See soorce fer Papaveraceae

{{Taxobox
| name = Papaveraceae
| image = Poppy flower, Torcello, Italy.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Papaver rhoeas]]''
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]]
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
| ordo = [[Ranunculales]]
| familia = '''Papaveraceae'''
| familia_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]]
}}

'''Papaveraceae''' {{IPA|papavə'rese}}, informally kent as the puppie faimily, is an economically important [[faimily (biology)|faimily]] o  '''30 [[genera]] an aboot 600 [[species]]''' o [[flouerin plant]]s in the order [[Ranunculales]].  The faimily is [[cosmopolitan distribution|cosmopolitan]], occurrin in [[temperate]] an [[subtropical]] climates, but almaist unkent in the [[tropics]]. Maist are [[yerbaceous plant]]s, but a few are [[shrub]]s an smaa [[tree]]s.

== Description ==
[[File:Argemone mexicana 02.jpg|thumb|right|Mexican prickly puppie - flouer]]
The plants mey be annual, biennial, or perennial. Uisually [[yerbaceous]], a few species fairm scrogs or evergreen trees. Thay are [[latex|lactiferous]], producin latex, whilk mey be milky or wattery, coloured or plain. Aw pairts contain a weel-developed duct seestem (thir ducts are cried "laticifers"), producin a milky [[latex]], a wattery white, yellae or reid juice.

[[Image:Corn puppie (Papaver rhoeas).jpg|thumb|right|Corn puppie (''Papaver rhoeas'') - flouer]]

The semple [[Leaf|leaves]] are alternate or whiles whorled. Thay hae [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]]s an are nae enclosed bi a sheath. The leaves are uisually lobed or pinnatifid (i.e. consisting o several nae entirely separate leaflets), or much-dividit. Thare are no [[stipule]]s.

The plants are [[Hermaphrodite|hermaphroditic]] an are [[pollination|pollinatit]] maistly bi [[insect]]s (even as flouer nectaries are lackin; [[entomophilous]]), a few bi the wind ([[anemophilous]]). Thare is a distinct [[calyx (botany)|calyx]] an [[Corolla (flouer)|corolla]], except in ''Macleaya'' whaur the corolla is lackin. The flouers is medium-sized or lairge an thay leuk spectacular. The terminal flouers solitar in maist species. In ithers the terminal [[inflorescence]] is cymose or [[Raceme|racemose]]. The flouers is odourless an regular.

[[Image:California puppie Eschscholzia californica 02.jpg|thumb|right|Californie puppie]]
Thare mony [[stamen]]s, maistly 16 tae 60, arranged in twa separate whorls, the ooter ane wi stamens alternate wi the petals, the inner ane opposite. The gynoecium consists o a compound [[pistil]] wi 2 tae 100 carpels. The [[ovary (plants)|ovary]] is superior an 1-locular. The ovary is athoot a footstalk (sessile) or on a short stem (stipitate).

The non-fleshy [[fruit]] is uisually a [[Capsule (fruit)|capsule]], breakin open at maturity tae release the [[seed]]s throu pores (poricidal), or throu the partitions atween the cells (septicidal), or bi means o valves (valvular). The numerous seeds is smaa. Thair nutritive tissue (endosperm) is oily an farinose. The fruit o ''Platystemon'' is a [[schizocarp]].
Naur aw o thir plants contain [[alkaloid]]s. Mony are [[pushion]]ous. [[Argemone mexicana|The Mexican Prickly puppie]] is pushionous if taken internally an mey cause [[edema]] an [[glaucoma]].  Even gif an ainimal, lik a [[gait]], shoud persist in grazin on this plant, nae anly will the ainimal suffer but the lik will be for thaim that drink its [[milk]], acause the pushions is passed alang in the milk.

== Taxonomy ==
The [[APG II seestem]] (2003; unchynged frae the [[APG seestem]] o 1998) places the faimily in the order [[Ranunculales]], in the clade [[eudicots]]. Housomever, APG daes provide for the option tae segregate twa faimilies, as optional segregate. Sicweys, thare twa possible circumscriptions:
* Papaveraceae ''sensu lato'', includin the plants that wad itherwise fairm the faimilies [[Fumariaceae]] an [[Pteridophyllaceae]]. (see subfaimilies)
* Papaveraceae ''sensu stricto'', excludin thir plants.

The faimily ''sensu stricto'' confairms tae the faimily as recognised bi the [[Cronquist seestem]], o 1981 (Cronquist recognised Fumariaceae as separate). This comprises aboot 26 genera an aboot 250 species. The description gien abuin applies tae the faimily in this narra sense.

