |content=money added {{anchor|money-added|moneyadded|added money}}}}
{{Defn|1= Said of a tournament in which the {{gli|pot}} of money to pay out to the winner(s) contains sponsor monies in addition to competitor entry fees. Often used as an adjective: "a money-added event". ''See also {{gli|added}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= money ball |content=money ball {{anchor|money-ball|moneyball|money balls|money-balls|moneyballs}}}}
{{Defn|1= Name for the ball that when legally pocketed, wins the game, or any ball that when made results in a payday such as a "{{gli|way}}" in the game of [[Chicago (pool)|Chicago]]. If a money ball is illegally pocketed, it usually results in a loss of game, or a {{gli|foul}}. }}

{{Term|term= money game |content=money game {{anchor|money-game|moneygame|money games|money-games|moneygames|money}}}}
{{Defn|1= A game (often actually a {{gli|race}}) the outcome of which is the subject of [[gambling]] by the players and/or by {{gli|stakehorse|stakehorses}}. Participants may use the phrase "this is a money game" to indicate to others that they take the contest more seriously than a casual game and, e.g., are unwilling to make sportsmanlike compromises or do not appreciate distractions. A clear illustration of the latter is in the "two brothers and a stranger" [[hustling]] scene in the film ''[[The Color of Money (film)|The Color of Money]]''. }}

{{Term|term= money, in the |content=money, in the {{anchor|in the money}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|in the money}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= money table |content=money table {{anchor|money tables|money-table|money tables|moneytable|moneytables}}}}
{{Defn|1= The table reserved for {{gli|money games}} or, by extension, the best table in the house. This table is typically of better quality and regularly maintained, and may have {{gli|pocket|pockets}} that are unusually {{gli|tight}}. Money tables in popular venues may be outright reserved for major {{gli|action}}. }}

{{Term|term= mushroom |content=mushroom {{anchor|mushrooms|mushroomed|mushroom tip|mushroomed tip}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''mushroomed tip'''.''
Leather of the [[Cue stick|cue]] {{gli|cue tip|tip}} overhanging the {{gli|ferrule}} because of compression from innumerable repeated impacts against the {{gli|cue ball}} without proper maintenance of the tip. It must be trimmed off, or it will cause {{gli|miscue|miscues}} and inaccuracies, as it is not backed by the solid ferrule and thus will compress much more than the tip should on impact.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|159}}  ''See also {{gli|burnish}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= mushroom trimmer |content=mushroom trimmer {{anchor|mushroom shaver|mushroom cutter}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''mushroom shaver''', '''mushroom cutter'''.''
A sharp-bladed {{gli|tip tool}} used to trim the {{gli|mushroom|mushroomed}} portion off a {{gli|cue tip}} and restore it to its proper shape. }}

{{Glossary end}}
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==N==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| nap }}
{{Defn|1= A directional pile created by the short fuzzy ends of fibers on the surface of {{gli|cloth}} projecting upward from the lie and which create a favorable and unfavorable direction for rolling balls.<ref name="TIEOB"/> The convention in most billiards games in which  directional nap cloth is used is to brush the cloth along the table in the same direction of the nap, usually from the end that a player {{gli|break|breaks}}. In [[snooker]] and [[Eight-ball#UK|UK eight-ball]] especially, this creates the effect of {{gli|creep}} in the direction of the nap, the most-affected shot being a slow roll into a {{gli|center pocket}} against the nap. It is commonly referred to in the fuller term "nap of the cloth." When nap is used in relation to woven cloths that have no directional pile, such as those typically used in the U.S. for pool tables, the term simply refers to the fuzziness of the cloth.<ref>Lexico Publishing Group, LLC (2006). [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/nap Nap – Dictionary.com]</ref> }}

{{Term| natural }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Noun: In [[pool (cue sports)|pool]], a natural is an easy shot requiring no {{gli|side spin}} ({{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}}). }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Adjective: In pool, a shot is said to be natural if it does not require adjustments, such as a {{gli|cut}} angle, side spin, or unusual force. A natural {{gli|bank shot}}, for example, is one in which simply shooting straight into the {{gli|object ball}} at medium speed and with no spin will send the object ball directly into the target [[Pocket (billiards)|pocket]] on the other side of the table. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In [[three cushion billiards]], the most standard{{Clarify|date=August 2008|reason=What does "most standard" mean?}} shot where the third ball is advantageously placed in a corner.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term|term= 9 ball |content=9 ball {{anchor|9-ball|9ball|nine ball|nine-ball|nineball|the 9|9, the|the nine|nine, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''the 9'''.''
The {{gli|money ball}} ({{gli|game ball}} or {{gli|frame ball}}) in a game of [[nine-ball]]. It is the last ball that must be pocketed, after the remaining eight object balls have been pocketed, or may be pocketed early to win the game so long as the lowest-numbered ball on the table is struck before the 9. In other games, such as [[eight-ball]], the 9 is simply one of the regular object balls (a {{gli|stripes|stripe}}, in particular). }}

{{Term| nip draw }}
{{Defn|1= A short, jabbed {{gli|draw}} {{gli|stroke}} usually employed so as to not commit a {{gli|foul}} (i.e. due to following through to a {{gli|double hit}}) when the cue ball is very near to the target {{gli|object ball}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| nit }}
{{Defn|1= Someone who wants too high a handicap or refuses to wager any money on a relatively fair match; a general pool room pejorative moniker. Probably derived from "nitwit". }}

{{Term| nominate }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|call}}. (Formal.)'' }}

{{Term|term= nose |content=nose {{anchor|noses|cushion nose|cushion noses|rail nose}}}}
{{Defn|1= The furthest-protruding edge of the {{gli|face}} of the {{gli|cushion}} over the {{gli|bed}} of the table. The dimensions of the {{gli|playing area}} are thus defined by the measurements lengthwise and widthwise between the cushion noses (though specifications may simply refer to the cushion face for short in that context).<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} The height of the nose from the bed determines the cushion {{gli|profile}}. The corners (sharp on pool tables, rounded on snooker tables) formed by the nose at the entrance to the {{gli|pocket|pockets}} are called the {{gli|knuckle|knuckles}}, {{gli|point|points}}, or {{gli|titty|titties}}. The difference between the noses and the knuckles of the cushions is that the former run the entire length of the cusion, while the latter are the points or curves formed there the cushion meets the pocket. The edge of cushion on the inside of the pocket {{gli|jaw}}s is the {{gli|facing}}.}}

{{Term|term= nurse |content=nurse {{anchor|nurses|nurse shot|nurse-shot|nurseshot|nursery|nursery shot|nursery-shot|nurse cannon|nursery cannon}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''nurse shot''', '''nursery shot''', '''nursery cannon'''.}}
In carom games such as [[Balkline and straight rail|straight rail]], [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline]] and [[cushion caroms]], where all the balls are kept near each other and a cushion, so that with very soft shots the balls can be "nursed" down a rail, allowing multiple successful shots that effectively replicate the same ball setup so that the nurse shots can be continued almost indefinitely, unless a limit is imposed by the rules.

Excessive use of nurse shots by players skilled enough to set them up and pull them off repeatedly at will is what led to the development of the [[Balkline and straight rail|balkline]] [[carom billiards]] game variations, and repetitive shot limitation rules in [[English billiards]]. A clear example of why: In 1907, [[Tom Reece]] scored a record {{gli|break}} of 499,135 consecutive {{gli|point|points}} over a period of five weeks, without a miss, using the {{gli|cradle cannon}} nurse shot.<ref>{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Holt |title=Sport and the British: A Modern History |publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1989 |isbn=0-19-285229-9 |page=191}}</ref>}}

{{Glossary end}}
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==O==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| object ball |content={{vanchor|object ball|object balls}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Depending on context:}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Any [[Billiard ball|ball]] that may be legally struck by the {{gli|cue ball}} (i.e., any {{gli|ball-on}}); }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Any ball other than the cue ball.

Usage notes: When speaking very generally, e.g. about the proper way to make a kind of shot, any ball other than the cue ball is an object ball. In narrower contexts, this may not be the case. For example when playing [[eight-ball]] one might not think of the 8 ball as an object ball unless shooting for the 8.}}

{{Term| on a string }}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Used when describing perfect play; a metaphoric reference to [[puppetry]]:}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;[[pool (cue sports)|pool]]: ''See {{gli|having the cue ball on a string|Having the cue ball on a string}}''. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=[[Carom billiards]]: Order may be inverted: "as if the balls had strings on them".<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}

{{Term| on the hill }}
{{Defn|1= Describes a player who needs only one more game win to be victorious in the match.<ref name="Paski"/><ref name="USOpen06"/> ''See also {{gli|hill-hill|hill, hill}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= on the lemonade |content=on the lemonade {{anchor|on the lemon|lemonade|laying down the lemon|laying on the lemon|lemon}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''on the lemon''', '''laying down the lemon'''.''
Disguising the level of one's ability to play; also known as {{gli|sandbag|sandbagging}} or {{gli|hustle|hustling}} (though the latter has a broader meaning).<ref name="BF">billiardsforum.info (2007). [http://www.billiardsforum.info/billiard-terms-definition/on-the-lemonade.asp Billiard, Pool, and Snooker terms and definitions]. Retrieved March 16, 2007</ref><ref name="Beenie">{{cite journal | last = Shaw | first = Thomas C. | title = The Legendary Weenie Beenie | journal = Pool & Billiard Magazine | volume =  16| issue =  5 | page = 59| issn = 1049-2852 | date = May 1998 | quote = It was almost as if during his years of learning that he'd been laying down the lemon. They expected the speed of the old Beenie. 'But I had improved.'}}</ref>
''Compare {{gli|lemonade stroke}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= on the snap |content=on the snap {{anchor|on the break|on the beakoff|on the break-off}}}}
{{Defn|1= As a result of the opening {{gli|break}} shot (the "snap"), usually said of winning by {{gli|pocket|pocketing}} the {{gli|money ball}} ("won on the snap", "got it on the snap", etc.) Employed most commonly in the game of [[nine-ball]] where pocketing the {{gli|9 ball|9 ball}} at any time in the game on a legal stroke, including the break shot, is a win.<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref>{{cite book |first1=Steve |last1=Mizerak |author1-link=Steve Mizerak |first2=Ewa |last2=Mataya Laurance |author2-link=Ewa Mataya Laurance |first3=Jerry |last3=Forsyth |date=2003 |title=Quick-Start Guide to Pocket Billiards |publisher=McGraw-Hill |location=New York |isbn=0-07-141520-3 |page=87}}</ref>  Sometimes used alone as an exclamation or exhortation, "On the snap!"<ref name="tcom"/>  ''See also {{gli|golden break}}.'' }}

{{Term| on the wire }}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|games on the wire}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= one-on-one |content=one-on-one {{anchor|one on one|1-on-1|1 on 1|ooo}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''1-on-1''', '''one on one''', etc.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Competition between an individual player and an individual opponent, as opposed to team play, {{gli|scotch doubles}} and other multi-player variants. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A team play format in which an individual player from the home team plays a {{gli|race}} against an individual player from the visiting team, and then is finished for that {{gli|match}}.<ref name="BCAPL-USAPL 2009">''Player Handbook: BCA Pool League'' / ''USAPL: USA Pool League Player Handbook'' (2009–2010 Edition). "[http://playusapool.com/Portals/0/download/RulesMP.pdf USA Pool League Match Play Rules] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715093311/http://playusapool.com/Portals/0/download/RulesMP.pdf |date=2011-07-15 }}". June 1, 2009. Henderson, NV: BCA Pool League.</ref>{{Rp|3–4}} ''(Same as {{gli|match play}}, definition 2.)'' Several large leagues use this format, including [[American Poolplayers Association|APA/CPA]] and [[USA Pool League|USAPL]]. (''Contrast {{gli|round robin}}.)'' }}

{{Term|term= one-stroke |content=one-stroke {{anchor|one stroke|one-strokes|one-stroked|one-stroking|1-stroke|1 stroke|1-strokes|1-stroked|1-stroking}}}}
{{Defn|1= To shoot without taking enough warm-up strokes to properly aim and feel out the stroke and speed to be applied. One-stroking is a common symptom of nervousness and a source of missed shots and failed position.<ref name="Brandt"/>  ''See also {{gli|choke}}, {{gli|dog}}.'' }}

{{Term| open }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=In eight-ball, when all {{gli|object ball|object balls}} are {{gli|ball-on|balls-on}} for either player. ''See {{gli|open table}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A description of a {{gli|break shot}} in which the {{gli|rack}} ({{gli|pack}}) is spread apart well. ''See also the {{gli|open break}} requirement in some games' rules, including [[eight-ball]] and [[nine-ball]]'' }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In [[carom billiards]], descriptive of play in which the balls are not {{gli|gather shot|gathered}}. ''See {{gli|open play}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=A description of a layout of balls that, because it is so spread out, makes it easy for a good player to {{gli|run out}} and win, due to lack of problematic {{gli|cluster|clustered}} balls. }}

{{Term| open break }}
{{Defn|1= A requirement under some pool rulesets that either an {{gli|object ball}} be pocketed, or at least four object balls be driven to contact the {{gli|cushion|cushions}}, on the opening {{gli|break shot}}.<ref name="BCA"/>  ''Contrast {{gli|soft break}}.'' }}

{{Term| open bridge }}
{{Defn|1= A bridge formed by the hand where no finger loops over the shaft of the cue. Typically, the cue stick is channeled by a "v"-shaped groove formed by the thumb and the base of the index finger. }}

{{Term| open play }}
{{Defn|1= A description of play in [[carom billiards]] games in which the balls remain widely separated rather than {{gli|gather shot|gathered}}, requiring much more skill to score {{gli|point|points}} and making {{gli|nurse|nurse shots}} effectively impossible, and making for a more interesting game for onlookers.<ref name="BDESaw"/> Most skilled players try to gather the balls as quickly as possible to increase their chances of continuing to score in a long {{gli|run}}. }}

{{Term| open table }}
{{Defn|1=In [[eight-ball]] and related games, describes the situation in which neither player has yet claimed a {{gli|suit}} ({{gli|group}}) of balls. Often shortened to simply '''open''': "Is it still an open table?" "Yes, it's open." }}

{{Term| orange ball}}

{{Term| orange crush, the |content={{vanchor|orange crush, the|orange crush}}}}
{{Defn|1= The 5 {{gli|out}} (meaning the player getting the handicap can win by making the 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9 balls). }}

{{Term| out }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A specific ball number followed by "out" refers to a {{gli|handicap}} in [[nine-ball]] or other rotation games where the "spot" is all balls from that designated number to the money ball. To illustrate, the 6-out in a nine-ball game would allow the player getting {{gli|weight}} to win by {{gli|legal|legally}} pocketing the 6, 7, 8 or 9 balls. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Short for {{gli|run out}}, especially as a noun'': "That was a nice out." }}

{{Term| outside english }}
{{Defn|1= {{gli|Side spin}} on a {{gli|cue ball}} on the opposite side of the direction of the {{gli|cut}} angle to be played (right-hand {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} when cutting an {{gli|object ball}} to the left, and vice versa). In addition to affecting cue ball position, outside {{Not a typo|english}} can be used to decrease {{gli|throw}}. }}

{{Term| overcut }}
{{Defn|1= Hitting the {{gli|object ball}} with too large of a {{gli|cut}} angle; hitting the object ball too thin. It is a well-known maxim that overcutting is preferable to {{gli|undercut|undercutting}} in many situations, as is more often leaves the table in a disadvantageous position on the miss than does an undercut. ''See also {{gli|professional side of the pocket}}.'' }}

{{Term| overs }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|stripes}}, in New Zealand.<ref name="Stickmen2">{{cite video
 | people     = Robbie Magasiva speaking as the character Jack; Hamish Rothwell, director
 |date       = 2001
 | title      = [[Stickmen (film)|Stickmen]]
 | medium     = DVD
 | publisher  = Monarch
 | location   = New Zealand
 | time       = 1:09:27
 }}</ref> Compare {{gli|yellow ball|yellows}}, {{gli|high}}, {{gli|big|big ones}}; contrast {{gli|unders}}.'' }}

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==P==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| pack }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=In [[snooker]], the bunch of reds that are typically left below the {{gli|pink ball|pink}} spot in the early stages of a {{gli|frame}}, not including those reds that have been released into {{gli|pot|pottable}} positions. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A cluster of balls.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|243}} }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Same as {{gli|package}}.'' }}

{{Term| package }}
{{Defn|1= Successive games won without the opponent getting to the table; a five-{{gli|pack}} would be a package of five games. }}

{{Term|term= pantsed |content={{lang|en-AU|pantsed}}{{anchor|pantsing}} }}
{{Defn|1= ''Australian: same as {{gli|down-trou}}.''}}

{{Term| paper cut }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|feather}} (US) or {{gli|snick}} (UK)'' (US, colloquial). }}

{{Term|term= Parker's box |content=Parker's box {{anchor|Parker box|Parker's Box|Parker Box|parker's box|parker box|parkerbox|Parker-boxed}}}}
{{Defn|1= Named after [[Chicago]]an J. E. Parker, it is a {{frac|3|1|2}} &nbsp;×&nbsp;7&nbsp;inch box drawn on a {{gli|balkline}} table from the termination of a balkline with the {{gli|cushion}}, thus defining a restricted space in which only a set number of points may be scored before one ball must be driven from the area. Now supplanted by {{gli|anchor space|anchor spaces}}, it was developed to curtail the effectiveness of the {{gli|anchor nurse}}, which in turn had been invented to exploit a loophole in balkline rules: so long as both object balls straddled a balkline, there was no restriction on {{gli|count|counts}}, as each ball lay in a separate balk space.<ref name="TIEOB"/> }}

