See soorce fer Snooker

{{fixscots|date=Januar 2021}}

{{short description|Cue sport}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox sport
| image     = Snooker table selby.JPG
| imagesize = 300px
| caption   = Three-time warld champion [[Mark Selby]] playin a practice game
| union     = [[Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association|WPBSA]]<br />[[International Billiards an Snooker Federation|IBSF]]
| first     = 1870 i Indie
| contact   = Non-contact
| category  = [[Cue sports|Cue sport]]
| equipment = Snooker table, [[Billiard ball#Snooker|snooker balls]], [[cue stick]], triangle, chalk
| venue = Snooker table
| olympic   = [[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] recognition<ref name="Snookerolympic" />
| IWGA       = [[2001 Warld Games|2001]]{{snds}}present
}}

'''Snooker''' (pronountit {{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|s|n|uː|k|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|ˈ|s|n|ʊ|k|ər}})<ref name="Macmillan British" /><ref name="Macmillan American" /> i a [[cue sports|cue sport]] tha originatit amang [[Breetish Armie]] officer stationed i [[Indie]] i the second hauf o the 19t century. It is played on a rectangular table covered wi a green cloth (or "baize"), wi pockets at ilka the fower corners an i the middle o ilka lang side. Uisin a {{Ill|cue stick|en}} an 21 coloured baws, players maun strike the white baw (or "cue baw") tae pot or pocket tha remainin bawls i the correct sequence, accumulatin pynts fur each pot. An individual gemme (or frame), is won bi the player scorin the maist pynts. A match i won whan a player wins a predetermined batch o frames.

Snooker gained identity in 1884 whan armie officer {{ill|Sir Neville Chamberlain|en|Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain}}, stationed in [[Ooty]], [[Tamil Nadu]], devised a set o rules that combined {{ill|pyramid|en|pyramid pool}} an {{ill|black puil|en|black pool}}. The wird ''snooker'' wis a lang-uised military term fur inexperienced or first-year personnel. The gemme grew i popularity i the United Kingdom, an the {{ill|Billiards Association an Control Club|en}} wis formed i 1919. It i noo governed bi the [[Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association]] (WPBSA).

The [[Warld Snooker Championship]] haes taken place syne [[1927 Warld Snooker Championship|1927]]. {{Ill|Joe Davis|en}}, a key figure i the early growthe o the sport, won the championship 15 straucht times atween 1927 an 1946. The "modern era" began in 1969 efter the broadcaster [[BBC]] commissioned the snooker telly show ''[[Pot Black]]'' an later began tae air the Warld Championship in [[1978 Warld Snooker Championship|1978]]. Key figures i the gemme war [[Ray Reardon]] i the 1970s, [[Steve Davis]] i the 1980s, an [[Stephen Hendry]] i the 1990s, ilka winnin sax or mair Warld championships. Syne 2000, [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] haes won the maist warld titles, wi five. Top professional players noo compete regularly aroond the warld an earn millions o pounds on the [[Warld Snooker Tour]], which features players frae across the warld.

== History ==
[[File:Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain.png|thumb|right|upright|[[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]], a Breetish Army officer who devised the gemme an its rules in the late 19t century]]
The origin o snooker dates back tae the latter hauf o the 19t century.<ref name="origins" /> In the 1870s, [[English billiards]] wis a popular activity amang [[Breetish Army]] officers stationed i [[Indie]], an several variations o the gemme war devised durin this time.<ref name="origins" /> Ane variation that originatit a the officers' mess o the 11t [[Devonshire Regiment]] in 1875<ref name="heritage2008" /> combined the rules o twa [[pocket billiards]] games: {{ill|pyramid|en|pyramid pool}} an {{ill|black puil|en|black pool}}.<ref name="Neville Chamberlain disambiguation" /><ref name="FullHistory" /> The umwhile wis played wi 15 reid coloured baws poseetioned i a triangle, while the latter involved the pottin o designatit bawls.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="Shamos 1994" /> The gemme wis developit i 1884 whan its first set o rules wis finalised bi [[Neville Francis Fitzgerald Chamberlain|Sir Neville Chamberlain]],{{efn|not the [[Neville Chamberlain|Prime Minister]] o the same name}} an English army officer who helped develop an popularise the gemme at Stone House in [[Ooty]] on a table biggit bi Burroughes & Watts that wis brocht ower bi boat.<ref name="telegraph2014" />

The wird ''snooker'' wis a slang term fur first-year cadets an inexperienced military personnel, but Chamberlain wad eften uise it fur the performance o ane o his fellae officers a the table.<ref name="origins" /> In 1887, snooker wis gien its first definit reference i England i a copy o ''[[Sporting Life (Breetish newspaper)|Sporting Life]]'' which caused a growthe in popularity.<ref name="heritage2008" /> Chamberlain came out as the gemme's inventor in a letter tae ''[[The Field (magazine)|The Field]]'' published on 19 Mairch 1938, 63 years efter the fact.<ref name="heritage2008" />

Snooker grew i popularity across the Indian colonies an the United Kingdom, but it remained a gemme mainly fur the gentry, an mony gentlemen's clubs that haed a billiards table wad nae allou non-members inside tae play.<ref name="heritage2008" /> Tae accommodate the growin interest, smawer an mair open snooker-specific clubs war formed.<ref name="heritage2008" /> In 1919, the Billiards Association an the Billiards Control Buird merged tae form the [[Billiards Association an Control Club]] (BA&CC) an a new, staundart set o rules fur snooker first became offeecial.{{sfn|Gadsby|Williams|2012|p=8}}