;Genera in Papaveraceae ''sensu stricto''
[[Image:Starr 010714-0013 Bocconia frutescens.jpg|thumb|right|Tree Puppie (''Bocconia frutescens'')]]
[[Image:Argemone.mexicana3web.jpg|thumb|right|Mexican Prickly Puppie - fruit]]
{|
|- valign="top"
|
*''[[Arctomecon]]''
*''[[Argemone]]''<br /><small>Prickly puppie</small>
*''[[Bocconia]]''
*''[[Canbya]]''<br /><small>Pygmy puppie</small>
*''[[Chelidonium]]''
*''[[Dendromecon]]''<br /><small>Bush puppie</small>
*''[[Eomecon]]''
*''[[Eschscholzia]]''
*''[[Glaucium]]''
*''[[Hunnemannia]]''<br /><small>Mexican puppie</small>
*''[[Hylomecon]]''
*''[[Macleaya]]''<br /><small>Plume puppie</small>
|
*''[[Meconella]]''<br /><small>Fairy puppie</small>
*''[[Meconopsis]]''<br /><small>Blue puppie</small>
*''[[Papaver]]''<br /><small>puppie</small>
*''[[Platystemon]]''<br /><small>Creamcups</small>
*''[[Platystigma]]''
*''[[Roemeria]]''
*''[[Romneya]]''
*''[[Bloodroot|Sanguinaria]]''<br /><small>Bloodroot</small>
*''[[Stylomecon]]''
*''[[Stylophorum]]''<br /><small>Celandine puppie</small>
|}

The single genus transferred whan Pteridophyllaceae is includit in Papaveraceae is :

*''[[Pteridophyllum]]''

The 20 genera transferred whan Fumariaceae is includit in Papaveraceae are :

{|
|- valign="top"
|
*''[[Adlumia]]''
*''[[Capnoides]]''
*''[[Ceratocapnos]]''
*''[[Corydalis]]''
*''[[Cryptocapnos]]''
*''[[Cysticapnos]]''
*''[[Dactylicapnos]]''
*''[[Dicentra]]''
*''[[Discocapnos]]''
*''[[Ehrendorferia]]''
|
*''[[Fumaria]]''
*''[[Fumariola]]''
*''[[Hypecoum]]''
*''[[Ichtyoselmis]]''
*''[[Lamprocapnos]]''
*''[[Platycapnos]]''
*''[[Pseudofumaria]]''
*''[[Rupicapnos]]''
*''[[Sarcocapnos]]''
*''[[Trigonocapnos]]''
|}

=== Subfaimilies ===
For discussions o subfaimilies, see Carolan et al. (2006) an Blattner an Kadereit (1999): Eschscholzioideae, Papaveroideae (includin Platystemonoideae), an Chelidonioideae.

The twa taxa considered [[subfaimilies]] that hae been considered as separate faimilies is the [[Fumariaceae]] ([[Friedrich von Berchtold|Bercht.]] & [[Jan Svatopluk Presl|J. Presl]], 1820) an the [[Pteridophyllaceae]] ([[Svante Samuel Murbeck|Murb.]], 1912) [[Takenoshin Nakai|Nakai]] ex [[James Lauritz Reveal|Reveal]] & [[Ruurd Dirk Hoogland|Hoogland]], 1991.

==Cultivation==
The faimily is weel luved for the strikin flouers, wi mony species grawn as [[ornamental plant]]s, includin [[Californie puppie]] (''Eschscholtzia californica'', the Californie [[state flouer]]), the stunnin blue [[Meconopsis|Himalayan poppies]] (''Meconopsis''), several species o ''Papaver'', an the wildflouer [[bloodruit]]. The faimily conteens the [[opium puppie]] (''Papaver somniferum'') an aw, whilk is the soorce o [[opium]] an [[opiates]], as weel as [[puppie seed]]s uised in [[cuikin]] an [[bakin]], an [[puppieseed ile]].

==Seembolism==
{{Main|puppie}}
The opium puppie an corn puppie is seembols, respectively, o sleep an daith. In Great Breetain, Canadae, the Unitit States, an Australie the corn puppie is worn in remembrance o [[Warld War I]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Freemit airtins==
{{Commons category|Papaveraceae}}
*[http://www.topwalks.net/plants/generos/papaveraceae_01.htm Papaveraceae in Topwalks] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706013109/http://topwalks.net/plants/generos/papaveraceae_01.htm |date=2014-07-06 }}
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/papavera.htm Papaveraceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060320121514/http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/papavera.htm |date=2006-03-20 }} [sensu stricto] in L. Watson an M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ ''The families of flowering plants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070103200438/http://delta-intkey.com/ |date=2007-01-03 }}.
* Papaveraceae [sensu lato] in the [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10650  ''Flora of North America'']
* [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=3465&lvl=3&p=mapview&p=has_linkout&p=blast_url&p=genome_blast&lin=f&keep=1&srchmode=1&unlock NCBI Taxonomy Browser] [sensu stricto]
* [http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Papaveraceae links at CSDL] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080203152151/http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/cgi/gateway_family?fam=Papaveraceae |date=2008-02-03 }}
* [http://flowersinisrael.com/FamPapaveraceae.html Family Papaveraceae] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011053907/http://flowersinisrael.com/FamPapaveraceae.html |date=2012-10-11 }} Flowers in Israel
* *[http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/98/1/141 JAMES C. CAROLAN, INGRID L. I. HOOK, MARK W. CHASE, JOACHIM W. KADEREIT and TREVOR R. HODKINSON. Phylogenetics of Papaver and Related Genera Based on DNA Sequences from ITS Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Plastid trnL Intron and trnL–F Intergenic Spacers. Annals of Botany 2006 98(1):141-155]
* [http://www.springerlink.com/content/mj804g47v7x780wv/ Frank R. Blattner and Joachim W. Kadereit. Morphological evolution and ecological diversification of the forest-dwelling poppies (Papaveraceae: Chelidonioideae) as deduced from a molecular phylogeny of the ITS region. Plant Systematics and Evolution Volume 219, Numbers 3-4 / September, 1999 181-197]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

[[Category:Papaveraceae| ]]
[[Category:Eudicot faimilies]]