{{Term| parking the cue ball }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Having the cue ball stop at or near the center of the table on a forceful break shot (the breaking ideal in many games such as nine-ball); }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Having the cue ball stop precisely where intended. }}

{{Term|term= peas |content={{vanchor|peas|pea|pills|pills|tally ball|tally balls|shake ball|shake balls}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''pills''', '''tally balls''' and '''shake balls'''.''
Small, round markers typically numbered 1 through 16, which are placed in a {{gli|bottle}} for various random assignment purposes, such as in a tournament roster, to assign order of play in a multiplayer game, or to assign particular balls to players in games such as [[kelly pool]].<ref name="TIEOB"/><ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| percentage }}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|play the percentages}}.''<ref name="Brandt"/> Used by itself often with "low" and "high": "that's a low-percentage shot for me", "I should really take the high-percentage one". }}

{{Term| pills }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|peas}}''.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| pin |content={{vanchor|pin|pins}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A bolt-threaded protrusion inside the {{gli|joint}} of the [[Cue stick|cue]], usually protruding from the {{gli|butt}} and screwing into the {{gli|shaft}} rather than vice versa. Most modern cues make use of metal pins and {{gli|collar|collars}}, but [[carom billiards]] cues usually have a wooden pin, and a collarless wood-on-wood joint.<ref name="Kilby 2009">{{cite web
 |title=So What's a Carom Cue? 
 |first=Ronald 
 |last=Kilby 
 |work=CaromCues.com 
 |location=[[Medford, OR]] 
 |publisher=Kilby Cues 
 |date=May 23, 2009 
 |url=http://www.caromcues.com/CaromvsPoolCues.htm 
 |accessdate=November 20, 2009 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080624113211/http://www.caromcues.com/CaromvsPoolCues.htm 
 |archivedate=June 24, 2008 
 |url-status=dead 
}}</ref> }}
{{Defn|1=
2.&nbsp; ''Same as {{gli|skittle}}.'' }}

{{Term| pink ball |content={{vanchor|pink ball|pink}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''the pink'''.''
In [[snooker]], the second-highest value {{gli|colour ball}}, being worth six points.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180}} It is placed on the {{gli|pink spot}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} In some (especially American) snooker ball sets, it is numbered "6" on its surface. }}

{{Term| pink spot }}
{{Defn|1= The marked {{gli|spot}} on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{gli|pink ball}} is placed. Regardless of table size, it is exactly midway between the {{gli|centre spot}} ({{gli|blue spot}}) and the {{gli|face}} ({{gli|nose}}) of the {{gli|top cushion}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} ''Also known as the {{gli|pyramid spot}} (sense 2).''<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180,&nbsp;194}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} }}

{{Term| piqué }}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''piquet'''.''
Either a {{gli|massé|{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}} shot with no {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} ({{gli|sidespin}}), or a shot in which the cue stick is steeply angled, but not held quite as near-vertically as it is in full {{lang|fr|massé}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|171}}<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|243}} }}

{{Term| place }}
{{Defn|1= To reach a certain position in a tournament. "I placed 17th."  "She will probably place {{gli|in the money}} this time." }}

{{Term| plain ball }}
{{Defn|1= In snooker, hitting the {{gli|cue ball}} in the center, without any {{gli|spin}}. }}

{{Term| plant }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British. Same as {{gli|combination shot}}.''<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| play the percentages }}
{{Defn|1= Using knowledge of the game and one's own abilities and limitations to choose the manner of shooting and the particular shot from an array presented, that has a degree of likelihood of success. This often requires a player to forego a shot that if made would be very advantageous but does not have a high likelihood of success, in favor of a safety or less advantageous shot that is more realistically achievable.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term|term= playing area |content=playing area {{anchor|playing surface|play area|play surface|area of play|game-play area|gameplay area}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''playing surface'''.''
The area of the table on which the balls roll, i.e. the table surface exclusive of the {{gli|rail|rails}} and the tops of the {{gli|cushion|cushions}}. The playing surface is defined by the measurements lengthwise and widthwise between the cushion noses (though specifications may simply refer to the cushion {{gli|face|faces}} for short in that context).<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} [[Artistic pool]] and other forms of [[trick shot]]s sometimes call for shots to go beyond the bounds of the playing surface, e.g. a {{gli|jump|jump shot}} off the table into a boot on the floor, in [[Mike Massey]]'s classic "boot shot". The playing surface is what is used, not the entire table, when describing the approximate size of [[billiard table]]s of all kinds (e.g. "an 8&nbsp;×&nbsp;4&nbsp;foot pool table"). }}

{{Term| pocket |content={{vanchor|pocket|pockets}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=(noun) An opening in a [[billiards table]], cut partly into the {{gli|bed}} and partly into the {{gli|rail|rails}} and their {{gli|cushion|cushions}}, into which balls are shot (pocketed or {{gli|pot|potted}}). Pockets may drop into a leather or cloth net, a solid cup, or a {{gli|ball-return}} mechanism. The {{gli|jaw}}s of the pocket have a cushion {{gli|facing}}; the {{gli|knuckle}} or {{gli|point}} is where this facing meets (in a pointed or curved fashion) the cushion that bounds the playing surface of the table.

Billiards-style pockets also feature in some distantly related tabletop games like [[carrom]], [[novuss]], [[pichenotte]], [[pitchnut]], [[air hockey]], and the historical [[bagatelle]] family of games.<!--Some of these link to this entry.-->  Historically related to the holes in [[golf]], the basic concept of a ball-capturing target or hazard is a feature of many other games, including [[pinball]], [[cornhole]], [[skeeball]], and (in an elevated fashion) [[basketball]].
}}
{{Defn|no=2|1=(verb) To send a ball into a pocket, usually intentionally. }}

{{Term|term=pocket facing|content=pocket facing {{anchor|pocket facings}} }}
{{Defn|''Same as {{gli|facing}}.''}}

{{Term|term= pocket speed |content=pocket speed {{anchor|pocket-speed|pocketspeed}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''pocket-speed'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Describes the propensity of {{gli|pocket|table pockets}} to more easily accept an imperfectly aimed ball shot at a relatively soft speed, that might not fall if shot with more velocity ("that ball normally wouldn't fall but he hit it at pocket speed"). The less sensitive to shot-speed that a pocket is, the "{{gli|fast|faster}}" it is said to be.<ref name="USOpen06"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Describes the velocity of an {{gli|object ball}} shot with just enough speed to reach the intended [[Pocket (billiards)|pocket]] and drop. "Shoot this with pocket speed only, so you don't send the cue ball too far up-table." }}

{{Term| pocket template }}
{{Defn|1= A rigid, flat piece of material such as [[plastic]] that outlines the exact angles and curvature of the {{gli|knuckle|knuckles}} of the {{gli|cushion|cushions}} at a {{gli|pocket}}, the width of their separation across the pocket opening (the {{gli|jaws}} of the pocket) and the depth into the jaws where the pocket drop is. The templates thereby determine the size and other playing aspects of the pocket. Such standardization is used especially in [[snooker]] and [[English billiards]], for which the [[World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]] presently issues pocket templates.<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} These [[Proprietary information|proprietary]] templates are tightly controlled, and only provided to approved venues and manufacturers. Each table requires two pairs of templates, as the specifications for {{gli|corner pocket|corner}} and {{gli|centre pocket|centre}} ({{gli|side pocket|side}}) pockets are entirely different.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}}<ref name="BCCSS">{{cite web |url= http://www.worldsnooker.com/staticFiles/40/8d/0,,13165~167232,00.pdf |title=Rules of the Game of Snooker |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=1995 |format=PDF |publisher=British Columbia Cue Sports Society |location=Surrey, BC, Canada |access-date=December 25, 2011 |quote=There are four templates, two for the centre pockets and two for the end pockets. Each template is marked with authorization marks and date stamped. For tournament play the pockets need to be set to current standards.}}</ref> For each pocket type, one template is used to determine pocket width and other horizontal aspects, while the other measures the {{gli|face}} of the cushions including any {{gli|undercut}}, the {{gli|fall}} of the pocket, and other vertical aspects.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}} ''See also {{gli|racking template}}, {{gli|training template}}.'' }}

{{Term| point |content={{vanchor|point|points}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A unit of scoring, in games such as [[snooker]] and [[straight pool]] with numerical scoring. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A unit of scoring, in team {{gli|match|matches}} in {{gli|league|leagues}} that use numerical scoring instead of simple {{gli|game}}/{{gli|frame}} win vs. loss ratios. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=Another term for {{gli|knuckle}} / {{gli|tittie}}. }}

{{Term| pointing }}
{{Defn|1= A term used to indicate balls that are {{gli|frozen}} to each other, or close enough, such that no matter from which angle they are hit, the combination will send the outer ball in the same predictable direction.
"Are the 2 and 7 pointing at the corner??  Okay, I'll use that duck to get position way over there." }}

{{Term| points on the wire}}
{{defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|games on the wire}}.''}}

{{Term|term= pool glasses |content= pool glasses {{anchor|pool spectacles|pool specs}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''pool spectacles''', '''pool specs'''.''
''Same as {{gli|billiards glasses}}.'' }}

{{Term| pool glove }}
{{Defn|1= A tight, [[Spandex]] glove covering usually most or all of the thumb, index finger and middle finger, worn on the {{gli|bridge hand}} as a more convenient and less messy alternative to using {{gli|talc|hand talc}}, and for the same purpose: a smooth-gliding {{gli|stroke}}. }}

{{Term| pool shark }}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|shark}} (in all senses).'' }}

{{Term| position }}
{{Defn|1= The placement of the balls, especially the cue ball, relative to the next planned shot. ''Also known as {{gli|shape}}.''<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See also {{gli|position play}}, {{gli|leave}}.'' }}

{{Term| position play }}
{{Defn|1= Skilled playing in which knowledge of ball speed, angles, post-impact trajectory, and other factors are used to gain {{gli|position}} (i.e. a good {{gli|leave}}) after the target ball is struck. The goals of position play are generally to ensure that the next shot is easy or at least makeable, and/or to play a {{gli|safety}} in the advent of a miss (intentional or otherwise).{{further|Cue sports techniques}} }}

{{Term|term= pot |content= {{vanchor|pot|pots|potting|potted}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=(verb, chiefly British) To sink a ball into a [[Pocket (billiards)|pocket]].<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See also {{gli|pocket}} (verb).'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=(noun, chiefly British) An instance of potting a ball ("it was a good pot considering the angle and distance of the shot"). }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=(noun) Pooled money being played for, in {{gli|money game|money games}} or tournaments, as in poker and other gambling activities. This very old term derives from players placing their {{gli|stake|stakes}} into a pot or other receptacle before play begins. }}

{{Term| pot and tuck }}
{{Defn|1= A tactic employed in [[Blackball (pool)|UK eight-ball pool]] in which a player {{gli|call|calls}} and {{gli|pot|pots}} one of the balls in a favorably lying set, then plays safe, leaving as many of his/her well-placed balls on the table as possible, until the opponents commits a {{gli|foul}} or leaves a chance that the player feels warrants an attempt at {{gli|run out|running out}}. }}

{{Term| potter }}
{{Defn|1= A British term for someone with little experience or understanding of the game, who may be skilled at {{gli|pot|potting}} individual balls but does not consider tactics such as {{gli|position}} or {{gli|safety}}; "he's a potter, not a player." ''Compare U.S. {{gli|banger}}.'' }}

{{Term| potting angle }}
{{Defn|1= The desired angle that must be created between the path of the {{gli|cue ball}} and the path of the {{gli|object ball}} upon contact to {{gli|pot}} the object ball. It is usually measured to the center of the {{gli|pocket}}. ''See also {{gli|aiming line}}.'' }}

{{Term| power draw }}
{{Defn|1= Extreme application of {{gli|draw}}.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| professional foul }}
{{Defn|1= A deliberate {{gli|foul}} that leaves the balls in a {{gli|safe}} position, reducing the risk of giving a {{gli|frame}}-winning chance to the opponent. The [[Rules of snooker#Foul and a Miss|miss rule]] in [[snooker]] was implemented primarily to discourage the professional fouls. }}

{{Term|term= professional side of the pocket |content=professional side of the pocket {{anchor|pro side of the pocket|professional side|pro side}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''pro side of the pocket'''; sometimes "of the pocket" is left off the phrase.}}
The {{gli|long rail|long-rail}} side of a {{gli|corner pocket}}. To "aim for the profession side of the pocket" is to slightly {{gli|overcut}} a difficult corner-pocket {{cuegloss|cut shot}}, to {{cuegloss|cheat the pocket}}, rather than {{gli|undercut|undercutting}}, especially in [[nine-ball]]. Erring too much in this direction is "missing on the professional side of the pocket."  It is so called because experienced players understand that on a thin cut, overcutting the object ball to a corner pocket will far more often leave the object ball in an unfavorable position, i.e. along the {{gli|short rail}} for the incoming opponent than will an undercut, which often leaves the object ball sitting in front of or nearby the pocket it had been intended for on a miss.<ref>[[ESPN]] broadcast of 2007 WPBA Great Lakes Classic, second semi-final. Helena Thornfeldt vs. [[Ga-Young Kim]]. In-context commentary on rack 10 by pool pro Dawn Hopkins.</ref><ref name="MosconiCup">[[FSN New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[Mosconi Cup]] (August 21, 2007). Team USA members ([[Johnny Archer]] and [[Corey Deuel]]) vs. Team Europe members ([[Thomas Engert]] and [[David Alcaide]]). In-context commentary on rack 7 by pool pros [[Jim Wych]] and Jerry Forsyth: "You try and overcut it a little bit if you miss it...if you hit it thick you'll sell out...this is called missing it on the pro side."</ref><ref name="Cuetec">[[ESPN]] broadcast of 2007 Cuetec Cues 9-Ball Championship (aired on December 23, 2007), second semifinal: ([[Ga-Young Kim]] vs. [[Kelly Fisher]]). In context commentary by pool pro [[Ewa Mataya Laurance]].</ref>

By contrast, in [[eight-ball]], except when both players are shooting at the {{cuegloss|8 ball}}, the incoming player after a miss is shooting for different object balls, so this maxim does not apply, and the opposite may be good strategy as, if the object ball stays near the pocket through an undercut, it is advantageously positioned for a subsequent turn and may block the opponent's use of the pocket.<ref name="RGivens"/>}}

{{Term|term= program |content=program {{anchor|programme|programs|programmes|programmed|the program|the programme|program, the|programme, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also (chiefly British) '''programme'''.''
''Short for {{gli|shot program}}.''<ref name="APTSA Rules"/> }}

{{Term| purple ball }}

{{Term| push }}
{{Defn|1=
1.&nbsp; ''Same as {{gli|push out}}.'' }}
{{Defn|1=
2.&nbsp; ''Same as {{gli|push shot}}.'' }}

{{Term| push out }}
{{Defn|1= ''As an adjective or compound noun: '''push-out'''.''
A rule in many games (most notably [[nine-ball]], after and only after the break shot), allowing a player to "push out" the cue ball to a new position without having to contact any ball, much less pocket one or drive it to a {{gli|cushion}}, but not counting any pocketed ball as valid (other foul rules apply, such as {{gli|double hit|double hits}}, {{gli|scratch|scratching}} the cue ball, etc.), with the caveat that the opponent may shoot from the new cue ball position or give the shot back to the pusher who must shoot from the new position. In nine-ball particularly, and derived games such as [[seven-ball]] and [[ten-ball]], pocketing the {{gli|money ball}} on a push-out results in that ball being {{gli|spot (verb)|respotted}} (which can be used to strategic advantage in certain circumstances, such as when the break leaves no shot on the {{gli|ball-on}}, and failure to hit it would give the incoming player an instant-win {{gli|combination|combination shot}} on the money ball).{{Clarify|date=January 2009}}<!--If in nine-ball I pocket the 5 ball on a push-out, does it also get respotted, in Intl. Std. Rules? Yes or no, the glossary entry should say so.--> }}

{{Term| push shot }}
{{Defn|1= Any {{gli|foul}} shot in which a player's {{gli|cue tip}} stays in contact with the {{gli|cue ball}} for more than the momentary time commensurate with a {{gli|stroke|stroked}} shot.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|116}}<ref name="BCA"/> In the game of [[snooker]], it is considered a push if the [[Cue stick|cue]] strikes the cue ball more than once in a given shot (a {{gli|double hit}}) or if the cue stick, cue ball and {{gli|ball-on}} are all in contact together during a shot (if the cue ball and {{gli|object ball}} are {{gli|frozen}} together, special dispensation is given provided the cue ball is struck at a downward or otherwise "off" angle; that is, not directly into the line of the two balls).<!--Most of this snooker material needs to be moved to [[#double hit]], as it is not really relevant to this definition; need new defn. "2. In [[snooker]], same as {{gli|double hit}}."?  Or something. It's clear that the UK usage overlaps the two distinct US terms.--> }}

{{Term|term= put up money |content=put up money {{anchor|put up the money|put the money up|put it up}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=For a player to place money for a wager in an openly visible spot (typically on the hanging light above the [[Billiard table|table]], thus the origin of the phrase); this demonstrates that the money is actually present and obviates any need to demand its production from the loser's pocket. "You want to play for 500? Put it up!" }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=To stake a particular amount of money on a gambling player. "I'll put up another 2000, but you'd better win this time." }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=On a coin-operated {{gli|bar table}}, to place one or more coins on the {{gli|rail}}, or on the {{gli|bed}} of the table under the {{gli|cushion}}, as a marker of one's place in line (UK: on queue) to play. "You didn't put your [[Quarter dollar|quarters]] up."  And alternative is to put one's name on a list, e.g. on a chalkboard. }}