In [[1927 Warld Snooker Championship|1927]] the first [[Warld Snooker Championship]] wis organised bi [[Joe Davis]].<ref name="origins" />{{efn|The event wis known then a the Professional Snooker Championship.<ref name="ProfessionalChampionship" />}} Davis, a professional [[English billiards]] an snooker player, moved the gemme frae a pastime tae a professional activity.<ref name="CnVTimeline" /> Davis won every warld championship until 1946, whan he retired frae the championships.<ref name="5J29x" /> The gemme went inna a decline throu the 1950s an 1960s wi little interest generatit ootside o thae who played.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="smhday6" /> In 1959, Davis introduced a variation o the gemme kent as "[[Snooker Plus]]" tae try tae improve the gemme's popularity bi addin twa extra colours, but this failed tae gain interest.<ref name="day1">{{cite news |newspaper=[[The Glasgow Herald]] |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p3dAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2895%2C8253550 |date=27 October 1959 |page=10 |title=Snooker Plus |access-date=27 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505071329/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=p3dAAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dKMMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2895,8253550 |archive-date=5 May 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=27 October 1959 |page=17 |title=J Davis launches Snooker Plus}}</ref>
In 1969, [[David Attenborough]] commissioned the snooker telly series ''[[Pot Black]]'' tae demonstrate the potential o colour telly, wi the green table an multi-coloured bawls bein ideal fur showin off the advantages o colour broadcastin.<ref name="FullHistory" /><ref name="news_BBCS" /><ref name="Cue China" /> The series became a ratings success an wis fur a time the second-maist popular shaw on [[BBC Twa]].<ref name="FCS-PB" /> Interest i the gemme increased an the [[1978 Warld Snooker Championship]] wis the first tae be fully televised.<ref name="commonwealth" /><ref name="OTT-40" /> The gemme quickly became a mainstream gemme i the [[United Kingdom]],<ref name="GuardianThatch" /> [[Ireland]] an much o the Commonwealth, an haes enjoyed much success syne the late 1970s, wi maist o the rankin toornaments bein televised.<ref name="FullHistory" /> Bi the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] a tot o 18.5&nbsp;million viewer watched the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] atween [[Dennis Taylor]] an [[Steve Davis]], a record viewership fur the United Kingdom fur ony broadcast efter midnight.<ref name="dsoH1" /><ref name="inde_Grea" /> In the early 2000s, a ban on tobacco advertisin led tae a decrease i the nummer o professional tournamen,<ref name="GuardianSponsor" /> wi professional toornaments bein cut tae anly 15 events i 2003, frae 22 i 1999.<ref name="snoo_WWWS" /><ref name="snoo_WWWS_GThzD" /> Houiver, the popularity o the gemme in Asia, wi emergin talents sic as [[Liang Wenbo]] an mair established players sic as [[Ding Junhui]] an [[Marco Fu]], boosted the sport i the Far East.<ref name="BeebDing2" /><ref name="BeebDing1" /> Bi 2007, the BBC dedicated 400 oors tae snooker coverage, compared tae juist 14 minutes 40 years earlier.<ref name="gE3Ec" />

In 2010, promoter [[Barry Hearn]] gained a controllin interest in Warld Snooker Ltd. an the [[Warld Snooker Tour]], pledgin tae revitalise the "moribund" professional gemme.<ref name="fUEoB" /><ref name="peHgu" /><ref name="theg_Barr" /> Syne this time, the nummer o professional toornaments haes increased, wi 44 events i the 2019/20 season.<ref name="snoo_Cale" /> Events hae been made tae be mair suitable fur telly broadcasts an aw, sic a the [[Snooker Shoot-Out]], a timed, ane-{{cuegloss|frame}} toornament.<ref name="worl_2019" /> Prize money fur professional events haes increased an aw, wi tap players makin several million pounds durin thair careers.<ref name="IFuYf" /> The winner o the [[2020 Warld Snooker Championship]] will receive £500,000 out o a tot fund o £2,395,000.<ref name="Prize" />

== Rules ==
=== Objective ===
[[File:Snooker table drawing 2.svg|thumb|Snooker table wi bawls placed i thair startin poseetion. At the stairt o the gemme, the cue ball (white) mai be placed anywhere i the semicircle, kent as the "D".]]
[[File:To pot the red.jpg|thumb|A gemme played on a hauf-size table. The player i strikin at the cue ball tae pot a reid ball intae the corner pocket.]]

The objective o the gemme i tae score mair pynts than ane's opponent bi pottin bawls in the correct order. At the stairt o a frame, the bawls are poseetioned as shawn i Figure A, an the players then tak turns hittin shots bi strikin the "cue bawl" wi the [[cue stick]], thair aim bein tae pot ane o the reid bawls (or "red") intae a pocket an tharebi score a pynt. Failure tae mak contact wi the reid constitutes a fowl shot.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> If the striker pots a reid, thay maun then pot ane o the sax "colours". If the player sonsie-like pots a colour, the vailyie o that ball i addit tae the player's score, an the baw i returned tae its startin poseetion on the table. Efter that, the player must pot anither reid, then anither colour, in sequence. This process continues until the striker fails tae pot the desired ball, at which pynt the opponen comes tae the table tae play the next shot.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> The act o scorin sequentially in this manner i tae mak a brak (see scorin ablo).<ref name="wsrulessnooker" />

[[File:Snooker break.ogv|thumb|Computer simulation o a snooker brak-off shot]]

The gemme conteenas in this manner til aw reidsis pottit an anly the sax colours is left on the table.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> At this pynt the colours must be potted in the order frae least tae maist vailyiable baw, as per the table tae the richt. The shots are: yellae (twa pynts), green (three pynts), broun (fower pynts), blue (five pynts), pink (sax pynts) an black (seiven pynts), the baws nae bein returned tae play.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> Whan the final ball i potted, the player wi mair pynts wins.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> If the scores is equal whan all the balls hae been potted, the black i placed back on its spot as a [[tiebreaker]]. In this situation, cried re-spotted black, the black ball i placed on its designated spot an the cue baw is played as baw in haund. The referee then tosses a coin an the winner decides whit player gaes first. The frame continues until ane o the players pots the black baw or commits a foul.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> A player mey concede a frame while on strike an aw if he or she thinks thare are nae eneuch pynts available on the table tae beat the opponen's score. In professional snooker this i a common occurrence.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /><ref name="rule_Snoo" />
Professional an competitive amateur matches are officiated bi a referee. The referee replaces the colours on the table whan necessar an caws oot hou mony pynts the player haes scored durin a brak an aw.<ref name="Scorboard" /> Professional players uisually plays the gemme in a sportin manner, declarin fouls at thay hae committed but the referee haes missed,<ref name="belf_Mark" /> acknowledgin guid shots frae thair opponent, an haudin up a haund fur tae apologise fur fortunate shots, kent as "flukes".<ref name="belf_Mark" />

=== Scorin ===
Pynts in snooker is gained frae pottin the correct baws in sequence. The tot nummer o consecutive pynts (excludin fouls) that a player amasses durin ane veesit tae the table is kent as a brak. A player attainin a brak o 15, fur ensaumple, coud hae reached it bi pottin a reid then a black, then a reid then a pink, afore failin tae pot the next reid. A [[maximum brak]] in snooker is achieved bi pottin aw reids wi blacks then aw colours, yieldin 147 pynts; this is eften kent as a "147" or juist as a "maximum".<ref name="BBC147" />

