See soorce fer Roum

{{Infobox Italian comune
|name= Roum
|official_name= ''Roma Capitale''
|native_name= ''Roma''
|nickname= ''The Eternal Ceety, [[Caput Mundi]], <br>[[seven Hills o Roum|the Ceety o seven hills]]''
|image_skyline= Collage Rome.jpg
|imagesize= 200px
|image_alt=
|image_caption= Views o Roum, frae tap left clockwise: the [[Colosseum]], the [[Monument tae Vittorio Emanuele II|Monument tae Vittorio Emanuele&nbsp;II]], the [[Castel Sant'Angelo]], an aerial view o the ceety's historic centre, the dome o [[St. Peter's Basilica|St.&nbsp;Peter's Basilica]], the [[Trevi Foontain]], the [[Piazza della Repubblica, Roum|Piazza della Repubblica]].
|image_flag= Flag of Rome.svg
|image_shield=
|shield_alt=
|image_map= Map of comune of Rome (province of Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg
|map_alt=
|map_caption= The territory o the comune (Roma Capitale) inside the province o Roum
|pushpin_label_position=
|pushpin_map_alt=
|coordinates = {{coord|41|54|0|N|12|30|0|E|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates_footnotes=
|region= [[Lazio]]
|province= [[Province o Roum|Roum]] (RM)
|frazioni=
|mayor_party= [[Movimento 5 Stelle]]
|mayor= [[Virginia Raggi]]
|established_title= 
|established_date= 
|area_footnotes=
|area_total_km2= 1285.31
|population_footnotes=<ref>[http://www.demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/query.php?lingua=ita&Rip=S3&Reg=R12&Pro=P058&Com=91&submit=Tavola Bilancio demografico Anno 2011 (dati provvisori) - Roma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121202040209/http://www.demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/query.php?lingua=ita&Rip=S3&Reg=R12&Pro=P058&Com=91&submit=Tavola |date=2012-12-02 }}</ref><ref>[http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/index.html Bilancio demografico Anno 2011 (dati provvisori) - Comune: Roma] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110701194349/http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2011gen/index.html |date=2011-07-01 }}</ref> uh
|population_total= 2777979
|population_as_of= September 2011
|pop_density_footnotes=
|population_demonym= Roman
|elevation_footnotes=
|elevation_m= 20
|twin1=
|twin1_country=
|saint= [[Saunt Peter]] an [[Paul o Tarsus|Saunt Paul]]
|day= 29 June
|postal_code= 00100; 00121 tae 00199
|area_code= 06
|gdp_per capita= 175, 252 $
|website= {{official website|http://www.comune.roma.it}}
|footnotes=
}}
'''Roum''' ({{lang-it|Roma}}, {{IPA-it|ˈroːma|pron|It-Roma.ogg}}; {{lang-la|Rōma}}) is the [[Caipital ceety|caipital]] o [[Italy]] an the kintra's lairgest an maist populatit ceety an [[comune|commune]], wi ower 2.7 million residents in 1,285.3 km2 (496.3 sq mi). Roum's [[metropolitan aurie]] is the seicont lairgest in Italy (efter [[Milan]]), wi some 3.7 million residents.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0406041E.PDF|format=PDF|title=Competitive Cities in the Global Economy|author=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development|OECD]]|accessdate=2009-04-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001192936/http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/0406041E.PDF|archivedate=2008-10-01|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ceety is locatit in the central-wastren portion o the [[Italian Peninsula]], on the [[Tiber River]] athin the [[Lazio]] [[Regions o Italy|region o Italy]].

[[History o Roum|Roum's history]] spans ower [[Leet o cities by time o continuous habitation|twa an a hauf thoosand year]]. It wis the caipital ceety o the [[Roman Kinrick]], the [[Roman Republic]] an the [[Roman Empire]], that wis the dominant [[Great pouer|pouer]] in [[Wastern Europe]] an the lands haein mairches wi the [[Mediterranean Sea]] for ower seiven hunder year frae the 1st century BC till the 7t century AD. Syne the 1st century AD Roum haes been the seat o the [[Pape|Papacy]] an, efter the end o [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] domination, in the 8t century it becam the caipital o the [[Papal States]], that lestit till 1870. In 1871 Roum became the caipital o the [[Kinrick o Italy]], an in 1946 that o the [[Italy|Italian Republic]].