{{Term| pyramid }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=The full fifteen ball set of [[pool (cue sports)|pool]] or [[snooker]] {{gli|object ball|object balls}} after being {{gli|rack|racked}}, before the {{gli|break}} shot ''(i.e., same as {{gli|rack}}, definition 2, and {{gli|triangle}}, defn. 2)''. Chiefly British today, but also an American usage ca. [[World War I]].<ref
name="NYT19160901">{{cite journal
 |work=[[New York Times]]
 |title=Russian Game Popular: New Billiard Version Is Gaining Favor Among Manhattan Cuemen
 |date=1916-09-01
 |page=11
 |publisher=[[New York Times Company]]
 |location=[[New York, NY]]
 |author=staff writers
 |url= https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F07E7DF143BE633A25752C0A96F9C946796D6CF
}}</ref> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Also '''pyramids'''.''
The game of [[Russian pyramid]] or any related game. }}

{{Term| pyramid spot }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=In [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]], ''same as {{gli|foot spot}}'': The {{gli|spot}} on which the {{gli|pyramid}} is {{gli|rack|racked}}, with the {{gli|apex}} ball on this spot. Chiefly British today, but also an American usage ca. World War I.<ref
name="NYT19160901"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In [[snooker]] (and by extension modern [[English billiards]]), ''same as {{gli|pink spot}}'':  The spot on which the {{gli|pink ball|pink ball is placed}}, in front of the pyramid.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|179–180,&nbsp;194}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} }}

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==Q==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term|term= quadruple century |content=quadruple century {{anchor|quadruple-century|quadruple-century break|quadruple century break}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''quadruple-century break'''.''
''See {{gli|double century}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= quintuple century |content=quintuple century {{anchor|quintuple-century|quintuple-century break|quintuple century break}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''quintuple-century break'''.''
''See {{gli|double century}}.'' }}

{{Glossary end}}

==R==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| race }}
{{Defn|1= A predetermined, fixed number of {{gli|game|games}} or points a player must achieve to win a {{gli|match}} or game; "a race to seven", in the context of nine-ball, means whomever wins seven games first wins the {{gli|match}}.<ref name="TIEOB" />{{rp|186}}<ref name="BCA"/><ref name="USOpen06-3"/> ''See also {{gli|ahead race}} for a more specialized usage.'' }}

{{Term|term= rack (noun) |content=rack (noun) {{anchor|rack|racks}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A geometric form, usually aluminum, wooden or plastic, used to assist in setting up balls in games like [[eight-ball]], [[nine-ball]], and [[snooker]]. The rack allows for more consistently tight grouping of balls, which is necessary for a successful {{gli|break}} shot. In most games a triangle-shaped rack capable of holding fifteen balls can be employed, even if the game calls for racking less than a full ball set, such as in the game of nine-ball. ''For further information, see the [[Rack (billiards)]] main article.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Used to refer to a racked group of balls before they have been broken. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In some games, refers to a single {{gli|frame}}. }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=Colloquial shorthand for "a set of [[Billiard balls|balls]]". }}
{{Defn|no=5|1=Short for {{gli|cue rack}}, {{gli|wall rack}} or {{gli|scoring rack}} when such abbreviation would not be ambiguous. }}

{{Term|term= rack (verb) |content=rack (verb) {{anchor|racking|racked}}}}
{{Defn|1= The act of setting up the balls for a {{gli|break}} shot. In tournament play this will be done by the {{gli|referee}}, but in lower-level play, players either rack for themselves or for each other depending on convention. }}

{{Term|term= rack and run}}
{{Defn| Chiefly American: In pool games, when a player racks the object balls, and the {{cuegloss|break}}ing opponent does not pocket a ball on the break, and the person who {{cuegloss|rack}}ed the game commences to run out all of the remaining object balls without the breaker getting another visit at the table. This is similar to a {{cuegloss|break and run}}, with the key difference being that the person executing the "rack and run" did not break the balls in that game. }}

{{Term|term= racking template |content=racking template {{anchor|rack template}}}}
{{Defn|1= An outgrowth of the {{gli|training template}} concept, a racking template is a {{gli|rack (verb)|racking}} tool used in place of a traditional rigid [[Rack (billiards)|ball rack]] for [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] or [[snooker]] balls, consisting of a very thin, e.g. {{convert|0.14|mm|in|abbr=on}},<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010">{{cite web |url= http://www.magicballrack.com |title=Magic Ball Rack |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |work=MagicBallRack.com |publisher=Magic Ball Rack |location=<!--Unspecified and not available from whois records.--> |date=2010 |pages="FAQ", "Products", "Endorsed Pro" and other pages |access-date=September 26, 2010}}</ref> sheet of material such as paper<ref name="troyroy78 2009">{{cite web |url= http://forums.azbilliards.com/showthread.php?t=155450 |title=Magic Ball Rack Introduction (Perfect Rack {{sic|Every|time|hide=y}}) |author="troyroy78" |publisher=AZBilliards, Inc. |location=Avondale, Arizona |pages="Forums" section |date=September 8, 2009 |access-date=September 26, 2010}}</ref> or plastic<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010"/> with holes into which {{gli|object ball|object balls}} settle snugly against one another to form a tight rack ({{gli|pack}}). The template is placed, stencil-like, in racking position, with the lead ball's hole directly over the center of the {{gli|foot spot}}. The balls are then placed onto the template and arranged to settle into their holes, forming a tight rack. Unlike with a training template, the balls are not tapped to create divots, and instead the template is left in place until after the break shot at which time it can be removed (unless balls are still sitting on top of it). Manufacturers such as Magic Ball Rack insist that racking templates are designed "to affect the balls to a minimum",<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010"/> and while pro player [[Mika Immonen]] has endorsed that particular brand as a retail product,<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010"/> {{as of|lc=y|2010|09|post=,}} no professional tours nor amateur {{gli|league|leagues}} have adopted that or any other racking template. Although Magic Ball Rack implies development work since 2006,<ref name="MagicBallRack 2010"/> other evidence suggests invention, by Magic Ball Rack's founder, in mid-2009, with product announcement taking place in September of that year.<ref name="troyroy78 2009" />''See also {{gli|pocket template}}.''}}

{{Term|term= rail |content=rail {{anchor|cushions|cushion rail|cushion rails}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also (uncommonly) '''cushion rail'''.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}}
The sides of a table's frame upon which the elastic {{gli|cushions|cushion}} are mounted and in which the {{gli|diamond|diamonds}} ({{gli|sight|sights}}) are inlaid (on tables which possess them). The term often used interchangeably with {{gli|cushion}}.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| rake }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|mechanical bridge}};'' so-called because of its typical shape. }}

{{Term| rat in }}
{{Defn|1= To pocket a ball by luck; "he ratted in the 9 ball"; usually employed disapprovingly. ''See also {{gli|slop}}.'' }}

{{Term| rebound angle }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|angle of reflection}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= red ball |content=red ball {{anchor|red balls|red|reds|the reds|reds, the|redball|redballs|the red|red, the}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''red(s)''', '''the red(s)'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;In [[snooker]], any of the 15 balls worth one point each that can be potted in any order. During the course of a {{gli|break}} a player must first {{gli|pot}} a red followed by a {{gli|colour ball|colour}}, and then a red and colour, etc., until the reds run out and then the {{gli|re-spot|re-spotted}} six colours must be cleared in their order. Potting more than one red in a single shot is not a foul – the player simply gets a point for each red potted. Red balls are never numbered "1" on their surface, even in (primarily American) sets in which the {{gli|colour ball|colours}} are numbered with their values. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], one of two {{gli|group|groups}} of seven {{gli|object ball|object balls}} that must be potted before the {{gli|black ball|black}}. Reds are spotted before yellows, if balls from both group must be spotted at the same time. ''Compare {{gli|stripes}}; contrast {{gli|yellow ball}}''.<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In [[carom billiards]], the {{gli|object ball}} that is neither player's {{gli|cue ball}}. }}

{{Term| referee }}
{{Defn|1= The person in charge of the game whose primary role is to ensure adherence by both players to the appropriate rules of the game being played. Other duties of the referee include {{gli|rack|racking}} each frame, re-spotting balls during the course of a game, maintaining the equipment associated with the table (e.g. keeping the balls clean), controlling the crowd and, if necessary, controlling the players. Formerly sometimes referred to as the {{gli|umpire}}. }}

{{Term|term= re-rack |content=re-rack {{anchor|rerack|re-rack|rerack|re-racked|reracked|re-racking|reracking}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''rerack'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;In [[snooker]], the abandonment of a {{gli|frame}} upon agreement between the players, so that the balls can be set up again and the frame restarted with no change to the score since the last completed frame. This is the result of situations, such as trading of {{gli|containing safety|containing safeties}}, where there is no foreseeable change to the pattern of shots being played, so the frame could go on indefinitely. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In [[pool (cue sports)|pool]], placing of the {{gli|object ball|object balls}} back in the rack, after a {{gli|foul}} {{gli|break}}. }}

{{Term|term= re-spot |content=re-spot {{anchor|respot|re-respot|respots|re-spotted|respotted|re-spotting|respotting}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''respot'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;''Same as {{gli|re-spotted black}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{gli|spot (verb)}}, sense 1 (pool) and sense 2 (snooker).'' }}

{{Term|term= re-spotted black |content=re-spotted black {{anchor|respotted black|re-spot the black|respot the black|re-spotting the black|respotting the black}}}}
{{Defn|1= In [[snooker]], a situation where the scores are tied after all the balls have been {{gli|pot|potted}}, and the {{gli|black ball}} is {{gli|spot (verb)|re-spotted}} and the first player to pot it wins. The players toss for the first shot, which must be taken with the {{gli|cue ball}} in {{gli|the D|the D}}. A {{gli|safety shot|safety}} battle typically ensues, until an error allows a player to pot the black, or a {{gli|fluke}} or a difficult pot is made. }}

{{Term|term= rest |content=rest {{anchor|rests|rest stick|rest sticks}}}}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Rests for cue sports.png|thumb|right|swan, spider and cross]]
A chiefly British term for a set of {{gli|mechanical bridge|mechanical bridges}}. British-style rests differ from most American-style {{gli|rake}} bridges in shape, and take several forms: the {{gli|cross}}, the {{gli|spider}} and the {{gli|swan}} (or {{gli|goose neck}}), as well as the rarer and often unsanctioned {{gli|hook rest|hook}}. When used unqualified, the word usually refers to the cross. Rests are used in [[snooker]], [[English billiards]], and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]].<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}

{{Term| reverse english }}
{{Defn|1= {{gli|Side spin}} on the {{gli|cue ball}} that causes it to unnaturally roll off a {{gli|cushion}} (contacted at an angle) ''against'' rather than ''with'' the ball's momentum and direction of travel. If angling into a cushion that is on the right, then reverse {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} would be right {{Not a typo|english}}, and vice versa. The angle of deflection will be steeper (narrower) than if no {{Not a typo|english}} were applied. The opposite of {{gli|running english|running {{Not a typo|english}}}}, which has effects other than simply the opposites of those of reverse {{Not a typo|english}}. }}

{{Term| right }}
{{Defn|1= ''Short for right {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} ({{gli|side}})'', i.e. {{gli|side spin}} imparted to the {{gli|cue ball}} by {{gli|stroke|stroking}} it to the right-hand side of its vertical axis. ''Contrast {{gli|left}}.'' }}

{{Term| ring game }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A style of game play in which as many players are allowed to join as the participants choose, and anyone can quit at any time.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|204}}  The term, most often used in the context of gambling, is [[Cash game|borrowed from poker]]. The folk games [[three-ball]] and [[Killer (pool)|killer]] are usually played as open ring games, as is [[Kelly pool]]. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=By extension, a multi-player game that anyone may initially join, but which has a fixed roster of competitors once it begins, is sometimes also called a ring game. [[Cutthroat (pool)|Cutthroat]] is, by its nature, such a game. A famous regular ring game event of this sort is the six-player, US$3000-buy-in ring [[ten-ball]] competition at the annual [[Derby City Classic]].<ref name="AZB4986">{{cite web |url=http://www.azbilliards.com/2000storya.cfm?storynum=4986 |title=Van Boening Wins 10-Ball Ring Game |work=AZBilliards.com |date=January 5, 2008 |publisher=op. cit |pages="Independent Event" section |accessdate=May 24, 2008 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080107153354/http://www.azbilliards.com/2000storya.cfm?storynum=4986 |archivedate=January 7, 2008 }}</ref>}}
{{Defn|no=3|1=A [[nine-ball]] ring game is played by more than two players and has special rules. Typically, the players choose a random method for setting the order of play, with the winner breaking. Safeties are not allowed and there are two or more {{gli|money ball|money balls}} – usually the five and nine.{{Citation needed|date=September 2008|reason=When sourced, this should be added to [[Nine-ball]] as a game variant, as requested at the article's talk page.}} }}

{{Term|term= road map |content=road map {{anchor|roadmap|road-map}}}}
{{Defn|1= A pool table spread in which the balls are extremely easily positioned for a run out, and where little movement of the cue ball on each shot is necessary to obtain position on the next.<ref>[[MSG Plus]] broadcast of day 3 of the 2008 [[Mosconi Cup]]. [[Mika Immonen]] vs. [[Rodney Morris]]. In-context commentary by pool pro [[Jerry Forsyth]] on rack 4: "What a beautiful layout for Immonen. He could not have asked for a better pattern to play. The first five balls are all down at the same end of the table; he doesn't need to make the cue ball do a lot of work; this is a road map". Rebroadcast on April 5, 2009</ref> }}

{{Term| road player }}
{{Defn|1= A highly skilled [[Hustling|hustler]] making money gambling while traveling.<ref name="Brandt"/> Fast Eddie Felson in ''[[The Hustler (novel)|The Hustler]]'' was a road player. One of the most notorious real-life road players is [[Keith McCready]]. }}

{{Term|term= rob |content=rob {{anchor|robbery|robbed|got robbed|been robbed|was robbed|were robbed|robbed, to be|rob, to|to rob}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1= (Transitive, "to rob") Playing an opponent for money who has a very low chance of winning based on disparity of skill levels. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1= (Intransitive, "to be robbed") Usually unwittingly playing an opponent for money who has a very high chance of winning based on disparity of skill levels. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1= (Intransitive, "to be robbed") Used humorously in exclamations when a shot that looks like it would work did not, as in "Oh! You got robbed on that one!" }}

{{Term| rock }}
{{Defn|1= Colloquial term for an unusually hard, heavy {{gli|cue ball}} made of [[ceramic]] instead of the [[phenolic resin]] or other modern, resilient plastics most [[billiard balls]] are made of. "Rock" cue balls are frequently found on older coin-operated {{gli|bar table|bar tables}} that do not have magnetic {{gli|ball return|ball-return}} mechanisms. As with oversized "{{gli|grapefruit}}" cue balls, the ball return works because the cue ball is considerably heavier than, and thereby distinguishable from, the {{gli|object ball|object balls}}. Because of their brittle material, rocks wear out faster that normal cue balls, are prone to chippings, and due to their density also shorten the lifespan of the object balls and the cloth. Their weight has a strong effect on play, as they are difficult to {{gli|draw}} ({{gli|screw}}), {{gli|stop shot|stop}} and {{gli|stun}}, and generate a large amount of {{gli|smash-through}}, compared to standard and {{gli|magnetic cue ball|magnetic cue balls}}, but do not reduce {{gli|cut|cut shot}} accuracy like grapefruit balls. }}

{{Term| rocking cannon }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' ''Same as {{gli|chuck nurse}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= roll |content=roll {{anchor|good roll|bad roll|rolls|good rolls|bad rolls}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Describes lucky or unlucky "rolls" of the cue ball; "I had good rolls all night; "that was a bad roll."<ref>[[ESPN Classic]] broadcast of 1995 Gordon's 9-Ball Championship (August 10, 2007), first semi-final. ([[Jeanette Lee (pool player)|Jeanette Lee]] (quoted) vs. [[Vivian Villarreal]]). In-context commentary by pool pro Vicki Paski on rack six: "there's good rolls and bad rolls..."</ref> However, when said without an adjective ascribing good or bad characteristics to it, "roll" usually refers to a positive outcome such as in "he sure got a roll".<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=The roll: ''same as the {{gli|lag}}''.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}

{{Term| roll-up }}
{{Defn|1= A gentle tap of the {{gli|cue ball}} with the intention of getting it as tight as possible behind an {{gli|object ball}}, in the hope of a {{gli|snooker}}. It is most common in the game of [[snooker]], and is often results in a {{gli|foul}} in many pool games, in which on every shot, after the cue ball has contacted a legal object ball (a {{gli|ball-on}}, then either any ball must contact a {{gli|cushion}} or any object ball must be {{gli|pocket|pocketed}} ({{gli|pot|potted}}). A roll-up can be legal in such games when the object ball used for the tactic is very close to a cushion, so that either it or the cue ball lightly touch the cushion after ball-on-ball contact.<!--It's often called a "pussy safety" in Am. Eng., but that might not be encyclopedic. Not because it's vulgar, it just might be hard to source.--> }}

{{Term| roquet }}
<dd>A term in [[croquet]] and ither forms of [[ground billiards]] for a {{gli|carom}}, sense 3: hitting an {{gli|object ball}} with {{gli|cue ball|one's own ball}}; oreeginally spelled the French wey, {{lang|fr|roquêt}} intae the late 19t century. In croquet, unlik seemilar games, this triggers a special situation, the ''croquet stroke'': the shooter mey tak {{gli|ball in hand}}, placin thair ain ball against the opponent's ball that wis struck, sae that the balls are {{gli|frozen}}, then step on the player's ain ball tae keep it place or slow its movement, an strike it, sending maist or all o the energy o the hit intae the opponent ball, drivin it far away, while leaving the player's ain ball in place or rolling slowly tae a desired location.<ref name="EWuE-Croquet">{{cite book |title=Enquire Within upon Everything |editor-first=Robert Kemp |editor-last=Philp |editor-link=Robert Kemp Philp |chapter=2324. Terms Used in the Game |date=1872 |edition=44th |page=[https://archive.org/details/b21539431/page/332 332] |location=London |publisher=Houlston and Sons |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url= https://archive.org/details/b21539431 |url-status=live |access-date=8 March 2019}}</ref></dd>