{| class="wikitable floatright"
! colspan="2"| Colour
! Value
|-
|Red
|bgcolor="#ff0000" style="width:2ex;"|
|1 pynt
|-
|Yellae
|bgcolor="#ffff00"|
|2 pynts
|-
|Green
|bgcolor="#00c000"|
|3 pynts
|-
|Broun
|bgcolor="#996633"|
|4 pynts
|-
|Blue
|bgcolor="#0000ff"|
|5 pynts
|-
|Pink
|bgcolor="#fb5f87"|
|6 pynts
|-
|Black
|bgcolor="#000000"|
|7 pynts
|}

Pynts mey be scored in a gemme whan a player's opponent fouls an aw. A foul can occur fur various reasons, maist commonly fur failin tae hit the correct ball (e.g. hittin a colour first whan the player wis attemptin tae hit a reid), or fur sendin the cue bawl inna pocket. The umwhile mey occur whan the player fails tae escape frae a "snooker"&nbsp;– a situation in that the previous player leaves the cue ball poseetioned sic that no legal bawl can be struck directly withoot obstruction bi an illegal bawl. Pynts gained frae a foul vary frae a minimum o fower tae a maximum o seiven if the black bawl i involved.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" />

A foul shot that leaves nae valid shot fur the opponent can leave them a "free baw". A free bawl allows a player tae uise ony ither coloured baw in place o the shot thay war supposed tae play. Doin sae wi all 15 reid bals in play can result in a brak exceedin a maximum, wi the heichest possible bein a [[Maximum brak#Breaks exceedin 147|155 break]], achieved via the opponen leavin a free baw, wi the black bein potted as the additional colour, an then pottin 15 reids an blacks wi the colours.<ref name="wsrulessnooker" /> {{ill|Jamie Cope|en}} haes the distinction o bein the first player in snooker history tae post a verified 155 brak, achieved in a practice frame in 2005, wi ither players sic as {{ill|Alex Higgins|en}} claimin tae hae made a seemilar brak an aw.<ref name="belf_Alex" /><ref name="pund_147I" />

Ane gemme, frae the balls in thair startin poseetion until the last bawl i potted, is cried a "frame". A match generally consists o a predetermined nummer o frames an the player who wins the maist frames wins the match. Maist professional matches require a player tae win five frames, an are cried "best-of-nine" in reference tae the maximum possible nummer o frames. toornament finals are uisually best-o-17 or best-o-19, while the warld championship uses langer matches&nbsp;– rangin frae best-o-19 in the qualifiers an the first roond up tae best-o-35 fur the final (first tae 18), an is played ower fower sessions o play held ower twa days.<ref name="BBCWSN1" />

== Governance an tournaments ==
The [[Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association]] (WPBSA, kent as Warld Snooker forby), fountit in 1968 as the Professional Billiard Players' Association,<ref name="wpbsafounding" /> i the governin body fur the professional competeetion.<ref name="biggestbreak" /><ref name="infighting2" /><ref name="infighting3" /> The amateur gemme (includin youth competeetion) is governed bi the [[International Billiards an Snooker Federation]] (IBSF).<ref name="ibsf" /> Events held specifically fur women an events fur seniors are handled bi warld Snooker unner [[warld Women's Snooker]] an the [[warld Seniors Tour]], respectively.<ref name="LANCS" /><ref name="J3Vse" /><ref name="worl_WPBS" />

=== Tournaments ===
==== Professional ====
Professional snooker players play on the Warld Snooker Tour. Events on the Tour are anly open tae players on the Tour an selected amateur players, but maist events require qualification. Players can qualify fur the Tour aither bi bein heich eneuch on the warld rankins frae prior seasons, winnin continental championships, or throu the [[Challenge Tour (snooker)|Challenge Tour]] or {{ill|Q School|de}} events.<ref name="qualifortour" /> Players on the Tour generally gain twa-year participation fur the events.<ref name="qualifortour" />

The Tour haes an offeecial warld rankins scheme an aw, wi anly players on the Tour receivin a rankin. {{ill|rankin points|en|Snooker warld rankins}}, earned bi players throu thair performances ower the previous twa seasons, determine the current warld rankins.<ref name="WSrankinchart" /> A player's rankin determines what level o qualification he or she requires fur specific toornaments. The elite o professional snooker are generally regartit as the "top-16" rankin players.<ref name="top16-1" /> Thay are nae required tae pre-qualify fur some o the toornaments, sic as the [[Shanghai Masters (snooker)|Shanghai Masters]], the [[Masters (snooker)|Masters]] an the Warld Snooker Championship.<ref name="top16-2" /> Certaint ither events, sic as thae in the [[Coral Cup (snooker)|Coral Cup series]], uise the ane-year rankin leet tae qualify; thir uise the results o the current season tae denote participants.<ref name="news_Cora" /> Currently, the Tour contains 125 players, wi players aither in the tap-64 on the offeecial rankin leet, or finishin as ane o the tap aicht prize money earners durin the maist recent season, guaranteed a tour place fur the next season, this bein assessed efter the Warld Championship.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wpbsa.com/tour-survival-2019-five-to-go/ |title=Tour Survival 2019: Five to Go |publisher=warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association |date= |website=wpbsa.com |access-date=7 December 2019}}</ref>

[[File:warld Snooker Championship Trophy edited.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Warld Snooker Championship]] trophy]]
The auldest professional snooker toornament is the Warld Championship,<ref name="wsc1" /> held annually syne 1927 (except durin [[Warld War II]] an atween 1958 an 1963).<ref name="warld Snooker list" /><ref name="vDR55" /> The toornament haes been held at the [[Crucible Theatre]] in [[Sheffield]], England, syne 1977, an wis sponsored bi [[Imperial Tobacco|Embassy]] frae 1976 tae 2005.<ref name="GuardianSponsor" /> Syne the ban on advertisin tobacco products, the championships hae been sponsored bi bettin companies.<ref name="sponsor" /><ref name="Np1Uq" /><ref name="cgzeF" />

