Euornithes

Euornithes Temporal range: Early Cretaceous–Present, 130.7–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Fossil specimen of Hongshanornis longicresta
Scientific classification
Kinrick:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Cless:	Aves
Clade:	Ornithothoraces
Clade:	Euornithes Cope, 1889
Subgroups
†Archaeorhynchus †Chaoyangia †Schizooura †Jianchangornis †Zhongjianornis Ornithuromorpha †Alamitornis? †Apsaravis †Ambiortus †Bellulornis †Changzuiornis †Eogranivora †Gansus †Gargantuavis †Hollanda †Iteravis †Jiuquanornis †Mengciusornis †Patagopteryx †Vorona †Hongshanornithidae †Songlingornithidae Ornithurae An see text

Euornithes (frae Greek ευόρνιθες euórnithes meanin "true bird") is a natural group that includes the maist recent common ancestor o aw avialans closer tae modren fouls nor tae Sinornis.

Description

Clarke et al. (2006) fund that the maist primitive kent euornithians (tha Yanornithiformes) haed a mosaic o advancit an early featurs. These species retainit primitive featurs siclik gastralia (belly ribs) an a pubic symphysis. They forby shawit the first fully modren pygostyles, an the type specimen o Yixianornis (IVPP 13631) preserves aicht elongated rectrices (tail feathers) in a modren arrangement. Nae earlier pygostylians are kent that preserve a fan o tail feathers o this kind; insteid, they shaw anely paired plumes or a tuft o short feathers.

Classification

The name Euornithes haes buin uised fur a wide variety o avialan groups syne it wis first cried bi Edward Drinker Cope in 1889. It wis first defined as a clade in 1998 by Paul Sereno, that made it the group o aw animals closer tae fouls nor tae Enantiornithes (represented by Sinornis). This defineetion fir the noo includes similar content as anither aft uised name, Ornithuromorpha, cried an defined bi Luis Chiappe in 1999 as the common ancestor o Patagopteryx, Vorona, an Ornithurae, forby aw o its descendants. Acause ane defineetion is node-based an the ither branch-based, Ornithuromorpha is a slichtly less inclusive group.

Relationships

The cladogram ablo follaes the results o a phylogenetic analysis bi Lee et al., 2014:

Ornithothoraces	†Enantiornithes   Euornithes   †Archaeorhynchus       †Jianchangornis       †Zhongjianornis       †Chaoyangia       †Schizooura   Ornithuromorpha     †Patagopteryx     †Vorona         †Ambiortus       †Songlingornithidae       †Hongshanornithidae       †Apsaravis       †Gansus       †Hollanda   Ornithurae   †Ichthyornis       †Hesperornithes       †Limenavis     Aves (modren fouls)

Ither genera

The follaein is a leet o early euornithian genera an thon that canna be siccarly refert tae any subgroups, follaein Holtz (2011) unless itherweys notit.

• †Alamitornis
• †Changmaornis
• †Changzuiornis
• †Dingavis
• †Gargantuavis
• †Horezmavis
• †Iteravis
• †Juehuaornis
• †Platanavis
• †Wyleyia?
• †Yumenornis
• †Xinghaiornis
• †Zhyraornis

Note that Holtz includit the genera Eurolimnornis an Piksi as euornitheans an aw, tho they hae syne been re-identified as pterosaurs.

Ither wabsteids

Media relatit tae Euornithes at Wikimedia Commons

Media relatit tae Euornithes fossils at Wikimedia Commons