{{Term| rotation }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Descriptive of any game in which the {{gli|object ball|object balls}} must be struck in numerical order. Billiard researcher Mike Shamos observes that it would be more intuitive to call such games "'series' or 'sequence'". The term actually derives from the set-up of the game [[Chicago (pool)|Chicago]], in which the balls are not racked, but placed numerically around the table along the {{gli|cushion|cushions}} (and must be shot in ascending order).<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|51, 205}}  Other common rotation games include [[rotation (pool)|pool]], [[nine-ball]], [[seven-ball]], [[ten-ball]] }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=The specific [[pool (cue sports)|pool]] game of [[Rotation (pool)|rotation]]. }}

{{Term| round }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A multi-{{gli|game}} division of a {{gli|match}}, as used in some league and tournament formats. For example, in a match between 2 teams of 5 players each, a 25-game match might be divided into 5 rounds of 5 games each, in which the roster of one team moves one line down at the beginning of each round, such that by the end of the match every player on team A has played every player on team B in {{gli|round robin}} fashion. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A level of competition elimination in a tournament, such as the quarter-final round, semi-final round and final round. }}

{{Term| round robin }}
{{Defn|1= A tournament format in which each contestant plays each of the other contestants at least once.<ref name="BCA"/>  In typical {{gli|league}} team play, round robin format means that each member of the home team plays each member of the visiting team once. This format is used by [[BCA Pool League|BCAPL]], [[Valley National 8-Ball League Association|VNEA]] and many other leagues. ''Contrast {{gli|one-on-one}}.'' }}

{{Term| round the angles }}
{{Defn|1= Describing a shot which requires one or more balls to be played off several {{gli|cushion|cushions}}, such as an elaborate {{gli|escape}} or a {{gli|position|positional}} shot; "he'll have to send the cue ball round the angles to get good position." }}

{{Term| rubber match }}
{{Defn|1= The deciding match between two tied opponents. ''Compare {{gli|hill-hill}}.'' }}

{{Term| ruckus }}
{{Defn|1= A British term (especially in [[snooker]]) for the {{gli|split|splitting}} of a group of balls when another ball is sent into them, typically with the intent of deliberately moving them with the {{gli|cue ball}} to {{gli|develop}} them. }}

{{Term| run }}
{{Defn|1= The number of balls {{gli|pocket|pocketed}} in an {{gli|inning}} in [[pool (cue sports)|pool]]  (e.g., a run of five balls), or points scored in a row in [[carom billiards]]  (e.g., a run of five points).<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|244}}<ref name="BCA"/>  ''Compare British {{gli|break}} (sense 2), which is applied to pool as well as [[snooker]] in British English.'' }}

{{Term| run out }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=(verb) Make all of the required shots in a game without the opponent ever getting to the table or getting back to the table }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=(noun) ''usually '''run-out''', sometimes '''runout''''') An instance of running out in a game. }}

{{Term| run the table }}
{{Defn|1= Similar to {{gli|run out}} (sense 1), but more specific to making all required shots from the ''start'' of a rack. ''See also {{gli|break and run}}, {{gli|break and dish}}.'' }}

{{Term| running english }}
{{Defn|1= {{gli|Side spin}} on the {{gli|cue ball}} that causes it to roll off a {{gli|cushion}} (contacted at an angle) ''with'' rather than ''against'' the ball's natural momentum and direction of travel.<ref name="Brandt"/> If angling into a rail that is on the right, then running {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} would be left {{Not a typo|english}}, and vice versa. The angle of deflection will be wider than if no {{Not a typo|english}} were applied to the cue ball. But more importantly, because the ball is rolling instead of sliding against the rail, the angle will be more ''consistent''. For this reason, running English is routinely used. Also called ''running {{gli|side}}'' in British terminology. ''Contrast {{gli|reverse english|reverse {{Not a typo|english}}}}.'' }}

{{Glossary end}}

==S==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| safe }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Describing a ball that is in a position that makes it very difficult to {{gli|pot}}. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Describing a situation a player has been left in by the opponent, intentionally or otherwise, that makes it difficult to pot any {{gli|ball-on|balls-on}}. ''See also {{gli|snooker}}''. }}

{{Term| safety }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=An intentional defensive shot, the most common goal of which is to leave the opponent either no plausible shot at all, or at least a difficult one. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A shot that is called aloud as part of a game's rules; once invoked, a safety usually allows the player to pocket his or her own object ball without having to shoot again, for strategic purposes. In games such as [[seven-ball]], in which any shot that does not result in a pocketed ball is a foul under some rules, a called safety allows the player to miss without a foul resulting. A well-played safety may result in a {{gli|snooker}}. }}

{{Term| safety break }}
{{Defn|1= A {{gli|break|break shot}} in which the object is to leave the incoming player with no shot or a very difficult shot, such as is normally employed in the opening break of [[straight pool]].<ref name="TIEOB"/> ''Cf. {{gli|open break}}.'' }}

{{Term| sandbag }}
{{Defn|1= To disguise the level of one's ability to play in various ways such as using a {{gli|lemonade stroke}}; intentionally missing shots; making an uneven game appear "close"; purposefully losing early, inconsequential games. Sandbagging is a form of {{gli|hustle|hustling}}, and in {{gli|handicapping|handicapped}} leagues, considered a form of cheating, as it is used to obtain a low handicap so that a skilled player can later use this rating to improper advantage in more important competitions. This was practised in the [[Badminton at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's doubles|2012 Olympics]] by badminton players, resulting in several disqualifications of East Asian players.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/badminton/9443922/Badminton-pairs-expelled-from-London-2012-Olympics-after-match-fixing-scandal.html]</ref> The term "sandbag" is often applied to other rated tournaments, including [[chess]] and [[Scrabble]]. ''See also {{gli|dump}} and {{gli|on the lemonade}}.'' }}

{{Term| saver }}
{{Defn|1= Same as {{gli|gapper}}<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term|term= scotch doubles |content=scotch doubles {{anchor|Scotch doubles|scotch-doubles|Scotch-doubles|scotch double|Scotch double}}}}
{{Defn|1= A form of {{gli|doubles}} play in which the two team members take turns, playing alternating shots during an {{gli|inning}} (i.e. each team's inning consists of two players' alternating {{gli|visit|visits}}, each of one shot only, until that team's inning ends, and the next team begins their alternating-shot turn.)  Effective scotch doubles play requires close communication between team partners, especially as to desired cue ball position for the incoming player. Like "{{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}}", "scotch" is usually not capitalized in this context. The term is also used in [[ten-pin bowling|bowling]], and may have originated there. }}

{{Term|term= score |content=score {{anchor|scores|scoring}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1= Verb: To earn one or more {{gli|point|points}} with one or more shots in an {{gli|inning}}, e.g. "scored 2 that round". }}
{{Defn|no=2|1= Noun: The tally of a player's points, earned by shots and (in some games) awarded by opponent {{gli|foul|fouls}}, e.g. "had a score of 12 that game". }}
{{Defn|no=3|1= Noun: The compared total of both (or in games with three or more participants, all) player's/team's points, e.g. "won by a score of 12 to 6". }}

[[File:PHWC 2017 Finalists.jpg|thumb|2017 Paul Hunter Women's Classic Finalists Reanne Evans and Ng On-yee pose in front o the scoreboard.]]
{{Term|term= scoreboard |content=scoreboard {{anchor|score-board|score board|scoreboards|score-boards|score boards}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''score-board''', '''score board'''.''
A usually wall-mounted device for keeping {{gli|score}} between two or more players in {{gli|point}}-based games or in {{gli|race|races}}. The most common type, mostly used for [[snooker]] and [[straight pool]], consists of two or more pointers sliding on board-mounted rails to indicate 1s and 10s marked on the board. Some [[carom billiards]] clubs provide digital scoreboards for each table. Other scoring methods include wall-mounted {{gli|scoring rack|scoring racks}}, in-rail {{gli|scoring wheels}}, and over-table {{gli|scoring string|scoring strings}}. }}

{{Term|term= scorekeeper |content=scorekeeper {{anchor|score-keeper|score keeper|scorekeepers|score-keepers|score keepers}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''score-keeper''', '''score keeper'''.''
Person who keeps score for others while they play. A designated scorekeeper is common in league play (often the team captain, or a player who is simply not playing at that moment) and in professional tournaments. A scorekeeper may also be used in high-stakes {{gli|money game|money games}}, as depicted in the film ''[[The Hustler (film)|The Hustler]]''. }}

{{Term|term= scorer |content=scorer {{anchor|scorers}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1= ''Same as {{gli|scorekeeper}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1= A scoring device, i.e. a {{gli|scoreboard}}, {{gli|scoring rack}}, {{gli|scoring string}}, and/or set of {{gli|scoring wheels}}. }}

{{Term|term= scoring rack |content=scoring rack {{anchor|score rack|scoring racks|score racks|scoring-rack|score-rack|scorerack}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''score rack'''.''
A wall-mounted, usually wooden rack with several numbered shelves to hold each player's pocketed balls, used for keeping {{gli|score}} between players of games in which points are awarded by the numerical values on the balls. Scoring racks remain common in places where [[Rotation (pool)|rotation]] and related games are popular, e.g. Mexico, but are rare where these games have mostly died out. Also known as a {{gli|counter rack}}. Sometimes ambiguously called a {{gli|wall rack}} or {{gli|ball rack}}. }}

{{Term|term= scoring string |content=scoring string {{anchor|score string|scoring strings|score strings|score-string|scoring-string|scorestring}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''score string''' or (ambiguously) '''string'''.''
''Same as {{gli|wire}}, sense 1.'' }}

{{Term|term= scoring wheels |content=scoring wheels {{anchor|scoring wheel|score wheels|score wheel|scoring-wheels|score-wheels|scorewheels|scorewheel|score-wheels|scoring-wheels}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''score wheels'''.''
Rotating wheels, numbered 0–9 not unlike a multi-dial [[combination lock]], mounted into a {{gli|rail}} of the [[Billiard table]], and used for keeping {{gli|score}} between two or more players in {{gli|point}}-based games or in {{gli|race|races}}. They are typically a pair of wheels, representing 10s and 1s, for at least two players. Such wheels are sometimes also used to create wall-mounted {{gli|scoreboard|scoreboards}}. }}

{{Term|term= scratch |content=scratch {{anchor|scratches|scratched|scratching}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{gli|pocket|Pocketing}} of the {{gli|cue ball}}, in [[pool (cue sports)|pool]] games. In most games, a scratch is a type of {{gli|foul}}.<ref name="BCA"/> "Scratch" (also known as "sewering the cue ball") is sometimes used less precisely to refer to all types of fouls. ''See, more generally, {{gli|foul}}.'' }}

{{Term| screw }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|draw}}'' (chiefly British). }}

{{Term| scuffer }}
{{Defn|1= An abrasive {{gli|tip tool}} used as a grinder to roughen the {{gli|cue tip}} to better hold {{gli|chalk}} after it has become hardened and smooth from repeated impacts with the {{gli|cue ball}}. {{gli|tapper|Tappers}} serve the same purpose, but are used differently. Similar to a {{gli|shaper}}, but shallower and less rough.}}

{{Term| see }}
{{Defn|1= To be able to clearly see a path to a pocket or object ball without any other obstacle interfering, usually as a straight shot: "The 3-Ball is hanging in the pocket, but I can't see it because the 9 ball is in my way." }}

{{Term| seeding }}
{{Defn|1= The placement of player(s) automatically in a tournament where some have to qualify, or automatic placement in later rounds.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| sell out }}
{{Defn|1= To bungle a shot in a manner that leaves the table in a fortuitous position for the opponent.<ref name="MosconiCup"/> ''Contrast {{gli|sell the farm}}''. }}

{{Term| sell the farm }}
{{Defn|1= To bungle a shot in a manner that leaves the table in such a fortuitous position for the opponent that there is a strong likelihood of losing the game or match.<ref name="Brandt"/> ''Contrast {{gli|sell out}}''. }}

{{Term|term= semi-massé |content=semi-{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}} {{anchor|semimassé|semi-massé shot|semimassé shot|semi-masse|semimasse|semi-masse shot|semimasse shot|semi-masse'}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Main article: {{section link|Cue sports techniques#Semi-massé}}}} ''Also '''semi-{{lang|fr|massé}} shot'''.'' A moderate curve imparted to the path of the {{gli|cue ball}} by an elevated hit with use of {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} ({{gli|side}}); or a shot using this technique. Also known as a {{gli|curve shot|curve}} (US) or {{gli|swerve shot|swerve}} (UK) shot. ''Compare {{gli|massé|{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}.'' }}

{{Term| session }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Principally US:'' One or more {{gli|set|sets}}, usually in the context of gambling. ''See also {{gli|ahead race}} (a.k.a. ahead session) for a more specialized usage.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Principally British:'' Any of a group of pre-determined {{gli|frame|frames}} played in a {{gli|match}} too long to be completed within a single day's play. A best of 19 frame match, for example, is generally played with two "sessions", the first composed of nine frames, the second of ten. This term is generally used only in the context of professional [[snooker]], as matches at the amateur level are rarely played over more than nine frames. Longer matches can be split into three or four sessions. }}

{{Term| session to spare }}
{{Defn|1= ''Principally British:'' In [[snooker]], if a player wins a {{gli|match}} without the need for the final session to be played (for example, if a player wins a best-of-25-{{gli|frame|frames}} match split into three {{gli|session|sessions}} – two sessions of eight frames and one of nine – by a margin of say, 13 frames to 3), then they are said to have won the match "with a session to spare". }}

{{Term| set }}
{{Defn|1= A predetermined number of games, usually played for a specified sum of money. ''Contrast {{gli|race}} (a predetermined number of wins).''  Informally, '''sets''' may refer to gambling more generally, as in "I've been playing sets all day", even when the format is actually races or single games. }}

{{Term|term= set up |content=set up {{anchor|set-up|setup|set ups|set-ups|setups|sets up}}}}
{{Defn|1=
<!--WARNING! If order is changed, cross references here and elsewhere to specific definitions will need to be edited! I.e., DON'T CHANGE THE ORDER unless you have way too much time on your hands.-->
{{ghat|Usually '''set-up''' in non-verb form, sometimes '''setup''' in noun form particularly.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;(Of a player or referee) to place the balls (and other items, if applicable, such as {{gli|skittle|skittles}}) properly for the beginning of a game: "In eight-ball, properly setting up requires that the rear corners of the rack not have two stripes or two solids but one of each." For most games this is in a {{gli|rack|racked}} pattern, but the term is applicable more broadly than "rack", e.g. in [[carom billiards]] and in games like [[bottle pool]]. ''Contrast {{gli|layout}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=(Of the game equipment) arranged properly for the beginning of a game: "set up and waiting for the break", "an improper set-up" }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=(Of a player, passively and specifically) to have good {{gli|shape}} – to be in a favorable position for making a shot or other desired play ("is set-up on the 9", "could be set-up for the corner-pocket after this shot") }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=(Of a player, passively, generally, and chiefly US) to be in a favorable position for, and with a {{gli|layout}} conductive to, a long {{gli|run}} (UK: {{gli|break}}) or complete {{gli|run out|run-out}}: "a crucial miss that left his opponent really set-up"; ''compare (chiefly British) "{{gli|in the balls}}"'' }}
{{Defn|no=5|1=(Of a player, actively) to use {{gli|position play}} to move one or more specific balls to specific locations with a specific goal in mind, usually {{gli|pocket|pocketing}} ({{gli|pot|potting}}) a specific ball or getting an easy {{gli|out}}, but possibly a {{gli|safe|safety}}, {{gli|nurse}} or {{gli|trap shot}}; in short, to get {{gli|shape}}: "She set up on the 9-ball with a careful draw shot."  The meaning can be inverted to indicate poor play on the part of the other player: "Oops, I just set you up for an easy win when I missed like that." }}
{{Defn|no=6|1=(Of a table {{gli|layout}}) comparatively easy to completely {{gli|run out}}, e.g. because of a lack of {{gli|cluster|clusters}} or {{gli|blocking ball|blocking balls}}: "looks like a nice set-up for a quick out", "this table's totally set up for you" }}
{{Defn|no=7|1=(Of {{gli|cue ball}} position more specifically): having good {{gli|shape}} – comparatively easy to use to some advantage, such as continuing a {{gli|run}} (UK: {{gli|break}}) or playing {{gli|safe}}: "The cue ball's set up for an easy side pocket shot." }}
{{Defn|no=8|1=(Of a shot or strategy) the result of {{gli|position play}} (careful or reckless): "Playing the 6 off the 8 was a great set-up to win", "That follow shot was a terrible set-up for the 6-ball." }}
{{Defn|no=9|1=(Of a [[Hustling|hustler]]) to successfully convince a {{gli|fish}} that one is not a very skilled player and that gambling on a game will be a good idea: "That guy totally set me up and took me for $200."  Such a hustle is a ''setup'' or ''set-up''. }}

{{Term| sewer }}
{{Defn|1= A {{gli|pocket}}; usually used in disgust when describing a {{gli|scratch}} (e.g., "the cue ball's gone down the sewer"). }}

{{Term| shaft }}
{{Defn|1= The upper portion of a {{gli|cue}} which slides on a player's {{gli|bridge hand}} and upon which the {{gli|cue tip|tip}} of the cue is mounted at its terminus.<ref name="BCA"/> It also applies to the main, unsegmented body of a {{gli|mechanical bridge}}. }}