The Warld Championship i the maist heichly valued prize in professional snooker<ref name="wcvalue" /> i terms o financial reward (£500,000 fur the winner, formerly £300,000), rankin pynts an prestige.<ref name="wcprizemoney" /><ref name="earnings_and_era_dominance" /> It is televised extensively in the UK bi the [[BBC]]<ref name="bbc_deal" /> an gains significant coverage in Europe on [[Eurosport]]<ref name="eurosport_deal" /> an in East Asia on [[CCTV-5]].<ref name="worl_Tour" /> The Warld Championships is pairt o the [[Triple Crown (snooker)|Triple Crown]] alang wi the [[UK Championship (snooker)|UK Championship]] an the non-rankin Masters.<ref name="dottmasters" /> Thir events are valued bi some players as the maist prestigious, an are some o the auldest competitions an aw. Winnin all three events is a difficult task, an haes anly been done bi 11 players.<ref name="top16-1" /><ref name="dottmasters" /><ref name="QqJ6D" />

Wi some events havin been criticised fur matches takin too lang,<ref name="yawn" /> an alternative series o timed toornaments haes been organised bi {{ill|Matchroom Sport|en}} chairman {{ill|Barry Hearn|en}}. The shot-timed {{ill|Premier League Snooker|en}} wis established, wi seiven players invitit tae compete at regular United Kingdom venues, televised on [[Sky Sports]].<ref name="earnings_and_era_dominance" /> Players haed twinty-five seconds tae tak each shot, wi five time-outs per player per match. While some success wis achieved wi this format, it generally dinna receive the same amount o press attention or status as the regular rankin toornaments.<ref name="yawn" /> This event haes been taken oot o the tour syne 2013, whan the {{ill|Champion o Champions|en|Champion o Champions (snooker)}} wis established.<ref name="en.e_O'Su" /> The Champion o Champions sea players qualify bi virtue o winnin ither events in the season, wi 16 champions competin.<ref name="cham_Cham" />{{efn|Under certain circumstances, some runners-up participate at the event.<ref name="cham_Cham" />
}}

In 2015, the Warld Professional Billiards an Snooker Association submitted an unsuccessful bid fur snooker tae be played at the [[2020 Summer Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]], Japan.<ref name="ghz8N" /><ref name="eN1gH" /> Anither bid haes been put forrit fur [[2024 Summer Olympics]] throu the Warld Snooker Federation, foondit in 2017.<ref name="KpBpW" /><ref name="T9wCo" /> A trial fur the format fur cue sports tae be played at the 2024 games wis put forrit at the {{ill|2019 Warld Team Trophy|en|2019 warld Team Trophy (cue sports)}}, featurin [[nine-ball]] an [[carom billiards]] an aw.<ref name="azbi_Inau" /> Snooker haes been contested at the [[Warld Games]] syne 2001, an wis included as an event at the 2019 Africaen Games.<ref name="jtHKc" /><ref name="eN7hQ" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1074080/snooker-to-feature-as-medal-event-at-2019-african-games-in-morocco |title=Snooker to feature as medal event at 2019 African Games in Morocco |date=11 January 2019 |publisher=Inside the Games |access-date=8 December 2019 |archive-date=2 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802213523/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1074080/snooker-to-feature-as-medal-event-at-2019-african-games-in-morocco |first=Michael |last=Pavitt}}</ref>

=== Criticisms ===
Several players, sic as Ronnie O'Sullivan, [[Mark Allen (snooker player)|Mark Allen]] an {{ill|Steve Davis|en}}, hae warned that thare are too mony toornaments durin the season, an that players risk burnin out.<ref name="JrHL1" /> In 2012, O'Sullivan played fewer toornaments in order tae spend mair time wi his childer, an ended the 2012–13 season ranked 19t in the warld.<ref name="JrHL1" /> Furthermore, he dinna play ony toornament in 2013 except the Warld Championship, which he won.<ref name="JrHL1" /> O'Sullivan haes suggestit that a "breakaway tour" wi fewer events wad be beneficial tae the sport, but as o 2019 no sic tour haes been organised.<ref name="bbc._Ronn" />

Some leagues hae allowed clubs tae refuse tae accept women players in toornaments.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="bIhfn" /> League committee leadership defended the practice, saying, "If we lose two o these clubs [wi the men-only policies] we would lose four teams an we can't afford to lose four teams otherwise we would hae no league."<ref name=":0" /> A Warld Women's Snooker spokesperson said, "It is disappointin an unacceptable that in 2019 that players such as {{ill|Rebecca Kenna|en}} hae been the victim o antiquated discriminatory practices."<ref name=":1" /> The [[All-Party Parliamentary Group]] said, "The group believes that bein prevented frae playin in a club because o gender is archaic."<ref name=":1" />

== Equipment ==
[[File:London - Royal Automobile Club - 3024.jpg|thumb|right|Cue-tip chalk, cue, white chalk-buird chalk, an a slidin score-keeper]]
The [[#Equipment|Accessories]] uised fur snooker include chalk fur the tip o the cue, rests o various sorts uised fur playin shots that canna be played bi haund, a triangle tae rack the reds, an a scoreboard. Ane drawback o snooker on a full-size ({{convert|12|×|6|ft|cm|abbr=on|disp=sqbr|0}}) table i the size o the room ({{convert|22|x|16|ft|m|disp=sqbr}}), which i the minimum required fur comfortable cuein room on all sides.<ref name="roomsize" /> This leemits the nummer o locations in which the gemme can easy be played. While puil tables are common tae mony pubs, snooker tends tae be played aither in private surroundins or in public snooker halls. The gemme can be played on smawer tables usin fewer reid bawls an aw. Variant table sizes include {{convert|10|×|5|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|9|×|4.5|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|8|×|4|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}, {{convert|6|×|3|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}} (the smallest fur realistic play) an {{convert|4|×|2|ft|cm|abbr=on|0}}. Smawer tables can come in a variety o styles, sic as fold-away or dining-table convertible.<ref name="snoo_Pool" />

A traditional snooker scoreboard resembles an [[abacus]] an records the score fur each frame in units an twenties an the frame scores. Thay are teepically attached tae a wall bi the snooker table. A semple scorin bead is whiles uised an aw, cried a "scorin string", or "scorin wire".<ref name="Scorboard" /> Each bead (segment o the string) represents a single pynt. Snooker players teepically muive ane or several beads wi thair cue.<ref name="Scorboard" />