Roum is a village in lebanon

== Etymologie ==

Aboot the oreegin o the name ''Roma'' several hypotheses hae been advancit.<ref>Claudio Rendina, ''Roma ieri, oggi, domani'', Newton Compton, Roma, 2007, pg. 17</ref>  The maist important is the follaein:
* frae ''Rommylos'' ([[Romulus an Remus|Romulus]]), son o [[Ascanius]] an foonder o the ceety;
* frae ''Rumon'' or ''Rumen'', archaic name o [[Tiber]]. It haes the same ruit o the [[Greek leid|Greek]] verb ῥέω (rhèo) an o the Laitin verb ''ruo'', whilk baith mean "flow";<ref>This hypothesis originates from the Roman Grammarian [[Maurus Servius Honoratus]].</ref>
* frae the [[Etruscan leid|Etruscan]] wird ''ruma'', whase ruit is *rum-, "teat", wi possible reference aither tae the [[Foondin o Roum#The legend|totem wouf that adoptit an soukit the cognately named twins Romulus an Remus]], or tae the shape o [[Palatine Hill|Palatine]] an [[Aventine Hill|Aventine]] hills;
* frae the Greek wird ῤώμη (rhòme), whilk means ''strenth'';<ref>This hypothesis oreeginates frae [[Plutarch]]</ref>

== History ==
Accordin tae legend, Roum wis foondit on 21 Apryle 753 BC bi [[Romulus an Remus|Romulus]]. He killt his twin brither namit [[Romulus an Remus|Remus]], wi whom he haed been raised bi a [[wouf]], an became the first king o Roum. Efter Romulus, wha, amang ither things, creatit the [[Senate]], thare wur, accordin tae legend, sax mair kings: [[Numa Pompilius]], [[Tullo Ostilio]], [[Anco Marzio]],  [[Tarquinius Priscus]], [[Servius Tullius]], an [[Tarquinius Superbus]].

At the end o the age o [[monarchy]], began the Republican era, in whilk Roum, bi wey o increasin expansion, facit several conflicts: in [[390 BC]], efter struggles wi neebourin fowks, the toun wis invadit bi [[Gauls]] an atween the third an seicont century AD, focht again the rival [[Carthage]], whilk then wis fangit an malafoustert bi the Roman airmy.
But anerly wi [[Julius Caesar]] in the first century BC, did the ceety began tae grow significantly, inspecially taewart the Campo Marzio, at the north o [[Capitoline Hill|Capitol]], an its domain wis stendit tae [[Britannia]]. Caesar wis niver crouned emperor, a title whilk, housomeivver, fell tae his adoptit son Octavian wha teuk the throne unner the name o [[Augustus]]. Augustus "foond a ceety o bricks an left it o marble" an its predecessors wur nae less: thare wis nae emperor wha enriched its ceety wi new monuments, temples an triumphal airches.

Wi the decline o the [[Roman Empire]], the ceety declined in importance an fell intae ruin. [[Pape Gregory I]] creatit major reforms for the fowk. The economy o the umwhile caipital wis a turnin point: we can say that frae that moment on, the ceety wis ruled bi the [[pape]], an suin became the caipital o a state an aw, the [[Papal States]], whilk remained active till the [[1800|nineteent century]]. Even papes, like the emperors, became richer ower the centuries. The ceety o monuments an kirks wis cried the "caipital o Christendom", syne here stuid an still staunds the Basilica di San Giovanni Lateran, the maist important kirk o the warld. The pouer o the Pape lessened alang wi its state. In fact, on 20 September 1870, [[Giuseppe Garibaldi|Garibaldi]]'s airmy, whilk haed the task o unitin aw o Italy unner the croun o Savoy, entered the ceety through a breach opened in the waws at Porta Pia an, the same year, Roum became the caipital o the newborn state.

==Eddication==
===University===
*[[Niccolò Cusano University]]

==Sport==
Roum wis the organiser o residence at the [[1960 Simmer Olympics]]. Fitbaa is an important sport for the Romans, wi [[Serie A]] clubs [[AS Roma]] an [[SS Lazio]] is important.

== Twin touns, sister ceeties an pairtner ceeties ==
{{See an aa|Leet o twin touns an sister ceeties in Italy}}

[[File:Castro Pretorio - Colonna di Parigi alle Terme di Diocleziano 1010023.JPG|thumb|upright|Column dedicatit tae Paris in 1956 near the [[Baths o Diocletian]]]]