{{Term| shape }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|position}}.'' "She got good shape for the next shot". ''See also {{gli|position play}}, {{gli|leave}}.'' }}

{{Term| shaper }}
{{Defn|1= A highly abrasive {{gli|tip tool}} used to shape an unreasonably flat new {{gli|cue tip}}, or misshapen old one, into a more usable, consistently curved profile, most commonly the curvature of a nickel or dime (or equivalently sized non-US/Canadian coin) for larger and smaller pool tips, respectively. Similar to a {{gli|scuffer}}, but deeper and rougher. }}

{{Term|term= shark |content=shark {{anchor|sharks|pool shark|pool sharks|poolshark|poolsharks|sharp|sharps|pool sharp|pool sharps|poolsharp}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''pool shark''', '''poolshark''' (US); '''sharp''', '''pool sharp''' (British)}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Verb: To perform some act or make some utterance with the intent to distract, irritate or intimidate the opponent so that they do not perform well, miss a shot, etc.<ref name="Brandt"/> Most league and tournament rules forbid blatant sharking, as a form of unsportsmanlike conduct, but it is very common in {{gli|bar pool}}. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Noun: Another term for [[Hustling|hustler]].<ref name="Brandt"/> }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=Noun: A very good player. This usage is common among non-players who often intend it as a compliment and are not aware of its derogatory senses (above).<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| sharp }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' ''Same as {{gli|shark}} (senses 1, 2).'' The term appears in lyrics from ''[[The Mikado]]'' (1884) in relation to billiards, and developed from ''sharper'' (in use by at least 1681, but now obsolete) meaning "[[Hustling|hustler]]" but not specific to billiards.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|207–8}}  ''See also [[card sharp]] for more etymological details and sources.'' }}

{{Term| short rack }}
{{Defn|1= Any game which uses a rack composed of less than 15 balls.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| short rail }}
{{Defn|1= Either of the two shorter {{gli|rail|rails}} on a standard [[Billiard table|pool, billiards or snooker table]]. ''Contrast {{gli|side rail}}/{{gli|long rail}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= shortstop |content=shortstop {{anchor|short stop|short-stop|short stops|short-stops|shortstops}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''short stop''', '''short-stop'''.''
A second-tier professional who is not (yet) ready for World Championship competition.<ref name="BDECrack"/><ref name="NYTChicago">{{cite journal
|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9F03E2DC1638E433A25755C1A9679C94699ED7CF |title=Chicago Billiards Tourney
|author=<!--staff writers, no by-line-->
|journal=[[New York Times]]
|date=1898-01-16
|page=4
|publisher=[[New York Times Company]]
|location=[[New York, NY]]
|accessdate=2008-08-15<!--The page at the URL says Jan. 16, but the article itself states Jan. 15.-->
}}</ref> It can also be applied by extension to a player who is one of the best in a region but not quite good enough to consistently beat serious {{gli|road player|road players}} and tournament pros. The term was [[Shortstop|borrowed from baseball]]. }}

{{Term| shot }}
{{Defn|1= ''Verb form: '''to shoot'''.''
The use of the [[Cue stick|cue]] to perform or attempt to perform a particular motion of balls on the table, such as to {{gli|pocket}} ({{gli|pot}}) an {{gli|object ball}}, to achieve a successful {{gli|carom}} ({{gli|cannon}}), or to play a {{gli|safety}}. }}

{{Term|term= shot for nothing |content=shot for nothing {{anchor|shot to nothing|shot-for-nothing|shot-to-nothing}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''shot to nothing'''.'' A predominantly British term for a shot in which a player attempts a difficult {{gli|pot}} but with {{gli|safety}} in mind, so that in the event of missing the pot it is likely that the opponent will not make a meaningful contribution, and will probably have to reply with a safety. The meaning refers to lack of risk, i.e. at no cost to the player ("for nothing" or coming "to nothing"). ''Compare {{gli|two-way shot}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= shot program |content=shot program {{anchor|shot programs|shot programme|shot programmes|shot-program|shot-programme|shotprogram|shotprogamme}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also (chiefly British) '''shot programme'''.''
The enumerated [[trick shot]]s that must be performed in the fields of [[artistic billiards]] (70 pre-determined shots) and [[artistic pool]] (56 tricks in 8 "{{gli|discipline|disciplines}}").<ref name="APTSA Rules">{{cite web |url= http://www.thecuestick.com/artistic_pool_trick_shots/aptsa_rules.html |title=APTSA Rules |work=TrickShotProductions.com |publisher=[[Artistic Pool & Trick Shot Association]] |location=Watertown, Massachusetts |date=2008 |access-date=August 27, 2008}}</ref> }}

{{Term| side }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' ''Short for {{gli|side spin}}.''  In Canadian usage, the term is sometimes used as a verb, "{{lang|en-CA|to side}}". }}

{{Term| side pocket }}
{{Defn|1= One of the two {{gli|pocket|pockets}} one either side of a pool table halfway up the {{gli|long rail|long rails}}. They are cut shallower than {{gli|corner pocket|corner pockets}} because they have a 180 degree aperture, instead of 90 degrees. In the UK the term {{gli|centre pocket}} or middle pocket are preferred. }}

{{Term| side rail }}
{{Defn|1= Either of the two longer {{gli|rail|rails}} of a billiards table, bisected by a {{gli|center pocket}} and bounded at both ends by a {{gli|corner pocket}}. Also called a long rail. }}

{{Term|term= side spin |content=side spin {{anchor|side-spin|sidespin|side spun|side-spun|sidespun}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''sidespin''', '''side-spin''', '''side'''.}}
{{gli|Spin}} placed on the {{gli|cue ball}} when hit with the [[Cue stick|cue]] {{gli|cue tip|tip}} to the left or right of the ball's center; usually called {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} in American usage. ''See {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}}, in its narrower definition, for details on the effects of side spin. See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= sight |content=sight {{anchor|sights}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British; same as {{gli|diamond}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= single-elimination |content=single-elimination {{anchor|singe elimination}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{Main|Single elimination tournament}}
''Also '''single elimination'''.''
A tournament format in which a player is out of the tournament after a single {{gli|match}} loss.<ref name="BCA"/>   ''Contrast {{gli|double-elimination}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= single table format}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''single table set-up'''.''
In the final stages of a tournament, primarily [[snooker]] events, where other tables are removed, to use one single table for the final, or later rounds of the tournament.
Some events, such as the [[Snooker Shoot-out]], are played throughout using a single table format.}}

{{Term| sink }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|pocket}} (sense 2).'' }}

{{Term| sink-in shot }}
{{Defn|1= Any shot that intentionally accounts for the elasticity of the cushions to allow a ball to bank past an otherwise blocking ball. The moving ball will ''sink in'' to the cushion very near the blocking ball giving it sufficient space to get past it or {{gli|kiss}} off the back side of it. }}

{{Term| sitter }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' ''Same as {{gli|duck}}'', and stemming from the same obvious etymology. }}

{{Term| skid }}
{{Defn|1= ''British:'' ''Same as {{gli|cling}}, and {{gli|kick}}, sense 2.''  Noun, verb and rare adjective usage as per "cling". }}

{{Term| skittle |content={{vanchor|skittle|skittles}}}}
{{Defn|1= An upright pin, which looks like a miniature [[Ten-pin bowling|bowling pin]], [[cone (geometry)|cone]] or [[obelisk]]. Skittles, as employed in billiards games, have been so-called since at least 1634.<ref name="TIEOB"/> One standardized size, for the largely Italian and South American game [[five-pins]], is 25&nbsp;mm (1 in.) tall, with 7&nbsp;mm (0.28 in.) round bases,<ref name="UMB-5P-II-12-2">[http://www.umb.org/Rules/Carom_Rules.pdf ''World Rules of 5-pin Billiard''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928000000/http://www.umb.org/Rules/Carom_Rules.pdf |date=September 28, 2007 }}, Chapter II ("Equipment"), Article 12 ("Balls, Pins, Chalk"), Section 2; [[Union Mondiale de Billard]], [[Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium]], 1997 (official online PDF scan, accessed 11 March 2007)</ref> though larger variants have long existed for other games such as [[Danish pin billiards]]. Depending upon the game there may be one skittle, or several, and they may be targets to hit (often via a {{gli|carom}}) or obstacles to avoid, usually the former. They are also sometimes called {{gli|pin|pins}}, though that term can be ambiguous. Because of the increasing international popularity of the [[Italy|Italian]] game [[five-pins]]), they are sometimes also known even in English by their Italian name, ''birilli'' (singular ''birillo''). Skittles are also used as obstacles in some [[artistic billiards]] shots. Flat, thin rectangular skittles, somewhat like large [[dominoes]], approximately 6&nbsp;in. tall by 3&nbsp;in. wide, and placed upright like an [[obelisk]]s on the table in specific spots, are used in the obsolescent and principally [[Australia]]n games [[devil's pool (billiards)|devil's pool]] and [[victory billiards]]. Depending upon the exact game being played, there may be one pin, or several of various colors (e.g. ten white and two black in devil's pool), and they may be targets or obstacles, most commonly the latter.<ref name="Aus. Rule Book">{{cite book |title=Rule Book: Snooker, Devil's Pool, Billiards, American Pool, Eight Ball, Fifteen Ball, Continuous and Rotation Pool |author=<!--Unspecified in book.--> |location=Fortitude Valley, Queensland |publisher=Webb & Sons |date=2007 |orig-year=c. 1950s |pages=6–7}} This appears to be a reprint of an older work, of unknown provenance, dating to the mid 20th century judging by its typeface and layout. It has also been reprinted, under a slightly different title, and again ca. 2007 by Australian gaming equipment dealer PowerPlay, but in an inferior pressing that makes parts of it illegible. The Webb edition was procured from NPC Amusements, 2008, Australia, and they may be the sole distributor, since the demise of PowerPlay.</ref> They are usually made of plastic, and are increasingly difficult to obtain, even from Australian billiards suppliers. A black obelisk skittle of this sort features prominently, as a particularly dire {{gli|hazard}}, in several scenes of [[Science fiction|sci-fi]]/pool film ''[[Hard Knuckle]]'' (1992, Australia).<ref name="Hard Knuckle">{{cite video |people=[[Gary Day (actor)|Day, Gary]] (writer, supporting actor); [[Lex Marinos|Marinos, Lex]] (director); [[Steve Bisley|Bisley, Steve]] (lead role) |date=1992 |title=Hard Knuckle |medium=[[VHS]] ([[NTSC]]) |url= https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0148256/ |publisher=[[Hemdale Film Corporation|Hemdale]] |location=[[London]] |access-date=February 1, 2008 |id={{UPC|732302715039}} |time=<!--Various pool-game scenes.-->}}</ref> Skittles as used in billiards games date to [[ground billiards]] (13th century or earlier) played with a {{gli|mace}}, and hand-thrown games of [[bowls]] from at least the same era using the same equipment. Ball games using a recognizable form of skittle are known from as early as ca. 3300 [[Common Era|BCE]] in [[Ancient Egypt]].<ref name="Stein & Rubino 2008">{{Stein & Rubino 2008}} Many illustrations are provided.</ref>{{Rp|3–44}} }}

{{Term| skunk }}
{{Defn|1= During a {{gli|set}} if the opponent does not win a single game, they are said to have been skunked.<!--AFAIK this term derives from cribbage, the card game, though I am not certain the definition here is broad enough; I have heard the term used in a pool context within a single game, very often in fact, and it meant to lose, and to have had at least one shot, but failed to sink any of one's own balls.--> }}

{{Term| slate }}
{{Defn|1= The heavy, finely milled rock ([[slate]]) that forms the {{gli|bed}} of the table, beneath the {{gli|cloth}}. Major slate suppliers for the billiards industry are Italy, Brazil and China. Some cheaper tables, and novelty tables designed for outdoor use, do not use genuine slate beds, but artificial materials such as Slatrol. }}

{{Term|term= slide |content=slide {{anchor|slides|sliding|slid|sliding ball}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also, '''sliding ball''' when used in [[gerund]] form.''
Describes a {{gli|cue bal|cue ball}} sliding on the {{gli|cloth}} without any {{gli|top spin}} or {{gli|back spin}} on it.<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| slip stroke }}
{{Defn|1= A stroking technique in which a player releases his gripping hand briefly and re-grasps the cue farther back on the {{gli|butt}} just before hitting the cue ball.<ref>{{cite book |first=Robert |last=Byrne |author-link=Robert Byrne (writer) |title=Advanced Techniques in Pool and Billiards |publisher=[[Harcourt Trade Publishers]] |location=San Diego, California |date=1990 |isbn=0-15-614971-0 |page=37 |oclc=20759553}}</ref> See [[Cowboy Jimmy Moore]]; a well known practitioner of the slip stroke. }}

{{Term| slop }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Also '''slop shot'''.'' A luck shot. ''Compare {{gli|fish}} and {{gli|fluke}}; contrast {{gli|mark}} (sense 3) and {{gli|call}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Also '''sloppy'''.'' Descriptive of any game where the rules have been varied to allow luck shots not normally allowed or where no {{gli|foul}} rules apply. }}

{{Term| slop pockets }}
{{Defn|1= Pocket openings that are significantly wider than are typical and thus allow shots hit with a poor degree of accuracy to be made that would not be pocketed on a table with more exacting pocket dimensions.<ref name="Cuetec"/> }}

{{Term| slow }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Describes a [[billiard table]] with loosely woven, dirty, too-new or worn-out {{gli|cloth}} ([[baize]]), upon which the balls move<!--"Move" is used here on purpose, as it applies to sliding as well as rolling action.--> slower and shorter distances.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} ''See {{gli|table speed}} for more information.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Producing dull, sluggish action; said of {{gli|cushion|cushions}} or of the balls, in addition to the above, cloth-related definition.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|96}} }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=Unusually rejecting of balls; said of [[Pocket (billiards)|pockets]]; ''see {{gli|pocket speed}} (sense 1) for more information''.
"{{gli|fast|Fast}}" is the direct opposite of "slow" in all of these usages. }}

{{Term|term= small |content=small {{anchor|smalls|small ones|small balls|the smalls|smalls, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''smalls''', '''small ones''', '''small balls'''.''
In [[eight-ball]], to be shooting the solid {{gli|suit}} ({{gli|group}}) of balls (1 through 7); "you're the small one" or "I've got the smalls". ''Compare {{gli|little}}, {{gli|solids}}, {{gli|red ball|reds}}, {{gli|low}}, {{gli|spot|spots}}, {{gli|dots}}, {{gli|unders}}; contrast {{gli|big}}.'' }}

{{Term| smash and pray}}
{{Defn|1=A variant of {{gli|hit and hope}}, but played with unnecessary force, in hopes that the undesirable ball layout on the table is sufficiently re-arranged by careening balls that something good will result for the shooter (even if it's simply a bad {{gli|leave}} for the incoming player).}}

{{Term| smash-through }}
{{Defn|1= The effect of shooting regulation-weight {{gli|object ball|object balls}} with an old-fashioned over-weight {{gli|bar table}} {{gli|cue ball}}, such that the cue ball moves forward to occupy (sometimes only temporarily), or go beyond, the original position of the object ball, even on a draw or stop shot, because the mass of the cue ball exceeds that of the object ball. Players who understand smash-through well can use it intentionally for position play, such as to nudge other object balls nearby the target ball. Smash-through also makes it dangerous in {{gli|bar pool}} (when equipped with such a cue ball) to pocket straight-on {{gli|duck|ducks}} with a {{gli|stop shot}} instead of by {{gli|cheat the pocket|cheating the pocket}} because of the likelihood of {{gli|scratch|scratching}} the cue ball.<ref name="RGivens"/> }}

{{Term| snap }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|break}}, sense 1.''<ref name="Brandt"/><ref name="tcom"/> ''See also {{gli|on the snap}}.''}}

{{Term|term= sneaky pete |content=sneaky pete {{anchor|sneaky Pete|sneaky petes|sneaky Petes|sneaky-pete|sneaky-Pete|sneakypete}}}}
{{Defn|1= A two-piece [[Cue stick|cue]] constructed to resemble a {{gli|house cue}}, with a near-invisible wood-to-wood {{gli|joint}}.<ref name="Idiot"/>{{Rp|79}} The subterfuge often enables a [[Hustling|hustler]] to temporarily fool unsuspecting {{gli|fish}} into thinking that he or she is an unskilled {{gli|banger}} with no regard for finesse or equipment quality. Many {{gli|league}} players also use cheap but solid sneaky petes as their {{gli|break}} cues. }}

{{Term| snick }}
{{Defn|1= A British term for a {{gli|pot}} that requires very fine contact between {{gli|cue ball}} and {{gli|object ball}}. ''See also {{gli|feather}}.'' }}

{{Term| snooker }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=(noun) The game of [[snooker]]. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=(verb) To leave the opponent (accidentally or by means of a {{gli|safety}}) so that a certain shot on a preferred {{gli|object ball}} cannot be played directly in a straight line by normal cueing. It most commonly means that the object ball cannot be hit, because it is hidden by another ball or, more rarely, the {{gli|knuckle}} of a {{gli|pocket}} (see {{gli|corner-hooked}}). It can also refer to the {{gli|potting angle}} or another significant point of contact on the object ball, blocking an otherwise more straightforward shot, even if an edge can be seen. A common related adjective describing a player in this situation is '''snookered'''. Also known as "{{gli|hook|to hook}}", for which the corresponding adjective "hooked" is also common. ''See also {{gli|free ball}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=(noun) An instance of this situation (e.g. "she's put him in a difficult snooker"). A player can choose a range of shots to get out of a snooker; usually a {{gli|kick shot}} will be implemented but {{gli|semi-massé|semi-{{lang|fr|massés|nocat=y}}}} are often preferred, and in games where it is not a {{gli|foul}}, {{gli|jump shot|jump shots}} may be employed that often yield good results for skilled players. "Snooker" is used loosely (when used at all; "hook" is favored) in the US, but has very specific definitions and subtypes (such as the {{gli|total snooker}}) in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]].<ref name="WEPFRules"/>  ''See also {{gli|safe}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= snooker spectacles |content=snooker spectacles {{anchor|snooker specs|snooker glasses}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''snooker specs''', '''snooker glasses'''.''
''Same as {{gli|billiards glasses}}.'' }}