The playin surface, 356.9&nbsp;cm (11&nbsp;feet 8.5&nbsp;inches) bi 177.8&nbsp;cm (5&nbsp;feet 10&nbsp;inches) fur a staundart full-size table, wi sax pocket holes, ane at each corner an ane at the centre o each o the langer side cushions.<ref name="equipment">{{cite web |title=Cuesport equipment |author= |work=ActiveSG |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.myactivesg.com/Sports/Billiards-and-Snooker/How-To-Play/Billiards-and-Snooker-for-Beginners/Cuesport-equipment |quote=}}</ref> The fully oo cloth is uisually green, wi a directional nap runnin frae the baulk end o the table towards the end wi the black bawl spot. The cloth is eften cried "baize"; awtho true baize is a lawer quality cloth whiles uised on puil tables. The nap will affect the direction o the cue ball dependin on which direction the cue ball is shot an on whether left or right side (spin) is placed on the ball. Even if the cue bawl is hit in exactly the same wey, the nap will cause a different effect dependin on whether the bawl is hit doun table (towards the black ball spot) or up table (towards the baulk line). The cloth on a snooker table i nae vacuumed, as this can destroy the nap. The cloth is brushed in a straucht line frae the baulk end tae the far end wi multiple brush strokes that are straucht in direction (i.e. nae across the table). Some table men will then drag a dampened cloth wrapped aroond a short piece o buird (lik a [[Dimensional lumber#Dimensional lumber|twa bi fower]]), or straucht back o a brush tae collect ony remainin fine dust an help lay the nap doun. The table is then ironed. Strachan cloth, uised in offeecial snooker toornaments, i 100% oo. Some ither cloths include a smaw percentage o nylon.<ref name="ILdhT" /><ref name="Cues Cues" />

== Notable players ==
{{See an aw|Century break#List o players wi over 100 century breaks|l2=List o snooker players wi over 100 century breaks}}

In the professional era that began wi [[Joe Davis]] i the 1930s an continues until the present day, a relatively smaw nummer o players hae succeeded at the tap level.<ref name="number1" /><ref name="hardwork" /> Joe Davis wis warld champion fur twinty years, retirin unbeaten efter claimin his fifteenth warld title in 1946 whan the toornament wis reinstated efter the [[Second Warld War]].<ref name="Joe Davis">{{cite web |last=Turner |first=Chris |title=Player Profile – Joe Davis OBE |publisher=Chris Turner's Snooker Archive |url=http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Players/DavisJ.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510053844/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Players/DavisJ.html |archive-date=10 May 2012 |access-date=15 June 2011}}</ref> Davis wis unbeaten in Warld Championship play, an wis anly ever beaten fower times in his entire life, wi all fower defeats comin efter his Warld Championship retirement an inflicted bi his ain brither {{ill|Fred Davis|en|Fred Davis (snooker player)}}.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> He did lose matches in handicapped toornaments, but on level terms thir fower defeats war the anly losses o his entire career.<ref name="2QWfZ" /> He wis warld billiards champion an aw.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> It is regarded as heichly unlikely that anyone will ever dominate the gemme tae this level again.<ref name="tw9Wu" />

Efter Davis retired frae Warld Championship play, the next dominant force wis his younger brither Fred Davis, who haed lost the {{ill|1940 Warld Snooker Championship|en|1940 warld Snooker Championship}} final tae Joe.<ref name="Joe Davis" /> Bi 1947, Fred Davis wis deemed ready bi his brither tae tak ower the mantle, but lost the warld final tae the Scotsman [[Walter Donaldson]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Davis just misses warld record |work=Western Daily Press |date=22 October 1947 |access-date=18 March 2016 |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000513/19471022/013/0002 |via=[[British Newspaper Archive]] |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Davis an Donaldson wud contest the next fower finals. Efter the abandonment o the Warld Championship in 1953, wi the 1952 final boycotted bi Breetish professionals, the [[Warld Professional Match-play Championship]] became the unofficial warld championship.<ref name="D80WD" /> Fred Davis won the event every year until its penultimate ane, in 1957, which he dinna enter.<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk">{{cite web |last=Turner |first=Chris |title=warld Professional Championship |url=http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/warld.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416080933/http://www.cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/warld.html |archive-date=16 April 2013 |work=cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk |publisher=Chris Turner's Snooker Archive |access-date=24 February 2011}}</ref>

[[John Pulman]] wis the maist successfu player o the 1960s, whan the [[1964–68 warld Snooker Championships|warld championship]] wis contested on a challenge basis.<ref name="GSC1964">{{cite web |title=warld Championship 1964 |url=http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-snooker-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-1964.asp |publisher=Global Snooker |access-date=19 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110310181405/http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-snooker-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-1964.asp |archive-date=2011-03-10 |url-status=dead |df=}}</ref> Houiver, whan the toornament reverted tae a knockout formula in 1969, he dinna prosper. [[Ray Reardon]] became the dominant force in the 1970s, winnin sax titles (1970, 1973–1976 an 1978), wi [[John Spencer (snooker player)|John Spencer]] winnin three.<ref>{{cite web |last=Nunns |first=Hector |title=Before the Crucible |url=http://www.inside-snooker.com/snooker/2014/4/8/before-the-crucible |publisher=Inside Snooker |access-date=29 January 2016 |date=8 April 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204210827/http://www.inside-snooker.com/snooker/2014/4/8/before-the-crucible |archive-date=4 February 2016 |df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=24 April 1976 |page=15 |title=Snooker – Reardon's a class above rest|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_los-angeles-times_1976-04-24_95/page/15 }}</ref>

[[Steve Davis]]' first warld title in 1981 made him anly the 11t warld champion syne 1927, includin the winner o the boycotted 1952 title, Horace Lindrum.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=21 April 1981 |page=1 |title=Champion at 23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=7 April 1981 |page=10 |title=Snooker – Davis can beat the system|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_1981-04-07_not-available/page/10 }}</ref> Davis wad win sax warld Championships (1981, 1983, 1984 an 1987–1989), an competit in the maist watched snooker match ever, the [[1985 Warld Snooker Championship]] final wi [[Dennis Taylor]].<ref name="BBC 1985 bbf">{{cite news |title=1985: The black ball final |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |publisher=[[BBC Sport]] |access-date=4 May 2011 |date=18 April 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928235825/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |archive-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> [[Stephen Hendry]] became the 14t in 1990 an dominated throu the 1990s, winnin seiven titles (1990, 1992–1996 an 1999).<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk" /><ref name="Global Snooker">{{cite web |title=warld Championship – Roll o Honour |url=http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-roll-of-honour.asp |publisher=Global Snooker |access-date=18 March 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222034318/http://www.global-snooker.com/professional-tournaments-archive-warld-championship-roll-of-honour.asp |archive-date=22 February 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Ronnie O'Sullivan]] is the closest tae dominance in the modren era, havin won the title on five occasions in the 21st century (2001, 2004, 2008, 2012 an 2013).<ref name="cajt.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk" /> [[Mark Williams]] haes won three times (2000, 2003 an 2018) an [[John Higgins]] fower times (1998, 2007, 2009 an 2011), but syne the beginnin o the century, thare haes nae been a dominant force lik in previous decades, an the modren era haes seen mony players playin tae a seemilar staundart, insteid o ane player raisin the bar. Davis, fur ensaumple, won mair rankin toornaments than the rest o the tap-64 players put thegither bi 1985. Bi retainin his title in 2013, O'Sullivan became the first player tae successfully defend the Warld Championship syne Hendry in 1996 ([[Mark Selby]] wad dae this in 2017 an aw).<ref name="warld Champions" />