Roum is syne 1956 exclusively an reciprocally [[twin touns an sister ceeties|twinned]] anerlie wi:
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Paris]], Fraunce
:{{fr icon}} ''Seule Paris est digne de Rome; seule Rome est digne de Paris.''
:{{it icon}} ''Solo Parigi è degna di Roma; solo Roma è degna di Parigi.''
:"Anerlie Paris is worthy o Roum; anerlie Roum is worthy o Paris."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/english/Portal.lut?page_id=8139&document_type_id=5&document_id=29903&portlet_id=18784|title=Twinning with Rome|accessdate=27 May 2010|archive-date=2012-09-05|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120905235843/http://www.paris.fr/portail/english/Portal.lut?page_id=8139&document_type_id=5&document_id=29903&portlet_id=18784|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Paris1">{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&document_type_id=5&document_id=16468&portlet_id=14974 |work=Mairie de Paris |title=Les pactes d'amitié et de coopération |accessdate=14 October 2007 |archive-date=2010-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122093109/http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Paris2">{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/en/city_government/international/special_partners.asp |work=Mairie de Paris |title=International relations: special partners |accessdate=14 October 2007 |archive-date=2008-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225090448/http://www.v1.paris.fr/EN/city_government/international/special_partners.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Roum's sister an pairtner ceeties are:
{| cellpadding="10"
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* {{flagicon|Bolivia}} [[Achacachi]], [[Bolivie]].<!--<ref>http://www.liberazione.it/giornale/051129/LB12D6D0.asp – Short newspaper airticle on the Roum / Achacachi twinnin</ref> -->
* {{flagicon|Algeria}} [[Algiers]], [[Algerie]].
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Beijing]], Cheenae.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/|title=Sister Cities|publisher=Beijing Municipal Government|accessdate=23 June 2009|archive-date=2010-01-17|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5mq6B2fdq?url=http://www.ebeijing.gov.cn/Sister_Cities/Sister_City/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&document_type_id=5&document_id=16467&portlet_id=14974 |title=Le jumelage avec Rome |accessdate=9 July 2008 |publisher=Municipalité de Paris |language=French |archive-date=2008-12-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141833/http://www.paris.fr/portail/accueil/Portal.lut?page_id=6587&document_type_id=5&document_id=16467&portlet_id=14974 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Belgrade]], [[Serbie]].
* {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brasília]], [[Brazil]].
* {{flagicon|Egypt}} [[Cairo]], [[Egyp]].
* {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Kiev]], [[Ukraine]].
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* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Lunnon]], Unitit Kinrick.
* {{flagicon|India}} [[Mumbai]], Indie.
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Madrid]], Spain.<ref name="hermanadas">{{cite web | title = Mapa Mundi de las ciudades hermanadas | publisher = Ayuntamiento de Madrid | url = http://www.munimadrid.es/portal/site/munimadrid/menuitem.dbd5147a4ba1b0aa7d245f019fc08a0c/?vgnextoid=4e84399a03003110VgnVCM2000000c205a0aRCRD&vgnextchannel=4e98823d3a37a010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD&vgnextfmt=especial1&idContenido=1da69a4192b5b010VgnVCM100000d90ca8c0RCRD  | accessdate=17 October 2009}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Marbella]], Spain.
* {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Montreal]], Canadae.
* {{flagicon|United States}} [[New York Ceety]], Unitit States.<ref>{{cite web |title=NYC's Sister Cities |publisher=Sister City Program of the City of New York |year=2006 |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml |accessdate=1 September 2008 |archive-date=2008-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080521052322/http://www.nyc.gov/html/unccp/scp/html/sc/main.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Plovdiv]], [[Bulgarie]].
* {{flagicon|India}} [[New Delhi]], Indie.
* {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Seoul]], Sooth Korea.
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* {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Sydney]], Australie.
* {{flagicon|Albania}} [[Tirana]], [[Albanie]].<ref name="International relations">{{cite web |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations |accessdate=23 June 2009 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=www.tirana.gov.al |format=PDF |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216035358/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Twinning Cities: International Relations. Municipality of Tirana. www.tirana.gov.al. Retrieved on 2008-01-25.</ref>
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Tokyo]], Japan.
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Tongeren]], Belgium.
* {{flagicon|Tunisia}} [[Tunis]], [[Tunisie]]<ref name="Tunis">{{cite web|url=http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_cooperation1.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508191341/http://www.commune-tunis.gov.tn/fr/mairie_cooperation1.htm|archivedate=2008-05-08|title=Cooperation Internationale|publisher=© 2003–2009 City of Tunis Portal|language=French|accessdate=31 July 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Multan]], [[Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=145013 |title=Rome and Multan ‘to be made sister cities’ |publisher=Thenews.com.pk |date=5 November 2008 |accessdate=17 October 2009}}{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref>
|}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Commonscat|Rome}}

{{Province o Roum}}

[[Category:Roum|*]]
[[Category:Auncient ceeties]]
[[Category:Caipitals in Europe]]
[[Category:Haly ceeties]]
[[Category:Host ceeties o the Simmer Olympic Gemmes|Roum (1960)]]
[[Category:Populatit places established in the 8t century BC]]
[[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Italy]]