{{Term| snookers required }}
{{Defn|1= A phrase used in [[snooker]] to describe the scenario whereby there are not enough available points on the table to level the scores for the {{gli|frame}}, therefore the trailing player needs his/her opponent to {{gli|foul}} in order to be able to make up the deficit. The name comes from the fact that this would normally have to be achieved by placing the leading player in foul-prone situations such as difficult {{gli|snooker|snookers}}. }}

{{Term| soft break }}
{{Defn|1= A {{gli|break shot}} in which the {{gli|rack}} ({{gli|pack}}) is disturbed as little as possible within the bounds of a {{gli|legal}} shot, in order to force the opponent to have to break it up further. A soft break is desirable in some games, such as [[straight pool]], in which breaking is a disadvantage; and forbidden by the {{gli|open break}} rules of other games such as [[nine-ball]] and [[eight-ball]]. }}

{{Term|term= solids |content=solids {{anchor|solid|solid ones|solid balls|the solids|solids, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''solid''', '''solid ones''', '''solid balls'''.''
The non-striped ball {{gli|suit}} ({{gli|group}}) of a fifteen ball set that are numbered 1 through 7 and have a solid color scheme (i.e., not including the 8 ball). As in, "I'm solid", or "you've got the solids". ''Compare {{gli|low|lows}}, {{gli|small|smalls}}, {{gli|little|littles}}, {{gli|red ball|reds}}, {{gli|the spots|spots}}, {{gli|dots}}, {{gli|unders}}; contrast {{gli|stripes}}.'' }}

{{Term| special average }}
{{Defn|1= Abr. = SA, term from carom billiards. The number indicates the relation between the points and innings (points ÷ innings = SA) a player has made in a single match. E. g. 40 points in 10 innings is a SA of 4.000. Higher numbers indicate better players. see also {{gli|general average}} }}

{{Term| speed }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A player's skill level (subjectively) or numerical {{gli|handicap}} (objectively).<ref name="Brandt"/><ref name="Beenie"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Rapidity with which a ball, especially the {{gli|cue ball}} is rolling on the table. ''See also {{gli|pocket speed}} (sense 2), {{gli|speed control}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Same as {{gli|pocket speed}} (sense 1)'' }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=''Same as {{gli|table speed}} ({{cuegloss|cloth speed}}).'' }}

{{Term| speed control }}
{{Defn|1= The use of the correct amount of {{gli|cue ball}} speed in {{gli|position play}} to achieve proper {{gli|shape}} for a subsequent shot.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|98, 102, 245}} }}

{{Term|term= spider |content=spider {{anchor|spiders|spider rest|spider-rest|the spider|spider, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Hilfsqueue the spider.png|thumb|right|200px|Spider rest]]
''Also '''spider rest'''.''
A type of {{gli|rest}}, similar to a common American-style {{gli|rake}} {{gli|mechanical bridge|bridge}} but with longer legs supporting the head so that the {{gli|cue}} is higher and can reach over and around an obstructing ball to reach the {{gli|cue ball}}. ''See also {{gli|swan}}.'' }}

{{Term| spin }}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Snooker effect.svg|thumb|left|200px|Basic {{gli|cue tip}} contact points on the {{gli|cue ball}} to impart various forms of '''spin'''. Top spin is also known as {{gli|follow|follow}}, side spin as {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}}, and bottom spin as {{gli|back spin}}, {{gli|draw}} or {{gli|screw}}.]]
Rotational motion applied to a ball, especially to the {{gli|cue ball}} by the {{gli|cue tip|tip}} of the [[Cue stick|cue]], although if the cue ball is itself rotating it will impart (opposite) spin (in a lesser amount) to a contacted {{gli|object ball}}. Types of spin include {{gli|top spin}}, {{gli|bottom spin|bottom}} or {{gli|back spin}} (also known as {{gli|draw}} or {{gli|screw}}), and left and right {{gli|side spin}}, all with widely differing and vital effects. Collectively they are often referred to in American English as "{{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}}". Its invention is credited to [[François Mingaud]]. ''See also {{gli|massé|{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}.''{{clear|left}} }}

{{Term|term= split |content=split {{anchor|splits|splitting}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Also '''split shot''' and '''split hit'''.''  In pool, a type of shot in which two {{gli|object ball|object balls}} are initially contacted by the {{gli|cue ball}} simultaneously or so close to simultaneously as for the difference to be indistinguishable to the eye.<ref name="BCA"/> In most sets of rules it is a {{gli|foul}} if the split is one in which one of the object balls is a (or the only) legal target ({{gli|ball-on}}) and the other is not; however, such a split is commonly considered a legal shot in informal {{gli|bar pool}} in many areas if it is {{gli|call|called}} as a split and does appear to strike the balls simultaneously). }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In [[pool (cue sports)|pool]], the degree to which {{gli|rack|racked}} balls move apart upon impact by the {{gli|cue ball}} as a result of a {{gli|break shot}}. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In [[snooker]], a shot sending the {{gli|cue ball}} into the {{gli|pack}} of {{gli|red ball|red balls}} and separating them (after {{gli|pot|potting}} the {{gli|ball-on}}). At least one split is usually necessary in each {{gli|frame}}, since the original triangle of reds does not allow any balls to be potted reliably. }}

{{Term|term= spot (noun) |content=spot (noun) {{anchor|spot|spots|the spot|spot, the}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=spot, a: In pool games such as [[nine-ball]], a specific {{gli|handicapping|handicap}} given (e.g., "what spot will you give me?"). }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=spot, a: In [[snooker]], any of the six designated points on the table on which a {{gli|colour ball}} is replaced after it has left the playing surface (usually after it has been {{gli|pot|potted}}). }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=spot, a: An (often unmarked) point on the table, at the intersection of two {{gli|string|strings}}. ''See {{gli|foot spot}}, {{gli|head spot}}, {{gli|center spot}} for examples.'' }}
{{Defn|no=4|1=spots: Alternate name for a table's {{gli|diamond|diamonds}} ({{gli|sight|sights}}).<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|245}} }}
{{Defn|no=5|1=spot, the{{anchor|Spot ball|spot ball|Spotted ball|spotted ball}}: ''Also '''spot ball''', '''spotted ball''', '''the spot'''. In [[carom billiards]] and [[English billiards]], the second player's {{gli|cue ball}}, which for the shooting player is another {{gli|object ball}} along with {{gli|red ball|the red}}. ''Contrast the {{gli|white ball}}, the starting player's cue ball.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}
{{Defn|no=6|1=spots:{{anchor|Spot balls|spot balls|Spotted balls|spotted balls|Spots|spots|the Spots|the spots|The Spots}} ''Also '''spot balls''', '''spotted balls''', '''the spots'''.'' ''Chiefly British.'' In a numbered pool ball set, the {{gli|group}} of seven balls, other than {{gli|black ball|the black}}, that are a solid colour with the number on the ball inside a small white spot on the otherwise solid-coloured surface. ''Also referred to as {{gli|solids}}; chiefly American colloquialisms are {{gli|low|lows}}, {{gli|little|littles}} and {{gli|small|smalls}}, while alternative British terms include {{gli|dots}} and {{gli|unders}}. Contrast {{gli|stripes}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=7|1=spot, the: ''Short for {{gli|black spot}}.''<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|9}} }}

{{Term|term= spot (verb) |content=spot (verb) {{anchor|spotting|spotted|to spot|spot, to}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=In pool, return an illegally pocketed object ball to the table by placement on the {{gli|foot spot}} or as near to it as possible without moving other balls (in ways that may differ from ruleset to ruleset).<ref name="BCA"/> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In [[snooker]], to return a {{gli|colour ball}} to its designated spot on the table. Also called re-spot. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=In [[nine-ball]], the giving of a {{gli|handicap}} to the opponent where they can also win by making a ball or balls other than the 9 ball (e.g. "she spotted me the seven ball"). }}
{{Defn|no=4|1= In [[eight-ball]], [[one-pocket]] and [[straight pool]], the giving of a handicap to the opponent where they have to make fewer balls than their opponent does. }}
{{Defn|no=5|1= In some variants of pool, to place the cue ball on the {{gli|head spot}} or as near to it as possible inside {{gli|kitchen|the kitchen}}/{{gli|baulk}}, after the opponent has {{gli|scratch|scratched}}. }}

{{Term| spot shot }}
{{Defn|1= The situation arising in many pool games where a ball is spotted to the table's {{gli|foot spot}} or some other specific location and the {{gli|cue ball}} must be shot from the {{gli|kitchen}} or {{gli|the D|the "D"}}. There are {{gli|diamond system}} aiming techniques for pocketing such shots without {{gli|scratch|scratching}} the cue ball into a [[Pocket (billiards)|pocket]].<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|238}} }}

{{Term|term= spot stroke |content=spot stroke {{anchor|spot-stroke|spotstroke|spot hazard|spot-hazard}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''spot-stroke''', '''spot hazard'''.''  A form of {{gli|nurse|nurse shot}} in [[English billiards]], in which the {{gli|red ball}}, which must be {{gli|spot (verb)|spotted}} to a specific location after every time it is {{gli|pot|potted}} before another shot is taken, is potted in such a way as to leave the {{gli|cue ball}} in {{gli|position}} to repeat the same shot, permitting a skilled player to rack up many {{gli|point|points}} in a single {{gli|break}} of shots in one {{gli|visit}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|238}} }}

{{Term| squeeze shot }}
{{Defn|1= Any shot in which the cue ball or an object ball has to squeeze by (just miss with almost no margin for error) another ball or balls in order to reach its intended target.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|245}}{{Clarify|date=September 2008|reason=Shamos 1999 provides other definitions, and "squeeze cannon" should be addressed too.}} }}

{{Term| squirt }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|deflection}}.''<ref name="Brandt"/> }}

{{Term| stake }}
{{Defn|no=1|1= (noun) A player's wager in a {{gli|money game}}. ''Contrast {{gli|pot}}, definition 3.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1= (verb) To provide part or all of a player's stake for a [[gambling]] session in which one is not a player,<ref name="TIEOB"/> i.e. to be a {{gli|stakehorse}} for the player. ''Same as {{gli|back}}.'' }}

{{Term| stakehorse }}
{{Defn|1= One who {{gli|stake|stakes}} (monetarily backs) a [[gambling]] player; a.k.a. {{gli|backer}}.<ref name="TIEOB"/>  "Stakehorse" can also be used as a verb.<ref name="tcom"/> }}

{{Term|term= stall |content=stall {{anchor|stalls|stalled|stalling|on the stall|stall, on thes|staller}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=To intentionally hide one's "{{gli|speed}}" (skill); "he's on the stall."<ref>{{cite journal | last = Geffner | first = Mike | title = Hard Times for 'The Kid' | journal = Billiards Digest | volume =  21| issue =  3 | pages = 46–50 | issn = 0164-761X |date=February 1999}}</ref> }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=To intentionally play slowly so as to irritate one's opponent. This form of {{gli|shark|sharking}} has been eliminated from many tournaments with a shot clock, and from many leagues with time-limit rules. }}

{{Term| stance }}
{{Defn|1= A shooter's body position and posture during a shot.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|246}}<ref name="BCA"/>  ''See also {{gli|cue action}}.'' }}

{{Term| stay shot }}
{{Defn|1= In the UK, a long-distance shot played to {{gli|pot}} a ball close to a {{gli|pocket}} with heavy {{gli|top spin}}, so that when the {{gli|cue ball}} hits the {{gli|cushion}} it bounces off but then stops due to the counteraction of the spin. It is not common in competitive play, being more of an exhibition shot. }}

{{Term| steering }}
{{Defn|1= The lamentable practice of not following through with the {{gli|cue}} straight, but veering off in the direction of the shot's travel or the side {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} is applied, away from the proper aiming line; a common source of missed shots. }}

{{Term| stick }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|cue}}.'' }}

{{Term| stop shot }}
{{Defn|1= Any shot where the {{gli|cue ball}} stops immediately after hitting an {{gli|object ball}}.<ref name="BCA"/>  Generally requires a {{gli|full}} hit.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|137, 246}} }}

{{Term|term= straight eight |content=straight eight {{anchor|straight-eight|straight 8 straight-8|straight eight-ball|straight 8-ball|straight eightball|straight 8ball}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''straight eight-ball'''.''
''Same as {{gli|bar pool}}.''  Not to be confused with the games of [[straight pool]] or [[Balkline and straight rail|straight rail]]. }}

{{Term| straight up }}
{{Defn|1= To play even; without a {{gli|handicap}}. Also called heads up. }}

{{Term| string }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A (usually unmarked) line running across the table between one {{gli|diamond}} and its corresponding diamond on the opposite {{gli|rail}}. ''See also {{gli|head string}}, {{gli|foot string}}, {{gli|long string}} for examples.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{gli|scoring string}}, a.k.a. {{gli|wire}} sense 2.'' Can be used as a verb, as in "string that point for me, will you?" }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=A successive series of wins, e.g. of {{gli|game|games}} or {{gli|frame|frames}} in a {{gli|match}} or {{gli|race}}. }}
{{Defn|no=4|1={{anchor|stringing|Stringing}}''Chiefly British; same as {{gli|lag}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=5|1=A metaphor for precise control, as in {{gli|having the cue ball on a string|Having the cue ball on a string}}. }}

{{Term|term= string-off |content=string-off {{anchor|string off|stringing off|stringoff|strung off|strung-off|strungoff|stringing-off|strings off}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''string off'''.'' ''Obsolete:''
''Same as {{gli|string}}, sense 4, and {{gli|lag}}.''<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}

{{Term|term= stripes |content=stripes {{anchor|stripe|striped ones|striped balls|the stripes|stripes, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''striped ones''', '''striped balls'''.''
The ball {{gli|suit}} ({{gli|group}}) of a fifteen ball set that are numbered 9 through 15 and have a wide colored bar around the middle. ''Compare {{gli|big|bigs}}, {{gli|high|highs}}, {{gli|yellow ball|yellows}}, {{gli|overs}}; contrast {{gli|solids}}.'' }}

{{Term| stroke }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=The motion of the cue stick and the player's arm on a shot;<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|246}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=The strength, fluidity and finesse of a player's shooting technique; "she has a good stroke." }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''See {{gli|in stroke|In stroke}}'': A combination of finesse, good judgement, accuracy and confidence. }}

{{Term| stroke, catch a }}
{{Defn|1= To suddenly be {{gli|in stroke}} after poor prior play; "she caught a stroke." }}

{{Term| stroke, to be in }}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|in stroke|In stroke}}''. }}

{{Term| stun run-through }}
{{Defn|1= A shot played with {{gli|stun shot|stun}}, but not quite enough to completely stop the {{gli|cue ball}}, allowing for a little {{gli|follow}}. It is played so that a {{gli|follow shot}} can be controlled more reliably, with a firmer strike than for a slow roll. It is widely considered{{Weasel inline|date=April 2019}} as one of the most difficult shots in the game to master, but an excellent weapon in a player's armory once it has been. }}

{{Term| stun shot }}
{{Defn|1= A shot where the {{gli|cue ball}} has no {{gli|top spin}} or {{gli|back spin}} on it when it impacts an object ball, and "stuns" out along the {{gli|tangent line}}. Commonly shortened to just "stun." }}

{{Term| sucker shot }}
{{Defn|1= A shot that only a novice or fool would take. Usually because it is a guaranteed {{gli|scratch}} or other {{gli|foul}}, or because it has a low percentage of being pocketed and is likely to leave the opponent in good position. }}

{{Term| suit }}
{{Defn|1= A (principally American) term in [[eight-ball]] for either of the set of seven balls ({{gli|stripes}} or {{gli|solids}}) that must be cleared before {{gli|sink|sinking}} the 8 ball. Borrowed from [[card game]]s. Generally used in the generic, especially in rulesets or articles, rather than colloquially by players. ''See also {{gli|group}} for the British equivalent.'' }}

{{Term| surgeon }}
{{Defn|1= A player skilled at very thin {{gli|cut shot|cut shots}}, and shots in which a ball must pass cleanly through a very narrow space (such as the {{gli|cue ball}} between two of the opponent's {{gli|object ball|object balls}} with barely enough room) to avoid a foul and/or to pocket a ball.<ref>[[FSN New York]] broadcast of 2006 [[World Cup of Pool]], third quarter-final. Team USA ([[Earl Strickland]] and [[Rodney Morris]]) vs. Team Hong Kong ([[Lee Chenman]] and [[Kong Man-ho]]). In-context commentary on rack 10 by pool pro [[Kim Davenport]].</ref> Such shots may be referred to as "surgery", "surgical shots", "surgical cuts", etc. (chiefly US, colloquial). ''See also {{gli|feather}} (US) or {{gli|snick}} (UK).'' }}

{{Term|term= swan |content=swan {{anchor|swans|swan rest|swan-rest|swan|the swan|swan, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Hilfsqueue the swan.png|thumb|right|200px|Swan rest]]
''Also '''swan rest'''.''
A type of {{gli|rest}}, similar to a {{gli|spider}} in that the head is raised by longer supporting legs, but instead of a selection of grooves on the top for the {{gli|cue}} to rest in there is only one, on the end of an overhanging neck, so that a player can get to the {{gli|cue ball}} more easily if the path is blocked by two or more obstructing balls. Also known as the {{gli|goose neck}}<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}