== Relatit pages ==
* [[2019-20 snooker season]]
* [[Ladies warld Snooker Championship]]<!--Should be integrated into the main text, with information on women in the sport; this article is pretty much a sausage party. The words "women" or "woman" appear nowhere in it other than this comment.-->

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
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<ref name="CnVTimeline">{{cite web |title=Cues n Views – History Page, timeline |last=Smith |first=John A |work=cuesnviews.co.uk |date= |access-date=24 February 2007 |url=http://www.cuesnviews.co.uk/Snooker/timeline.htm |language= |quote=Joe Davis will reinvent this after-dinner pastime and become warld champion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060216115629/http://www.cuesnviews.co.uk/Snooker/timeline.htm |archive-date=10 February 2008}}</ref>
<ref name="news_BBCS">{{cite news |title=Pot Black returns |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=27 October 2005 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4382776.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061117104945/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4382776.stm |archive-date=17 November 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="Cue China">{{cite magazine |title=2008 Summer Journey – TIME |author= |magazine=TIME.com |date=19 June 2008 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1815747_1815707_1815672,00.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813223355/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/article/0,28804,1815747_1815707_1815672,00.html |archive-date=13 August 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="FCS-PB">{{cite web |first=Frank |last=Callan |title=Pot Black Ratings |work=FCSnooker.co.uk |date=15 March 2007 |url=http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070315035635/http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |archive-date=15 March 2007 |access-date=13 November 2017 |quote=Surprisingly, the programme raced to second place in the BBC2 ratings }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615125823/http://www.fcsnooker.co.uk/general%20interest/pot_black.html |date=2011-06-15 }}</ref>
<ref name="commonwealth">{{cite news |title=warld Championships 2002 {{!}} Take snooker to the warld |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=5 May 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/warld_champs_2002/1959780.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070225160919/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/warld_champs_2002/1959780.stm |archive-date=25 February 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="OTT-40">{{cite web |url=http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |title=1978&nbsp;– The warld Snooker Championships |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427132655/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |archive-date=27 April 2006 |date=27 April 2006 |quote=By 1977, though, a new lighting system had been devised, allowing the players to be seen clearly without problems and, the following year, Aubrey Singer agreed to cover the warld Championships all the way through, with an hour of highlights every day for 16 days |access-date=24 February 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427132655/http://www.offthetelly.co.uk/features/bbc2/forty2.htm |date=2006-04-27 }})</ref>
<ref name="GuardianThatch">{{cite web |title=Paul MacInnes: Can an alice band save snooker? |last=MacInnes |first=Paul |work=the Guardian |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/feb/10/football.newsstory |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160722062340/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/feb/10/football.newsstory |archive-date=22 July 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="GuardianSponsor">{{cite web |title=Snooker: warld championship finds new sponsors |author= |work=the Guardian |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/19/snooker.gdnsport31 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325161804/http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2006/jan/19/snooker.gdnsport31 |archive-date=25 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="wsrulessnooker">{{cite web |title=Official Rules of the Games of Snooker and English Billiards |url=http://www.wpbsa.com/sites/default/files/uploads/official_rules_edited_05.11.14_web_version_1.pdf |publisher=[[warld Professional Billiards and Snooker Association|The warld Professional Billiards & Snooker Association Limited]] |date=November 2014 |access-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084316/http://www.wpbsa.com/sites/default/files/uploads/official_rules_edited_05.11.14_web_version_1.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |df=}}</ref>
<ref name="rule_Snoo">{{cite web |title=Snooker for beginners |author= |work=Snooker rules and refereeing |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://www.rulesofsnooker.com/snooker-for-beginners.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013735/http://www.rulesofsnooker.com/snooker-for-beginners.html |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC147">{{cite news |title=Ding compiles maximum at Masters |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=14 January 2007 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6260923.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070207225605/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/6260923.stm |archive-date=7 February 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="belf_Alex">{{cite news |title=Alex Higgins: A 155 break impossible? Not for Higgy – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |author= |newspaper=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/alex-higgins/alex-higgins-a-155-break-impossible-not-for-higgy-28548775.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508102333/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/alex-higgins/alex-higgins-a-155-break-impossible-not-for-higgy-28548775.html |archive-date=8 May 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="pund_147I">{{cite web |title=147 Is Not Snooker's Maximum Break |author= |work=Pundit Arena |date=2 December 2014 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://punditarena.com/uncategorized/bbarry/147-is-not-snookers-maximum-break/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013406/http://punditarena.com/uncategorized/bbarry/147-is-not-snookers-maximum-break/ |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="BBCWSN1">{{cite news |title=warld title victory delights Dott |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=2 May 2006 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4963842.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307030914/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/4963842.stm |archive-date=7 March 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="belf_Mark">{{cite news |title=Mark Allen pockets £70k Scottish Open title with a 'nice fluke' – BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |author= |newspaper=BelfastTelegraph.co.uk |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/snooker/mark-allen-pockets-70k-scottish-open-title-with-a-nice-fluke-37632011.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190201013259/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/snooker/mark-allen-pockets-70k-scottish-open-title-with-a-nice-fluke-37632011.html |archive-date=1 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="roomsize">Peter Ietswaart, {{cite web |url=http://www.thurstonsnooker.co.uk/Pages/Snookerfaq.html |author=Ietswaart, Peter |title=Thurston Snooker Table makers |quote=Recommended room size for full size table 22&nbsp;ft × 16&nbsp;ft |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503151323/http://www.thurstonsnooker.co.uk/Pages/Snookerfaq.html |archive-date=3 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="snoo_Pool">{{cite web |title=Pool Table Room Size Guide – Snooker & Pool Table Company Ltd |author= |work=snookerandpooltablecompany.com |date= |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.snookerandpooltablecompany.com/room-size-guide.html |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190101051405/https://www.snookerandpooltablecompany.com/room-size-guide.html |archive-date=1 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Scorboard">{{cite web |url=http://www.sportsdefinitions.com/snooker/Scoreboard.html |title=What is Scoreboard in Snooker? Definition and Meaning |publisher=sportsdefinitions.com |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060047/http://www.sportsdefinitions.com/snooker/Scoreboard.html |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="wpbsafounding">{{cite news |title=WPBSA v TSN |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=16 February 2001 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1174311.