{{Term| sweaters }}
{{Defn|1= Those who are {{gli|stakehorse|stakehorsing}} a match or have side bets on it and are "sweating the {{gli|action}}",<ref name="USOpen06"/> i.e. nervous about its outcome. }}

{{Term| swerve }}
{{Defn|1= An unintentional and often barely perceptible curve imparted to the path of the {{gli|cue ball}} from the use of {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} without a level {{gli|cue}}. Not to be confused with a {{gli|swerve shot}}. }}

{{Term| swerve shot }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|semi-massé|semi-{{lang|fr|massé|nocat=y}}}}.''  ''Compare {{gli|curve shot}}.'' }}

{{Glossary end}}
{{Compact ToC|side=yes|center=yes|top=yes|symnum=yes|refs=yes|nobreak=yes|x=X}}

==T==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| table cloth }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|cloth}}.'' }}

{{Term| table roll }}
{{Defn|1= A flaw in the table, such as lack of leveling, loose {{gli|cloth}} at the {{gli|fall}} of a {{gli|pocket}}, a divot in the {{gli|bed}}, etc., that causes a ball, especially a slow-moving one, to not roll or settle as expected. }}

{{Term|term= table scratch |content=table scratch {{anchor|table scratches|table-scratch|tablescratch|table-scratches|table-scratched}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Failure to hit any legal {{gli|object ball}} at all with the {{gli|cue ball}}. In most sets of rules, this is a {{gli|foul}} like any other. However, in some variants of {{gli|bar pool}} a table scratch while shooting for the {{gli|8 ball|8 ball}} is a loss of game where other more minor fouls might not be, as is {{gli|scratch|scratching}} on the 8 ball (neither result in a loss of game in professional and most amateur league rules). }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=By way of drift from the above definition, the term is also applied by many league players to the foul in more standardized rules of failing to drive a (any) ball to a {{gli|cushion}}, or to {{gli|pocket}} a legal object ball, after the cue ball's initial contact with an object ball. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=Uncommonly, and by way of entirely different derivation ("scratch off the table"), it can also mean knocking the cue ball (or more loosely, any ball) completely off the table. }}

{{Term|term= table speed |content=table speed {{anchor|table speeds|table-speed|tablespeed}}}}
{{Defn|1= Subjective assessment of the rapidity with which balls most on the [[billiard table]]'s {{gli|cloth}} ([[baize]]). Balls roll faster and farther on "{{gli|fast}}" tables with tightly-woven, broken-in, clean cloth as they experience less friction than with "{{gli|slow}}" cloth that is dirty or is fuzzy because of a loose weave and cheap material or because it is wearing out. The terms may be used comparatively, as in "this is a really fast table", or "I don't like cloth this slow". Fast cloth can make {{gli|draw}} ({{gli|screw}}) shots somewhat less effective, as there is less purchase for the {{gli|cue ball}}'s {{gli|back spin}}. On the other hand, {{gli|slide}} and {{gli|stop shot|stop shots}} are easier on fast cloth because it is so comparatively smooth.<ref name="TIEOB"/>{{rp|53}} Sometimes called {{gli|cloth speed}}. }}

{{Term|term= talc |content=talc {{anchor|hand talc|talcum|talcum powder|hand-talc}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''hand talc'''.''
White [[talcum powder]] placed on a player's {{gli|bridge hand}} to reduce moisture so that a [[Cue stick|cue]]'s {{gli|shaft}} can slide more easily. Many establishments do not provide it as too many recreational players will use far more than is necessary and transfer it all over the table's surface, the floor, furniture, etc. Venues that do provide it usually do so in the form of compressed cones about 6–inches tall. Some serious players bring their own, in a bottle or a porous bag that can be patted on the bridge hand. Many players prefer a {{gli|pool glove}}. Talc is frequently mistakenly referred to as "{{gli|hand chalk}}", despite not being made of [[chalk]]. }}

{{Term| tangent line }}
{{Defn|1= The imaginary line drawn perpendicular to the impact line between the cue ball and an object ball. The cue ball will travel along this line after impact with an object ball if it has no vertical spin on it (is sliding) at the moment of impact on a non-center-to-center collision. ''See also {{gli|stun shot}}.'' }}

{{Term| tank }}
{{Defn|1= To purposefully lose games in order to gain a better draft selection or to be more competitive in the future. This is usually performed when a team is out of or unlikely to take part in a league's postseason. }}

{{Term| taper }}
{{Defn|1= The profile of the shaft of the cue as it increases in diameter from the tip to the joint. A "fast" or "slow" taper refers to how quickly the diameter increases. A "pro" taper describes a shaft that tapers rapidly from the joint size to the tip size so as to provide a long, untapered stroking area. }}

{{Term| tapper }}
{{Defn|1= A {{gli|tip tool}} with fine, sharp points used to roughen the {{gli|cue tip}} to better hold {{gli|chalk}} after it has become hardened and smooth from repeated impacts with the {{gli|cue ball}}. Tappers are firmly tapped on or pressed against the tip. {{gli|scuffer|Scuffers}} serve the same purpose, but are used differently. }}

{{Term| template }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''See {{gli|pocket template}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''See {{gli|racking template}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''See {{gli|training template}}.'' }}

{{Term| tempy }}
{{Defn|1= The ability to snooker someone without actually being a snooker }}

{{Term| thin }}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|overcut}}.'' }}

{{Term| three-foul rule }}
{{Defn|1= The three-foul rule describes a situation in which a player is assessed a defined penalty after committing a third successive foul. The exact penalty, its prerequisites and whether it is in place at all, vary depending on the games. In [[nine-ball]] and [[straight pool]], a player must be the told he is on two fouls in order to transgress the rule, and if violated, results in a loss of game for the former and a special point penalty of a loss of fifteen points (plus one for the foul itself) in the latter together with the ability to require the violator to rerack and rebreak. In [[blackball (pool)|WEPF eight ball]], it is a loss of game if a player commits a third foul while shooting at {{gli|black ball|the black}}. In [[snooker]], three successive fouls from a non-{{gli|snooker|snookered}} position result in forfeiting the frame. Repeat fouls from a snookered position are quite common – [[Dave Harold]] holds the record in a competitive match, missing the same shot 14 successive times. }}

{{Term| throw }}
{{Defn|1= The normal phenomenon where the object ball is pushed in a direction very slightly off the pure contact angle between the two balls. Caused by the friction imparted by the first ball sliding past or rotating against the other ball.<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| tickie }}
{{Defn|1= A shot in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is driven first to one or more {{gli|rail|rails}}, then hits an {{gli|object ball}} and {{gli|kiss|kisses}} back to the last rail contacted. It is a common shot in carom games, but can be applied to such an instance in any relevant cue sport. }}

{{Term| tied up }}
{{Defn|1= Describing a ball that is {{gli|safe}} because it is in close proximity to one or more other balls, and would need to be {{gli|develop|developed}} before it becomes {{gli|pot|pottable}}. }}

{{Term| tight }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Describing a situation where a {{gli|pot}} is made more difficult, either by a {{gli|pocket}} being partially blocked by another ball so that not all of it is available, or the {{gli|cue ball}} path to the {{gli|object ball|object ball's}} {{gli|potting angle}} involves going past another ball very closely. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=Describing pockets that are themselves narrower than average, making for a more challenging table. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Chiefly British:'' A resting ball that is in actual contact with a {{gli|cushion}} is said to be "tight" to that cushion. The chiefly American term "{{gli|frozen}}" means the same thing, except that it can also apply to a ball in contact with one or more other balls rather than with a cushion.}}

{{Term| time shot }}
{{Defn|1= Any shot in which the cue ball moves another ball to a different position and then rebounds from one or more rails to contact the object ball again (normally in an attempt to {{gli|pocket}} it or score a {{gli|billiard}}).<ref name="BCA"/> }}

{{Term| timing }}
{{Defn|1= The ease with which a player is generating {{gli|cue power}}, due to well-timed acceleration of the {{gli|cue}} at the appropriate point in a shot. }}

{{Term| tip }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|cue tip}}.'' }}

{{Term| tip clamp }}
{{Defn|1= A small clamping {{gli|tip tool}} used to firmly hold and apply pressure to a replacement {{gli|cue tip}} until the glue holding the tip to the {{gli|ferrule}} has fully dried. }}

{{Term|term= tip tool |content=tip tool {{anchor|tip tools|tip-tool|tip-tools|tiptool|tiptools}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''tiptool''', '''tip-tool'''.''
Any of a class of maintenance tools for {{gli|cue tip|cue tips}}, including {{gli|shaper|shapers}}, {{gli|scuffer|scuffers}}, {{gli|mushroom trimmer|mushroom trimmers}}, {{gli|tapper|tappers}}, {{gli|burnisher|burnishers}} and {{gli|tip clamp|tip clamps}}. Road, league and tournament players often carry an array of tip tools in their cases. The term is not applied to {{gli|chalk|cue chalk}}. }}

{{Term|term= titty |content=titty {{anchor|tittie|titties}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''tittie'''; plural '''titties'''.''
''Same as {{gli|knuckle}}.''  By analogy to the [[human breast]]. }}

{{Term|term= titty-hooked |content=titty-hooked {{anchor|titty hooked|tittyhooked|tittie-hooked|tittie hooked|tittiehooked|titty-hook|titty hook|tittyhook|tittie-hook}}{{anchor|tittie hook|tittiehook}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''tittie-hooked'''.''
''Same as {{gli|corner-hooked}}.'' }}

{{Term| ton }}
{{Defn|1= ''In snooker, same as {{gli|century}}.'' }}

{{Term| top }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Chiefly British:'' The half of the [[Billiard table|table]] in which the {{gli|object ball|object balls}} are {{gli|rack|racked}} (in games in which racked balls are used). This usage is conceptually opposite that in North America, where this end of the table is called the {{gli|foot}}. In [[snooker]], this is where the {{gli|red ball|red}}s are racked, nearest the {{gli|black ball|black}} {{gli|spot}}; this is the area in which most of the game is usually played. ''Contrast {{gli|bottom}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Chiefly American:'' Exactly the opposite of the British usage above – the {{gli|head}} end of the table. No longer in common usage. }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=''Short for {{gli|top spin}}, i.e. same as {{gli|follow}}''. }}

{{Term| top cushion }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' The {{gli|cushion}} on the {{gli|top rail}}.   ''Compare {{gli|foot cushion}} (U.S.); contrast {{gli|bottom cushion}}.'' }}

{{Term| top-of-the-table play}}
{{Defn|1= This technique involves all three balls being grouped in close proximity at the top end of the table and scoring with a succession of short-range pots and cannons. A typical starting point is with the red placed on its spot, object white on or near the centreline somewhere between the spot and the top cushion, and the cueball posed nearby to pot the red or make a gentle cannon. If the pot, then it should be played so as to leave the cueball in a good position for the next shot. If the cannon, then the purpose is to disturb the object white as little as possible and finish clear to pot the red which has been left near the corner pocket. Then in potting the red the cueball must again be left in a good position for the next shot, and so on. This form of play makes it possible to compile really big breaks in relatively short time. }}

{{Term| top rail }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly British:'' The {{gli|rail}} at the {{gli|top|Top}} of the [[Billiard table|table]]. ''Compare {{gli|foot rail}} (U.S.); contrast {{gli|bottom rail|Bottom rail}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= top spin |content=top spin {{anchor|topspin|top-spin|top spun|topspun|top-spun}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''topspin''', '''top-spin''', '''top'''.}}
''Same as {{gli|follow}}. Contrast {{gli|bottom spin}}, {{gli|back spin}}. See illustration at {{gli|spin}}.'' }}

{{Term| total clearance }}
{{Defn|1= A term used in [[snooker]] for the {{gli|pot|potting}} of all the balls that are {{gli|rack|racked}} at the beginning of the {{gli|frame}} in a single {{gli|break}} ({{gli|run}}). The minimum total clearance affords 72 points (barring multiple {{gli|red ball|reds}} being potted on a single {{gli|stroke}}), in the pattern of red then {{gli|yellow ball|yellow}} repeatedly until all reds are potted, then all of the {{gli|colour ball|colour balls}}. The {{gli|maximum break}} is 147 (barring a foul by the opponent immediately before the break began). }}

{{Term| total snooker }}
{{Defn|1= In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]],<ref name="WEPFRules"/> a situation where the player cannot {{gli|see}} any of the balls she/he wants to hit due to obstruction by other balls or the {{gli|knuckle}} of a {{gli|pocket}}. The player must {{gli|call}} "total snooker" to the {{gli|referee}}, which allows a dispensation to the player from having to hit a {{gli|cushion}} after contacting the {{gli|object ball}}, which is otherwise a {{gli|foul}}. }}

{{Term| touching ball }}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Snooker Touching Ball Red.png|thumb|right|Touching ball with red ball]]
In [[snooker]], the situation in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is resting in contact with an {{gli|object ball}}. If the object ball is a ball that may legally be hit, then it is allowable to simply hit away from it and it counts as having hit it in the shot. If that ball moves, then a {{gli|push shot}} must have occurred, in which case it is a {{gli|foul}}. This rule is sometimes applies to British [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] as well as snooker. In American-style pool, and in [[carom billiards]], a less stringent definition of a push shot applies; ''see {{gli|frozen}}.''}}

{{Term| tournament card }}
{{Defn|1= Jargon for a [[tournament]] chart, showing which players are playing against whom and what the results are. Often shortened to '''card'''. }}

{{Term| treble }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|triple}}.'' }}

{{Term| treble century }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|triple century}}.'' }}

{{Term| training template }}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Training template.png|thumb|right|Training template]]
A thin sheet of rigid material in the size and shape of a [[Rack (billiards)|physical ball rack]] (e.g. a {{gli|diamond}} for [[nine-ball]]), with holes drilled though it, which is used to make permanent {{gli|divot|divots}} in the [[Baize|cloth]] of the [[Billiard table|table]], one at a time for each [[Billiard ball|ball]] in the {{gli|rack|racking}} pattern, by placing the template on the table, and then a ball in one of the holes in the template by tapping it sharply from above to create the cloth indentation. The holes are spaced slightly closer than the regulation ball width of 2<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;inch (57.15&nbsp;mm) apart, so that when the balls settle partially into their divots, the outer sides of these indentations create ball-on-ball pressure, pushing the balls together tightly. The purpose of the template is to do away with using a physical rack, with racking instead being performed simply by placing the balls into position, and the divots aligning them into the tightest possible formation automatically. This prevents accidental loose racks, and also thwarts the possibility of cheating by manipulating the ball positions while racking. The [[European Pocket Billiard Federation]] (EPBF, Europe's [[World Pool-Billiard Association|WPA]] affiliate organization) has adopted this racking technique for its professional Euro-Tour event series.<ref name="Varner BD 2008-02">{{BDMag|first=Nick|last=Varner|date=February 2008|title=Killing Me Softly?: The Outbreak of the Soft Break Threatens the Game of 9-ball|volume=30|issue=3|pages= 34–35}}</ref> ''See also {{gli|racking template}}, {{gli|pocket template}}.'' }}

{{Term| triangle }}
{{Defn|1= [[File:Cribbage pool rack closeup.jpg|thumb|left|{{gli|rack|Racking}} up a game of [[Cribbage (pool)|cribbage pool]] using the {{gli|triangle}} [[Rack (billiards)|rack]], with the 15 ball in the middle, no two corner balls adding up to 15, and the apex ball on the {{gli|foot spot}}.]]
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;A [[Rack (billiards)|rack]] in the form of an [[equilateral triangle]]. There are different sizes of triangles for {{gli|rack|racking}} different games (which use different ball sizes and numbers of balls),<ref name="BCA"/> including the fifteen ball racks for [[snooker]] and various pool games such as [[eight-ball]] and [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]. A larger triangle is used for the twenty-one ball rack for [[baseball pocket billiards]]).<ref name="BCA"/> The smallest triangle rack is employed in [[three-ball]] ''(see illustration at that article)'' but is not strictly necessary, as the front of a larger rack can be used, or the balls can be arranged by hand. {{further|Rack (billiards)}}
2.&nbsp;&nbsp;The {{gli|object ball|object balls}} in triangular formation, before the {{gli|break|break shot}}, after being racked as above ''(i.e., same as {{gli|rack}}, definition 2)''. Principally British. ''(See also {{gli|pyramid}}.)''{{Clear}} }}

{{Term| trick shot }}
{{Defn|1= {{Main|Trick shot}}
An exhibition shot designed to impress either by a player's skill or knowledge of how to set the balls up and take advantage of the angles of the table; usually a combination of both. A trick shot may involve items otherwise never seen during the course of a game, such as bottles, baskets, etc., and even members of the audience being placed on or around the table. }}

{{Term|term= triple |content=triple {{anchor|triples|tripled|treble|trebles|trebled|tripling|trebling|triple shot|treble shot|triple-shot}}{{anchor|treble-shot}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''treble'''.''
A British term for a type of {{gli|bank shot}} in which the {{gli|object ball}} is {{gli|pot|potted}} off two {{gli|cushion|cushions}}, especially by sending it twice across the table and into a {{gli|side pocket}}. Also called a '''two-cushion double'''.<!--Cross-reference this to [[#zig-zag]] when that entry exists.--> }}

{{Term|term= triple century |content=triple century {{anchor|triple centuries|triple-century|triple-century break|treble century|treble centuries|treble-century|treble-century break}}}}
{{Defn|1= {{ghat|Also '''treble century''', '''triple-century break''', '''treble-century break'''.}}
''See {{gli|double century}}.'' }}

{{Term| turn }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|visit}}.'' }}

{{Term| two-cushion double }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|triple}}''. }}

{{Term| two-pot-rule }}
{{Defn|1= {{empty section|date=April 2013|reason=Explanation needed.}} }}