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030101203136/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/1174311.stm |archive-date=1 January 2003 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="infighting2">{{cite news |title=Snooker authorities survive bid |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=13 November 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2459069.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040526051838/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2459069.stm |archive-date=26 May 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="infighting3">{{cite news |title=Snooker at the crossroads |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=14 November 2002 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2478413.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040711122138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2478413.stm |archive-date=11 July 2004 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ibsf">{{cite web |url=http://www.ibsf.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=120 |title=About Us |work=IBSF.info |publisher=[[International Billiards and Snooker Federation]] |date=2017 |access-date=13 November 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812003050/http://www.ibsf.info/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=120 |archive-date=12 August 2017}}</ref>
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<ref name="top16-1">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/5234798.stm |title=Swail targeting place in top 16 |publisher=BBC Sport |date=1 August 2006 |access-date=25 February 2007}}</ref>
<ref name="top16-2">{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2000/uk_championship_snooker/1039775.stm |title=The Seeds of Success |publisher=BBC Sport |date=24 November 2000 |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031018072104/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2000/uk_championship_snooker/1039775.stm |archive-date=25 February 2007}}</ref>
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<ref name="wcvalue">{{cite web |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010420/ai_n14386503 |title=Doherty sets out to regain greatest prize |publisher=The Independent |date=20 April 2001 |access-date=25 February 2007 |archive-date=2008-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080222063748/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20010420/ai_n14386503 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
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<ref name="yawn">Ronay, B. {{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/g2/story/0,,1932634,00.html |author=Ronay, B |title=Too dull to miss |publisher=The Guardian |date=27 October 2006 |access-date=25 February 2007}}</ref>
<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-47710362 |title=Snooker player quits over 'men-only' rule |date=26 March 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812185051/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-47710362 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=":1">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-47726687 |title=MPs call for end to men-only snooker clubs |date=27 March 2019 |access-date=5 September 2019 |language=en-GB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812183542/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leeds-47726687 |archive-date=12 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Cues Cues">{{cite web |url=http://www.cuescues.co.uk/snooker-cloth/Hainsworth-Smart-Snooker-Cloth?product_id=168 |date=10 July 2013 |access-date=20 July 2013 |work=Cues Cues |title=Tournament Grade 9ft Pool Snooker Cloth Set – Choose Your Colour |archive-date=2013-07-20 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130720150135/http://www.cuescues.co.uk/snooker-cloth/Hainsworth-Smart-Snooker-Cloth?product_id=168 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
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<ref name="dsoH1">{{cite news |title=1985: The black ball final |author= |work=news.bbc.co.uk |date=18 April 2003 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030924005037/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/2953933.stm |archive-date=24 September 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="gE3Ec">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/16/sports/othersports/16spencer.html |title=John Spencer, 71, Dies; Helped Popularize Snooker |date=16 July 2006 |work=The New York Times |access-date=26 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423040650/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/16/sports/othersports/16spencer.html |archive-date=23 April 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="fUEoB">{{cite news |title=Barry Hearn wins vote to take control of warld Snooker |author= |work=BBC |date=2 June 2010 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/8712167.stm |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923132449/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/other_sports/snooker/8712167.stm |archive-date=23 September 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="peHgu">{{cite news |title=Barry Hearn: warld Snooker chief on how he saved the sport |author= |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=27 November 2013 |access-date=31 January 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/25108165 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016034358/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/snooker/25108165 |archive-date=16 October 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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<ref name="ghz8N">{{cite news |title=Snooker bids to be included in 2020 Olympics in Tokyo |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/snooker/30942350 |access-date=24 January 2015 |work=BBC Sport |date=23 January 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150123151806/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/snooker/30942350 |archive-date=23 January 2015}}</ref>
<ref name="eN1gH">{{cite news |title=Olympic Games: Snooker misses out on 2020 Tokyo place |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/33223492 |work=BBC Sport |date=22 June 2015 |access-date=8 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805182507/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/33223492 |archive-date=5 August 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="KpBpW">{{cite news |last=Reuters staff |title=Snooker among cue sports targeting Paris 2024, federation chief says |url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-olympics-snooker/snooker-among-cue-sports-targeting-paris-2024-federation-chief-says-idUKKBN1D82AO |work=Reuters |date=8 November 2017 |access-date=8 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509014255/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-olympics-snooker/snooker-among-cue-sports-targeting-paris-2024-federation-chief-says-idUKKBN1D82AO |archive-date=9 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="T9wCo">{{cite web |title=About |url=https://www.worldsnookerfederation.org/about/ |website=worldsnookerfederation |publisher=warld Snooker Federation |access-date=8 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180509013512/https://www.worldsnookerfederation.org/about/ |archive-date=9 May 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="FullHistory">{{cite web |title=Full History of Snooker – WPBSA |author= |work=WPBSA |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.wpbsa.com/about/history/full-history-of-snooker/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190810132854/http://www.wpbsa.com/about/history/full-history-of-snooker/ |archive-date=10 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="inde_Grea">{{cite web |title=Great Sporting Moments: Dennis Taylor defeats Steve Davis 18–17 at the |work=The Independent |date=12 July 2009 |access-date=4 September 2019 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/others/great-sporting-moments-dennis-taylor-defeats-steve-davis-18-17-at-the-crucible-1741225.html}}</ref>
<ref name="snoo_WWWS">{{cite web |title=WWW Snooker: Tournament Diary 1998/99 |author= |work=snooker.org |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.snooker.org/Trn/9899/diary9899.shtml |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213172612/http://www.snooker.org/Trn/9899/diary9899.shtml |archive-date=13 February 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="snoo_Cale">{{cite web |title=Calendar 2019/2020 – snooker.org |work=snooker.org |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.snooker.org/res/index.asp?season=2019&template=2 |language=no |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name="worl_2019">{{cite web |title=2019 BetVictor Shoot Out – warld Snooker |author= |work=warld Snooker |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/tickets/2019-snooker-shoot-out/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711043029/http://www.worldsnooker.com/tickets/2019-snooker-shoot-out/ |archive-date=11 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Prize">{{cite web |title=2019–2020 Season Summary |author= |work=worldsnooker.com |date= |access-date=30 July 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Click-here-for-the-full-prize-money-schedule-2.pdf |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719025727/http://www.worldsnooker.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Click-here-for-the-full-prize-money-schedule-2.pdf |archive-date=19 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="5J29x">{{cite news |newspaper=The Times |date=7 October 1946 |page=8 |title=Billiards and Snooker – J Davis retires}}</ref>
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<ref name="IFuYf">{{cite news |title=warld Snooker prize money increase highlights growth, says Barry Hearn |author= |newspaper=BBC Sport |date=8 July 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/48909960 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829000907/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/48909960 |archive-date=29 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
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<ref name="news_Cora">{{cite web |title=Coral Cup: warld Grand Prix first on the agenda for new competition |author= |work=Coral News |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://news.coral.co.uk/other/snooker/coral-cup-snooker/coral-cup-warld-grand-prix-first-on-the-agenda-for-new-competition.html |quote= }}{{Dead link|date=September 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="warld Snooker list">{{cite web |title=History of the warld Snooker Championship |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/page/BetfredcomwarldChampionshipTournamentsArticle/0,,13165~2306123,00.html |work=worldsnooker.com |publisher=[[warld Professional Billiards and Snooker Association]] |access-date=30 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315202302/http://www.worldsnooker.com/page/BetfredcomwarldChampionshipTournamentsArticle/0%2C%2C13165~2306123%2C00.html |archive-date=15 March 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="worl_Tour">{{cite web |title=Tournament Broadcasters 2019–20 – warld Snooker |author= |work=warld Snooker |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/tournaments-broadcasters-2019-20/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628205251/http://www.worldsnooker.com/tournaments-broadcasters-2019-20/ |archive-date=28 June 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="en.e_O'Su">{{cite web |title=O'Sullivan excited by new Champion of Champions event |author= |work=ESPN.co.uk |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://en.espn.co.uk/snooker/sport/story/258923.html |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721145126/http://en.espn.co.uk/snooker/sport/story/258923.html |archive-date=21 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="cham_Cham">{{cite web |title=Champion of Champions Qualifying Criteria Confirmed – Champion of Champions Snooker |author= |work=Champion of Champions Snooker |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.championofchampionssnooker.co.uk/champion-champions-qualifying-criteria-confirmed/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013150233/http://www.championofchampionssnooker.co.uk/champion-champions-qualifying-criteria-confirmed/ |archive-date=13 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="azbi_Inau">{{cite web |title=Inaugural warld Team Trophy Sees 24 of the Best Cuesports Champions Assemble in Paris |author= |work=azbilliards.com |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.azbilliards.com/news/stories/14452-inaugural-warld-team-trophy-sees-24-of-the-best-cuesports-champions-assemble-in-paris/ |language= |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327085806/https://www.azbilliards.com/news/stories/14452-inaugural-warld-team-trophy-sees-24-of-the-best-cuesports-champions-assemble-in-paris/ |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc._Ronn">{{cite web |title=Ronnie O'Sullivan 'ready to go' with breakaway snooker tour |author= |work=BBC Sport |date= |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/46419267 |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820190307/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/snooker/46419267 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="vDR55">{{cite web |title=Embassy warld Championship |url=http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124071753/http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |archive-date=24 January 2013 |publisher=Snooker Scene |access-date=9 May 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124071753/http://www.snookerscene.co.uk/page.php?id=36 |date=2013-01-24 }}</ref>
<ref name="QqJ6D">{{cite book |last=Eric |first=Hayton |title=The CueSport Book of Professional Snooker: The Complete Record & History |year=2004 |publisher=Rose Villa Publications |location=London |isbn=0-9548549-0-X |page=11}}</ref>
<ref name="jtHKc">{{cite web |title=Billiards/Snooker/Men/ |url=http://www.pref.akita.jp/tiiki/wg2001/result_/eng/re0130.html |publisher=warld Games 2001 Akita |access-date=21 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020319022044/http://www.pref.akita.jp/tiiki/wg2001/result_/eng/re0130.html |archive-date=19 March 2002}}</ref>
<ref name="eN7hQ">{{cite web |title=Snooker Results (Men) |url=http://sports123.com/snk/results/mwg-2001.html |publisher=Sports123.com |access-date=23 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222050119/http://sports123.com/snk/results/mwg-2001.html |archive-date=22 February 2009}}</ref>
<ref name="LANCS">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Women's Billiards. Association Formed to Control the Championships. |url= |magazine=Lancashire Evening Post |location=p.10 |publisher= |date=1 October 1931 |access-date= |via=The Breetish Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.}}</ref>
<ref name="worl_WPBS">{{cite web |title=WPBSA warld Seniors Tour – warld Snooker |author= |work=warld Snooker |date=3 May 2018 |access-date=16 September 2019 |url=http://www.worldsnooker.com/wpbsa-warld-seniors-tour/ |quote= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003113215/http://www.worldsnooker.com/wpbsa-warld-seniors-tour/ |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="J3Vse">{{cite magazine |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=No interference |url= |magazine=Gloucestershire Echo |location=p.5 |publisher= |date=30 November 1933 |access-date= |via=The Breetish Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 21 August 2019.}}</ref>
}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=Snooker's warld Champions: Masters of the Baize |first1=Paul |last1=Gadsby |first2=Luke |last2=Williams |year=2012 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-78057-715-9 |ref=harv}}
{{refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons and category}}
{{Wiktionary|en}}
* [http://www.cuesports.club/ Cuesports.club] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317012610/http://www.cuesports.club/ |date=2019-03-17 }}
* [http://www.worldsnooker.com/ Warld Snooker Limited]
* [http://www.wpbsa.com/ Warld Professional Billiards & Snooker Association]
* [http://www.ibsf.info/ International Billiards & Snooker Federation]
* [http://www.ebsa.tv/ European Billiards & Snooker Association]
* [http://www.sinucasinuca.com.br/historia/ History of Billiards in Brazil]

[[Category:Snooker| ]]
[[Category:Individual sports]]
[[Category:Indoor sports]]
[[Category:Sports originating in South Asia]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]