{{Term| two-shot carry }}
{{Defn|1= A rule in [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]]<ref name="WEPFRules"/> whereby after an opponent has {{gli|fault|faulted}} and thus yielded {{gli|two shots}}, if the incoming shooter {{gli|pot|pots}} a ball on the first shot, (s)he is still allowed to miss in a later shot and take a second shot {{gli|ball-in-hand|in-hand}} (from {{gli|the D|the "D"}} or from {{gli|baulk}}, or if the opponent potted the cue ball, from anywhere)—even on {{gli|black ball|the black}}, in most variants. Also called the "two visits" rule; i.e., the two penalty shots are considered independent {{gli|visit|visits}} to the table, and the limiting variants discussed at {{gli|two shots}} below cannot logically apply. }}

{{Term|term= two shots |content=two shots {{anchor|two-shot rule|two shot rule|2 shots|2-shot rule|2 shot rule}}}}
{{Defn|1= In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]],<ref name="WEPFRules"/> a penalty conceded by a player after a {{gli|fault}}. The incoming opponent is then allowed to miss twice before the faulting player is allowed another {{gli|visit}}. Many local rules state the {{gli|ball-in-hand|in-hand}} from the D (see {{gli|D, the}}) or {{gli|baulk}} (or if the opponent potted the cue ball, from anywhere) nature of the second shot is lost if a ball is potted on the first shot, that it is lost if the ball potted in the first shot was that player's last {{gli|colour ball|coloured ball}} ({{gli|object ball}} in their {{gli|group}}), and/or that there is only ever one shot on {{gli|black ball|the black}} after a fault. ''See {{gli|two-shot carry}} for more detail on a sub-rule that may apply (and eliminate the variations discussed here).'' }}

{{Term| two visits }}
{{Defn|1= ''See {{gli|two-shot carry}}.'' }}

{{Term| two-way shot }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A shot in which if the target is missed, the opponent is safe or will not have a desirable shot; }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=A shot in which there are two ways to score; }}
{{Defn|no=3|1=A shot in which a second ball is targeted to be pocketed, broken out of a cluster, repositioned or some other secondary goal is also intended. }}

{{Glossary end}}
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==U==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| umbrella shot }}
{{Defn|1= A [[three cushion billiards]] shot in which the cue ball first strikes two cushions before hitting the first object ball then hits a third cushion before hitting the second object ball. So called because the shot opens up like an umbrella after hitting the third rail. Umbrella shots may be classified as inside or outside depending on which side of the first object ball the cue ball contacts. }}

{{Term| umpire }}
{{Defn|1= ''Chiefly American, and largely obsolete:'' ''Same as {{gli|referee}}.''<ref name="BDESaw"/>  Derives from the usage in [[baseball]]. }}

{{Term|term= undercut |content=undercut {{anchor|under-cut|undercutting|under-cutting|undercuts}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''under-cut'''.}}
1&nbsp;&nbsp;To hit the object ball with not eneuch o a cut angle; hitting the object ball too full or "fat". It is a well-known maxim that {{gli|overcut|overcutting}} is preferable to undercutting because of the principle of the "{{gli|professional side of the pocket}}". May be used as a noun: "That was a bad undercut." }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=On [[Billiards table#Snooker|snooker and English billiards tables]], to trim back (usually by filing and sanding, not actually cutting) the underside of the protruding {{gli|knuckle}} of the {{gli|cushion}}, a.k.a. the {{gli|nose}} of the cushion, from where the cushion starts to curve into the {{gli|pocket}} until it ends inside the pocket {{gli|jaws}}.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}} The result is a cushion {{gli|face}} at the knuckle that angles inward toward where the base of the {{gli|rail}} meets the {{gli|bed}} of the table, instead of one that is perpendicular to the bed.<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}} At this point it is thus more like a triangular [[Pool (cue sports)|pool]] cushion {{gli|profile}}, with its "[[Backboard (basketball)|backboard]]" effect, than a sideways-L-shaped snooker cushion profile.<!--That is basic geometric observation and logic, and requires no source.--> Undercut knuckles make for an easier pocket to {{gli|pot}} balls in from an angle – a "faster {{gli|pocket speed}}" – because they raise the contact point between cushion and ball to above the centre of the ball,<ref name="SnookerGames"/>{{rp|8}} reducing the tendency of the ball to be rebounded away. Also used as a noun: "The amount of the undercut has a major effect on pocket playability." }}

{{Term| unders }}
{{Defn|1= ''Same as {{gli|solids}}, in New Zealand.<ref name="Stickmen2"/>  Compare {{gli|little}}, {{gli|small}}, {{gli|red ball|reds}}, {{gli|low}}, {{gli|spot|spots}}, {{gli|dots}}; contrast {{gli|overs}}.'' }}

{{Term| unintentional english }}
{{Defn|1= Inadvertent {{gli|english|{{Not a typo|english}}}} placed on the cue ball by a failure to hit it dead center on its horizontal axis. It is both a common source of missed shots and commonly overlooked when attempts are made to determine the reason for a miss.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|89}} In UK parlance this is usually called 'unwanted side'. }}

{{Term| up-table }}
{{Defn|1= Toward the {{gli|head}} of the [[Billiard table|table]]. }}

{{Glossary end}}

==V==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term| velcro }}
{{Defn|1= A British term describing when a ball is {{gli|tight}} on the {{gli|cushion}} and a player sends the {{gli|cue ball}} to hit both the {{gli|object ball}} and the rail at nearly the same time; the object ball, ideally, stays tight to the rail and is thus "velcroed" to the rail. {{gli|inside english|Inside {{Not a typo|english}}}} is often employed to achieve this effect, hitting slightly before the ball. The movement of a ball just next to the rail (but not the shot described to achieve this movement) is called {{gli|hugging the rail}} in both the UK and the US. }}

{{Term| visit }}
{{Defn|1= One of the alternating turns players (or {{gli|doubles}} teams) are allowed at the table, before a shot is played that concedes a visit to his/her opponent (e.g. "he ran out in one visit"). Usually synonymous with {{gli|inning}} as applied to a single player/team, except in {{gli|scotch doubles}} format. }}

{{Glossary end}}
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==W==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term|term= wall rack |content=wall rack {{anchor|wall racks|wall-rack|wallrack}}}}
{{Defn|no=1|1=A one-piece or two-piece item of wall-mounted furniture designed to store [[cue stick]]s and sometimes other accessories such as the {{gli|mechanical bridge}} ({{gli|rest}}), [[billiard ball|balls]], {{gli|chalk}}, etc., when not in use. May consist of two small pieces of wood, or be an elaborately decorative large work of carpentry. ''Contrast {{gli|cue stand|Cue stand}}.'' }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=''Same as {{gli|scoring rack}}''. }}

{{Term| warrior }}
{{Defn|1= An {{gli|object ball}} positioned near a {{gli|pocket}} so that another object ball shot at that pocket will likely go {{cuegloss|in-off|in off}} the warrior, even if aimed so imperfectly that if the warrior had been absent, the shot likely would have missed. Usually arises when a ball is being {{cuegloss|bank shot|banked}} to the pocket. }}

{{Term| way }}
{{Defn|no=1|1=Term for object balls in the game of Chicago that are each assigned as having a set money value; typically the 5, 8, 10, 13 and 15.{{Clarify|date=January 2009|reason=Usage example needed.}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In games where multiple balls must be pocketed in succession to score a specific number of {{gli|point}}s, such as [[Cribbage (pool)|cribbage pool]] or [[thirty-one pool]], when the last ball necessary to score has been potted, the points total given is referred to as a "way".{{citation needed|date=August 2015|reason=Does not appear in Shamos 1999 or any other pool book on hand.}} This is a usage borrowed from [[card games]].}}

{{Term| weight }}
{{Defn|1= To "give someone weight" is to give them a {{gli|handicapping|handicap}} to compensate for notable differences in skill level. ''Compare {{gli|spot (noun)}}, sense 1.'' }}

{{Term|term= white ball |content=white ball {{anchor|white balls|white-ball|whiteball|the white|white, the}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''the white'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Alternate name for the {{gli|cue ball}}. }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In [[carom billiards]] games and [[English billiards]], a more specific term for the starting opponent's {{gli|cue ball}}, which for the shooting player is another {{gli|object ball}} along with {{gli|red ball|the red}}. ''Contrast {{gli|spot ball}}'', the other player's cue ball.<ref name="BDESaw"/> }}

{{Term| whitewash }}
{{Defn|1= ''Principally British:'' In [[snooker]], if a player wins all of the required {{gli|frame|frames}} in a {{gli|match}} without conceding a frame to their opponent, for example, if a player wins a best-of-nine-frames match with a score of 5–0, this is referred to as a "whitewash". The term is based on a similar term used in the card game of "Patience" in the UK. However, it is not used in the context of a 1–0 winning scoreline in a match consisting of a single frame. }}

{{Term| whitey }}
{{Defn|1= Alternate name for the {{gli|cue ball}}.<ref name="USOpen06-3"/> }}

{{Term| wild }}
{{Defn|1= When a ball is given as a {{gli|handicapping|handicap}} it often must be called (generally tacit). A wild handicap means the ball can be made in any manner specifically ''without'' being called. }}

{{Term| wing ball }}
{{Defn|1= Either of the balls on the lateral extremities of a racked set of balls in position for a break shot; the two balls at the outside of a 15-ball rack in the back row, or the balls to the left and right of the 9 ball in [[nine-ball]]'s diamond {{gli|rack}}-shaped opening set up position.<ref name="Brandt"/>{{rp|121}} In nine-ball It is seen as a reliable sign of a good {{gli|break shot|break}} (which is normally taken from close to either {{gli|cushion}} in the {{gli|kitchen}}) if the opposite wing ball is {{gli|pocket|pocketed}}. ''See also {{gli|break box}}.'' }}

{{Term|term= wing shot |content=wing shot {{anchor|wing-shot|wingshot|wing shots|wing-shots|wingshots}}}}
{{Defn|1= Shooting at an object ball that is already in motion ("on the wing") at the moment of shooting and cue ball impact; it is a {{cuegloss|foul}} in most games, and usually only seen in [[trick shot]]s and in [[speed pool]]. }}

{{Term|term= winning hazard |content=winning hazard {{anchor|winner|winning-hazard|winning hazards|winners}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''winner'''.''
(Largely obsolete.) A shot in which the {{gli|cue ball}} is used to {{gli|pot}} another ball.<ref name="BCA"/><ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|275}} In [[snooker]] and most [[pool (cue sports)|pool]] games doing this is known as {{gli|pot|potting}}, {{gli|pocket|pocketing}} or {{gli|sink|sinking}} the targeted ball. The term derives from this hazard winning the player points, while {{gli|losing hazard|losing hazards}} cost the player points, in early forms of billiards. Whether the ball is an {{gli|object ball}} or an opponent's cue ball depends upon the type of game (some have two cue balls). The move will score {{gli|point|points}} in most (but not all) games in which {{gli|hazard|hazards}} (as such) apply, such as [[English billiards]] (in which a "red winner" is the potting of the {{gli|red ball}} and a "white winner" the potting of the opponent's cue ball, each worth a different number of points).<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{Rp|275}}  ''Contrast {{gli|losing hazard}}.'' }}

{{Term| wipe its feet }}
{{Defn|1= British term referring to the base or metaphorical "feet" of a ball that rattles in the {{gli|jaws}} of a {{gli|pocket}} before eventually dropping. Usually said of an {{gli|object ball}} for which the intention was to {{gli|pot}} it.<ref name="Brandt"/>{{rp|121}} }}

{{Term|term= wire, the |content=wire, the {{anchor|wire|the wire|scoring wire|score wire}}}}
[[File:Booches interior.jpg|thumb|A scoring wire at [[Booches]] in Columbia, Missouri, with a sign statin "please do not use this wire"]]
{{Defn|no=1|1=''Also '''scoring wire''', '''score wire'''.''
Actual wire or string with multiple beads strung (like an [[abacus]]) used for keeping {{gli|score}}. Beads may be numbered or, more commonly, are in series of nine small beads representing 1s punctuated by larger beads representing 10s. Scoring strings are usually strung over the table, above the lights, but may be mounted on the wall.

{{gli|games on the wire|Points "on the wire"}} are a type of {{gli|handicapping|handicap}} used, where a weaker player will be given a certain number of points before the start of the game.<ref name="Dummies"/>{{Rp|281, 292}}}}
{{Defn|no=2|1=The [[Grapevine (gossip)|grapevine]] in the pool world, carrying news of what action is taking place where in the country.{{Citation needed|date=September 2007}}<!--Lots of things need to be sourced here, but this one in particular stands out as questionably a pool term in particular, rather than just general vernacular.--> }}

{{Term| wired }}
{{Defn|1= ''And '''wired combination/combo''', '''wired kiss''', etc.''
''Same as {{gli|dead}} (and variants listed there).'' }}

{{Term|term= wood |content=wood {{anchor|piece of wood|wood, piece of}}}}
{{Defn|1= A slang term for a [[Cue stick|cue]], usually used with "piece", as in "that's a nice piece of wood". ''Contrast {{gli|firewood}}''. }}

{{Term|term= wrap |content=wrap {{anchor|wraps|wrapping|wrapper|grip|grips}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''wrapping''', '''grip'''.''
A covering of leather, [[nylon]] string,  {{gli|Irish linen}} or other material around the area of the butt of a cue where the cue is normally gripped.<ref name="Knuchell"/>{{rp|246}} }}

{{Glossary end}}
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==Y==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term|term= yellow ball |content=yellow ball {{anchor|yellow balls|yellow|yellows|the yellow|the yellows|yellow, the|yellows, the}}}}
{{Defn|1=
{{ghat|Also '''yellow(s)''', '''the yellow(s)'''.}}
1.&nbsp;&nbsp;In [[snooker]], the lowest-value {{gli|colour ball}}, being worth two points.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|278}} It is one of the {{gli|baulk colour|baulk colours}}. In some (especially American) snooker ball sets, it is numbered "2" on its surface. It is placed on the {{gli|yellow spot}}.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|278}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} }}
{{Defn|no=2|1=In [[Blackball (pool)|blackball]], one of two {{gli|group|groups}} of seven {{gli|object ball|object balls}} that must be potted before the {{gli|eight ball}}; ''compare {{gli|stripes}}; contrast {{gli|red ball}}''.<ref name="WEPFRules"/> }}

{{Term| yellow spot }}
{{Defn|1= The {{gli|spot}} (usually not specially marked because it is obvious) on a [[Billiards table#Snooker and English billiards tables|snooker table]] at which the {{gli|yellow ball}} is placed. Regardless of table size, it is the intersection of {{gli|the D|the "D"}} and the {{gli|baulk line|balk line}} on the {{gli|break|breaker's}} right side.<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|278}}<ref name="WPBSA 2011"/>{{rp|10}} The left-to-right order of the {{gli|green ball|green}}, {{gli|brown ball|brown}} and yellow balls is the subject of the [[mnemonic]] phrase "'''G'''od '''b'''less '''y'''ou".<ref name="Shamos 1999"/>{{rp|115}} }}

{{Term| yellow pocket }}
{{Defn|1= In [[snooker]], the {{gli|corner pocket}} that is closest to the {{gli|yellow spot}}. }}

{{Glossary end}}

==Z==
{{Glossary}}

{{Term|term= zone |content=zone {{anchor|Zone|in the zone|zone, in the|the zone|the Zone|zone, the}}}}
{{Defn|1= ''Also '''in the zone'''.''
Describes an extended period of functioning in {{gli|dead stroke}} ("she's in the zone").<ref name="Brandt"/>{{rp|121}} Sometimes capitalized for humorous effect.<!--Add entry for [[#zone play]]--> }}

{{Glossary end}}
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==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Shamos 1999">{{Shamos 1999}}</ref>
<ref name="TIEOB">{{cite book
 |last = Shamos
 |first = Michael Ian
 |author-link = Michael Ian Shamos
 |date = 1993
 |title = The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Billiards
 |publisher = Lyons & Burford
 |location = New York City, NY, US
 |isbn = 1-55821-219-1
 |url = https://archive.org/details/illustratedencyc0000sham
 }}</ref>
<ref name="BCA">{{cite book
 |author=BCA Rules Committee
 |title=Billiards: The Official Rules and Record Book
 |publisher=Billiard Congress of America
 |location=Iowa City, IA, US
 |date=November 1992
 |isbn=1-878493-02-7
 |url=https://archive.org/details/billiards00bill
 }}</ref>
<ref name="WEPFRules">[http://www.wepf.org/WEPF%20Rules%202009%20poster.pdf World Eight-ball Pool Federation Eight-ball Rules], 2004, Perth, WA, Australia – These are also the rules of the English Pool Association and other national WEPF affiliates.</ref>
<ref name="WPBSA 2011">{{WPBSA 2011|accessdate=2011-12-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Knuchell">{{cite book
 |last=Knuchell
 |first=Edward D.
 |date=1970
 |title=Pocket Billiards with Cue Tips
 |publisher=A. S. Barnes and Co
 |location=Cranbury, NJ, US
 |isbn = 0-498-07392-0
}}</ref>
<ref name="SnookerGames">{{cite web
 |url= http://www.snookergames.co.uk/glossary1.html
 |title=Definitions of Terms used in Snooker and English Billiards
 |at=<!--Obvious entries that relate to the ones here; see numbered pages glossary8.html, etc., as cited by {{rp}}.-->
 |last=Stooke
 |first=Michael P.
 |work=SnookerGames.co.uk
 |publisher=self-published
 |location=Dorset, England
 |date=March 14, 2010
}}{{tertiary|biblio=yes}} Stooke is a snooker instructor and writer whose work appears to be presumptively reliable, based on the sources he does cite throughout his materials.</ref>
}}

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